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The concept of a healthy lifestyle is receiving increasing attention. This study sought to identify an optimal healthy lifestyle profile associated with sleep health in general population of China. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to July 2022. Six healthy lifestyle factors were assessed: healthy diet, regular physical exercise, never smoking, never drinking alcohol, low sedentary behavior, and normal weight. Participants were categorized into the healthy lifestyle (5-6 factors), average (3-4 factors), and unhealthy lifestyle groups (0-2 factors). The study's primary outcome was sleep health, which included sleep quality, duration, pattern, and the presence of any sleep disorder or disturbance, including insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, obstructive apnea syndrome, and narcolepsy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to explore lifestyles associated with the selected sleep health outcomes. 41,061 individuals were included, forming 18.8% healthy, 63.8% average, and 17.4% unhealthy lifestyle groups. After adjusting for covariates, participants with healthy lifestyle were associated with a higher likelihood of good sleep quality (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.46-1.68), normal sleep duration (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.49-1.72), healthy sleep pattern (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 2.00-2.31), and lower risks of insomnia (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.61-0.71), excessive daytime sleepiness (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.60-0.73), and obstructive apnea syndrome (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.37-0.43), but not narcolepsy (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.83-1.03), compared to those with unhealthy lifestyle. This large cross-sectional study is the first to our knowledge to quantify the associations of a healthy lifestyle with specific aspects of sleep health. The findings offer support for efforts to improve sleep health by modulating lifestyle.
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Estilo de Vida Saludable , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , China/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Estilo de Vida , Calidad del Sueño , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/epidemiología , Anciano , Ejercicio Físico , Adulto Joven , AdolescenteRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Management of intractable childhood constipation is still challenging. The efficacy of retrograde colonic enema (RCE) with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in intractable childhood constipation has not been established, although both have demonstrated potential in gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of RCE-based FMT in the treatment of intractable constipation in children. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial with 110 children was conducted. The patients were randomly assigned to the FMT with RCE group or the placebo with RCE group. All participants received a daily RCE, followed by a 4-week FMT treatment (twice a week) and a 12-week follow-up period. Spontaneous bowel movements ≥ 3 per week were the main outcomes, and the risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Changes in intestinal bacterial profile were analyzed by BOX-PCR-based DNA fingerprinting and sequencing. The adverse effects were assessed based on symptoms. RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up period, 22 patients (40.0%) in the FMT with RCE group and 10 patients (18.2%) in the placebo with RCE group had ≥ 3 spontaneous bowel movements per week (net difference = 21.8%, 95% CI: 13.2%-30.4%; risk ratio: 1.364, 95% CI: 1.063-1.749; P < 0.05). Both RCE and FMT enriched the intestinal bacterial diversity of patients with constipation. The adverse events were all mild self-limiting gastrointestinal symptoms. DISCUSSION: FMT enhances the efficacy of RCE, and the use of RCE-based FMT is a safe and effective method in the treatment of intractable constipation in children.
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The synergistic effect of apoptosis and cuproptosis, along with the activation of the immune system, presents a promising approach to enhance the efficacy against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, two prodrugs are synthesized: a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive prodrug PEG-TK-DOX and a glutathione (GSH)-responsive prodrug PEG-DTPA-SS-CPT. These prodrugs are self-assembled and chelated Cu2+ to prepare nanoparticle PCD@Cu that simultaneously loaded doxorubicin (DOX), camptothecin (CPT), and Cu2+. The elevated levels of ROS and GSH in TNBC cells disrupted the PCD@Cu structure, leading to the release of Cu+, DOX, and CPT and the depletion of GSH. DOX and CPT triggered apoptosis with immunogenic cell death (ICD) in TNBC cells. Simultaneously, PCD@Cu downregulated the expression of copper transporting ATPase 2 (ATP7B), causing a significant accumulation of copper ions in TNBC cells. This further induced the aggregation of lipoylated dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT) and downregulation of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster proteins, ultimately leading to cuproptosis and ICD in TNBC. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that PCD@Cu induced apoptosis and cuproptosis in TNBC and activated the immune system, demonstrating strong anti-tumor capabilities. Moreover, PCD@Cu exhibited an excellent biosafety profile. Overall, this study provides a promising strategy for effective TNBC therapy.
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BACKGROUND: Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type 1 alpha (PIP5K1A) acts upstream of the Akt regulatory pathway and is abnormally expressed in many types of malignancies. However, the role and mechanism of PIP5K1A in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not yet been reported. In this study, we aimed to determine the association between PIP5K1A and progression of CRC and assess the efficacy and mechanism by which rupatadine targets PIP5K1A. METHODS: Firstly, expression and function of PIP5K1A in CRC were investigated by human colon cancer tissue chip analysis and cell proliferation assay. Next, rupatadine was screened by computational screening and cytotoxicity assay and interactions between PIP5K1A and rupatadine assessed by kinase activity detection assay and bio-layer interferometry analysis. Next, rupatadine's anti-tumor effect was evaluated by in vivo and in vitro pharmacodynamic assays. Finally, rupatadine's anti-tumor mechanism was explored by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: We found that PIP5K1A exerts tumor-promoting effects as a proto-oncogene in CRC and aberrant PIP5K1A expression correlates with CRC malignancy. We also found that rupatadine down-regulates cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and cyclin D1 protein expression by inhibiting the PIP5K1A/Akt/GSK-3ß pathway, induces cell cycle arrest, and inhibits CRC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: PIP5K1A is a potential drug target for treating CRC. Rupatadine, which targets PIP5K1A, could serve as a new option for treating CRC, its therapeutic mechanism being related to regulation of the Akt/GSK-3ß signaling pathway.
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Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Ciproheptadina , Fosfotransferasas (Aceptor de Grupo Alcohol) , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Transducción de Señal , Humanos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Animales , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Fosfotransferasas (Aceptor de Grupo Alcohol)/metabolismo , Ciproheptadina/farmacología , Ciproheptadina/análogos & derivados , Ratones Desnudos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Masculino , Proto-Oncogenes Mas , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Ratones , Antineoplásicos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most frequent leukemia in adults with a high mortality rate. Current diagnostic criteria and selections of therapeutic strategies are generally based on gene mutations and cytogenetic abnormalities. Chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are the major therapeutic strategies for AML. Two dilemmas in the clinical management of AML are related to its poor prognosis. One is the inaccurate risk stratification at diagnosis, leading to incorrect treatment selections. The other is the frequent resistance to chemotherapy and/or targeted therapies. Genomic features have been the focus of AML studies. However, the DNA-level aberrations do not always predict the expression levels of genes and proteins and the latter is more closely linked to disease phenotypes. With the development of high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry technologies, studying downstream effectors including RNA, proteins, and metabolites becomes possible. Transcriptomics can reveal gene expression and regulatory networks, proteomics can discover protein expression and signaling pathways intimately associated with the disease, and metabolomics can reflect precise changes in metabolites during disease progression. Moreover, omics profiling at the single-cell level enables studying cellular components and hierarchies of the AML microenvironment. The abundance of data from different omics layers enables the better risk stratification of AML by identifying prognosis-related biomarkers, and has the prospective application in identifying drug targets, therefore potentially discovering solutions to the two dilemmas. In this review, we summarize the existing AML studies using omics methods, both separately and combined, covering research fields of disease diagnosis, risk stratification, prognosis prediction, chemotherapy, as well as targeted therapy. Finally, we discuss the directions and challenges in the application of multi-omics in precision medicine of AML. Our review may inspire both omics researchers and clinical physicians to study AML from a different angle.
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Introduction: This study examines the seasonal and genetic characteristics of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in Henan from 2017 to 2023. Methods: Samples from patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) testing positive for HMPV were subjected to real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction The G gene was amplified and sequenced from these samples for epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis. Results: We enrolled 2,707 ARI patients from October 2017 to March 2023, finding an HMPV positivity rate of 6.17% (167/2,707). Children under five exhibited the highest infection rate at 7.78% (138/1,774). The 2018 and 2019 HMPV outbreaks predominantly occurred in spring (March to May), with peak positivity rates of 31.11% in May 2018 and 19.57% in May 2019. A notable increase occurred in November 2020, when positivity reached a historic high of 42.11%, continuing until January 2021. From February 2021 through March 2023, no significant seasonal peaks were observed, with rates ranging from 0% to 8.70%. Out of 81 G gene sequences analyzed, 46.91% (38/81) were identified as subtype A (A2c: 45.67%, 37/81; A2b: 1.23%, 1/81) and 53.09% (43/81) as subtype B (B1: 9.88%, 8/81; B2: 43.21%, 35/81). Notably, an AAABBA switch pattern was observed in HMPV subtypes. The dominant strains were A2c111nt-dup in subtype A and B2 in subtype B. Conclusions: Six years of surveillance in Henan Province has detailed the seasonal and genetic dynamics of HMPV, contributing valuable insights for the control and prevention of HMPV infections in China. These findings support the development of targeted HMPV vaccines and immunization strategies.
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Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a frequent but severe abdominal emergency in general surgery with intestinal barrier dysfunction. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone that has been proposed to exert favorable effects on AP. Nonetheless, the detailed impacts of HSP70 on the intestinal barrier function in AP are unknown, which will be investigated here. After the injection of sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct, the rat models of AP were established. After modeling, HSP70 expression was up-regulated through lentivirus infection. Western blot was used to detect HSP70 expression. H&E staining was used to examine the histological changes in the pancreatic and intestinal tissues. The levels of pancreatic biochemical markers and oxidative stress markers were detected using corresponding assay kits. ELISA was used to detect the levels of inflammatory cytokines and gastrointestinal function indicators. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression of tight junction proteins. DCFH-DA probe and MitoSOX Red probe were used to detect total reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS), respectively. TUNEL assay and Western blot were used to detect apoptosis. During the model construction, severe pancreatic and abnormal intestinal tissue abnormalities were observed, inflammatory response was activated and the intestinal barrier was disrupted. HSP70 expression was down-regulated in the intestinal tissues AP rat models. HSP70 ameliorated the morphological damage of pancreatic and intestinal tissues of AP rats. In addition, HSP70 significantly reduced intestinal barrier damage, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis in the intestinal tissues of AP rat models. Collectively, HSP70 might attenuate AP through exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic effects and inhibiting intestinal barrier disruption.
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Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico , Mucosa Intestinal , Pancreatitis , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Animales , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Pancreatitis/metabolismo , Pancreatitis/prevención & control , Pancreatitis/patología , Ratas , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Masculino , Enfermedad Aguda , Estrés Oxidativo , Apoptosis , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
Purpose: The prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is extremely poor, and systemic therapy is currently the mainstream treatment. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib combined with anti-PD-1 antibodies and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (triple therapy) in patients with HCC and PVTT. Materials and Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included patients with HCC and PVTT who received triple therapy, were aged between 18 and 75 years, classified as Child Pugh class A or B, and had at least one measurable lesion. The overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rates, and disease control rates were analyzed to assess efficacy. Treatment-related adverse events were analyzed to assess safety profiles. Results: During a median follow-up of 11.23 months (range, 3.07-34.37 months), the median OS was greater than 24 months, and median PFS was 12.53 months. The two-year OS rate was 54.9%. The objective response rate and disease control rate were 69.8% (74/106) and 84.0% (89/106), respectively; 20.8% (22/106) of the patients experienced grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events and no treatment-related deaths occurred. The conversion rate to liver resection was 31.1% (33/106), with manageable postoperative complications. The median OS was not reached in the surgery group, but was 19.08 months in the non-surgery group. The median PFS in the surgery and non-surgery groups were 20.50 and 9.00 months, respectively. Conclusion: Triple therapy showed promising survival benefits and high response rates in patients with HCC and PVTT, with manageable adverse effects.
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This article proposes an integer ambiguity determination method based on Beidou system-reflectometry (Beidou-R) observations of the carrier phase at the B1I and B3I frequencies. To enhance the accuracy of sea surface height (SSH) estimation, this study introduces a parallel filtering algorithm and an adaptive iterative fusion algorithm, enabling data fusion based on the variance at B1I and B3I frequencies. To validate and evaluate the proposed method, a coastal experiment was conducted at the Shenxian River. In this experiment, reflected signals from GEO and IGSO satellites were collected. Data analysis reveals that the method is effective, demonstrating that the root mean square error (RMSE) of SSH achieves 2.85 cm and 2.89 cm for PRN 04 and PRN 33, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of the elevation angle on measurement accuracy is analyzed. This study aims to propose a method to enhance coastal sea surface height estimation, offering potential advancements in sea surface altimetry.
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Algoritmos , Océanos y Mares , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodosRESUMEN
The research pertaining to solid waste is undergoing extensive advancement, thereby necessitating a consolidation and analysis of its research trajectories. The existing biblio-studies on solid waste research (SWR) lack thorough analyses of the factors influencing its trends. This article presents an innovative categorization framework that categorizes publications from six SWR journals utilizing Source Latent Dirichlet Allocation. First analyse changes in publication numbers across main categories, subcategories, journals, and regions, providing a macro-level study of SWR. Temporal analysis of keywords supplements a micro-level study of SWR, which highlights that emerging technologies with low Technology Readiness Level receive significant attention, while studies on widespread technologies are diminishing. Additionally, this study demonstrates the substantial influence of socioeconomic factors and previous SWR publications on current and future SWR trends. Finally, the article confirms the impact of global events on SWR trends by examining the structural breakpoints of SWR and their correlation with global events.
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Residuos Sólidos , Residuos Sólidos/análisis , Publicaciones Periódicas como Asunto/estadística & datos numéricos , Administración de Residuos/métodos , Clase Social , Eliminación de Residuos/métodos , Eliminación de Residuos/estadística & datos numéricos , Investigación , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels are water-rich, three-dimensional (3D) network materials that are similar to the tissue structure of living organisms. This feature gives hydrogels a wide range of potential applications, including drug delivery systems, articular cartilage regeneration, and tissue engineering. Due to the large amount of water contained in hydrogels, achieving hydrogels with comprehensive properties remains a major challenge, especially for isotropic hydrogels. This study innovatively prepares a multiscale-reinforced PVA hydrogel from molecular-level coupling to nanoscale enhancement by chemically cross-linking poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and in situ assembled aromatic polyamide nanofibers (ANFs). The optimized ANFs-PVA-PVP (APP) hydrogels have a tensile strength of ≈9.7 MPa, an elongation at break of ≈585%, a toughness of ≈31.84 MJ/m3, a compressive strength of ≈10.6 MPa, and a high-water content of ≈80%. It is excellent among all reported PVA hydrogels and even comparable to some anisotropic hydrogels. System characterizations show that those performances are attributed to the particular multiscale load-bearing structure and multiple interactions between ANFs and PVA. Moreover, APP hydrogels exhibit excellent biocompatibility and a low friction coefficient (≈0.4). These valuable performances pave the way for broad potential in many advanced applications such as biological tissue replacement, flexible wearable devices, electronic skin, and in vivo sensors.
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Materiales Biocompatibles , Hidrogeles , Nanofibras , Alcohol Polivinílico , Povidona , Nanofibras/química , Alcohol Polivinílico/química , Hidrogeles/química , Povidona/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Animales , Ratones , Nylons/química , Resistencia a la Tracción , Ensayo de Materiales , Fuerza CompresivaRESUMEN
Traditional metallic glasses (MGs), based on one or two principal elements, are notoriously known for their lack of tensile ductility at room temperature. Here, we developed a multiprincipal element MG (MPEMG), which exhibits a gigapascal yield strength, significant strain hardening that almost doubles its yield strength, and 2% uniform tensile ductility at room temperature. These remarkable properties stem from the heterogeneous amorphous structure of our MPEMG, which is composed of atoms with significant size mismatch but similar atomic fractions. In sharp contrast to traditional MGs, shear banding in our glass triggers local elemental segregation and subsequent ordering, which transforms shear softening to hardening, hence resulting in shear-band self-halting and extensive plastic flows. Our findings reveal a promising pathway to design stronger, more ductile glasses that can be applied in a wide range of technological fields.
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Background: Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) seriously affects the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) significantly affects the prognosis of HCC as much as PVTT remains unclear. We aimed to compare the long-term surgical outcomes of HCC with macroscopic PVTT (macro-PVTT) and macroscopic BDTT (macro-BDTT). Methods: The data of HCC patients with macro-BDTT or macro-PVTT who underwent hemihepatectomy were retrospectively reviewed. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to reduce the baseline imbalance. The recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were compared between the cohorts. Results: Before PSM, the PVTT group had worse RFS and OS rates than the BDTT group (P = 0.043 and P = 0.008, respectively). Multivariate analyses identified PVTT (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.835, P = 0.016) and large HCC (HR = 1.553, P = 0.039) as independent risk factors for poor OS and RFS, respectively. After PSM, the PVTT group had worse RFS and OS rates than the BDTT group (P = 0.037 and P = 0.004, respectively). The 3- and 5-year OS rates were significantly higher in the BDTT group (59.5% and 52.1%, respectively) than in the PVTT group (33.3% and 20.2%, respectively). Conclusion: Aggressive hemihepatectomy provides an acceptable prognosis for HCC patients with macro-BDTT. Furthermore, the long-term surgical outcomes of HCC patients with macro-BDTT were significantly better than those of HCC patients with macro-PVTT.
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Background: This study evaluates the efficacy of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) response as a surrogate marker for determining recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) who undergo salvage hepatectomy following conversion therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and anti-PD-1 antibody-based regimen. Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 74 patients with uHCC and positive AFP (>20 ng/mL) at diagnosis, who underwent salvage hepatectomy after treatment with TKIs and anti-PD-1 antibody-based regimens. The association between AFP response-defined as a ≥ 80% decrease in final AFP levels before salvage hepatectomy from diagnosis-and RFS post-hepatectomy was investigated. Results: AFP responders demonstrated significantly better postoperative RFS compared to non-responders (P<0.001). The median RFS was not reached for AFP responders, with 1-year and 2-year RFS rates of 81.3% and 70.8%, respectively. In contrast, AFP non-responders had a median RFS of 7.43 months, with 1-year and 2-year RFS rates at 37.1% and 37.1%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified AFP response as an independent predictor of RFS. Integrating AFP response with radiologic tumor response facilitated further stratification of patients into distinct risk categories: those with radiologic remission experienced the most favorable RFS, followed by patients with partial response/stable disease and AFP response, and the least favorable RFS among patients with partial response/stable disease but without AFP response. Sensitivity analyses further confirmed the association between AFP response and improved RFS across various cutoff values and in patients with AFP ≥ 200 ng/mL at diagnosis (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The "20-80" rule based on AFP response could be helpful for clinicians to preoperatively stratify the risk of patients undergoing salvage hepatectomy, enabling identification and management of those unlikely to benefit from this procedure.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Pronóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , alfa-Fetoproteínas , Hepatectomía , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugíaRESUMEN
Leaching of potentially hazardous substances, especially the heavy metals from Incineration Bottom Ash (IBA) is a major problem in its recyclable usage. To address this concern, treatment of IBA is indispensable before it can be reused. IBA subjected to laboratory-scale treatment typically yields clearer conclusions in terms of leaching behaviors, benefiting from the controlled laboratory environment. However, the leaching behaviors of commercially treated IBA appear to be more ambiguous due to the complex and comprehensive nature of industrial-scale treatments, where multiple treatment techniques are involved concurrently. Furthermore, treatment efficiencies vary among different plants. In this study, three types of commercially treated IBA were sampled from leading waste treatment companies in Singapore. Characterization and leaching tests were performed on the treated IBAs in both standardized and modified manners to simulate various scenarios. Besides deionized water, artificial seawater was used as a leachant in leaching tests for simulating seawater intrusion. The results reveal the promoting effect of seawater on the leaching levels of several elements from three types of treated IBA, which may require special attention for IBA application and landfill near the coast. Furthermore, the elements examined in these three types of commercially treated IBA generally comply with the non-hazardous waste acceptance criteria outlined in Council Decision, 2003/33/EC (2003), except Sb. By combining two leaching tests, the elements were categorized into different types of leaching behavior, making it possible to prepare and respond to the concerning leaching scenarios in future engineering applications.
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Ceniza del Carbón , Metales Pesados , Singapur , Incineración , Metales Pesados/análisis , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Residuos Sólidos/análisisRESUMEN
Bioelectronics, which converges biology and electronics, has attracted great attention due to their vital applications in human-machine interfaces. While traditional bioelectronic devices utilize nonliving organic and/or inorganic materials to achieve flexibility and stretchability, a biological mismatch is often encountered because human tissues are characterized not only by softness and stretchability but also by biodynamic and adaptive properties. Recently, a notable paradigm shift has emerged in bioelectronics, where living cells, and even viruses, modified via gene editing within synthetic biology, are used as core components in a new hybrid electronics paradigm. These devices are defined as "living synthelectronics," and they offer enhanced potential for interfacing with human tissues at informational and substance exchange levels. In this Perspective, the recent advances in living synthelectronics are summarized. First, opportunities brought to electronics by synthetic biology are briefly introduced. Then, strategic approaches to designing and making electronic devices using living cells/viruses as the building blocks, sensing components, or power sources are reviewed. Finally, the challenges faced by living synthelectronics are raised. It is believed that this paradigm shift will significantly contribute to the real integration of bioelectronics with human tissues.
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Electrónica , Biología Sintética , Biología Sintética/métodos , Humanos , Edición Génica , Animales , Técnicas Biosensibles/instrumentación , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodosRESUMEN
The activation of peracetic acid (PAA) by activated carbon (AC) is a promising approach for reducing micropollutants in groundwater. However, to harness the PAA/AC system's potential and achieve sustainable and low-impact groundwater remediation, it is crucial to quantify the individual contributions of active species. In this study, we developed a combined degradation kinetic and adsorption mass transfer model to elucidate the roles of free radicals, electron transfer processes (ETP), and adsorption on the degradation of antibiotics by PAA in groundwater. Our findings reveal that ETP predominantly facilitated the activation of PAA by modified activated carbon (AC600), contributing to â¼61% of the overall degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The carbonyl group (CO) on the surface of AC600 was identified as a probable site for the ETP. Free radicals contributed to â¼39% of the degradation, while adsorption was negligible. Thermodynamic and activation energy analyses indicate that the degradation of SMX within the PAA/AC600 system requires a relatively low energy input (27.66 kJ/mol), which is within the lower range of various heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions, thus making it easily achievable. These novel insights enhance our understanding of the AC600-mediated PAA activation mechanism and lay the groundwork for developing efficient and sustainable technologies for mitigating groundwater pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: The antibiotics in groundwater raises alarming environmental concerns. As groundwater serves as a primary source of drinking water for nearly half the global population, the development of eco-friendly technologies for antibiotic-contaminated groundwater remediation becomes imperative. The innovative PAA/AC600 system demonstrates significant efficacy in degrading micropollutants, particularly sulfonamide antibiotics. By integrating degradation kinetics and adsorption mass transfer models, this study sheds light on the intricate mechanisms involved, emphasizing the potential of carbon materials as sustainable tools in the ongoing battle for clean and safe groundwater.
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Agua Subterránea , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Antibacterianos , Ácido Peracético , Oxidación-Reducción , Carbón Orgánico , Adsorción , Electrones , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , SulfametoxazolRESUMEN
Shift work may adversely affect individuals' health, thus, the current study aimed to investigate the association between shift work and health outcomes in the general population. A total of 41,061 participants were included in this online cross-sectional survey, among which 9612 (23.4%) individuals engaged in shift work and 31,449 (76.6%) individuals engaged in non-shift work. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the association between shift work and health outcomes (psychiatric disorders, mental health symptoms, and physical disorders). In addition, associations between the duration (≤1 year, 1-3 years, 3-5 years, 5-10 years, ≥10 years) and frequency of shift work (<1 or ≥1 night/week) and health outcomes were also explored. The results showed that compared to non-shift workers, shift workers had a higher likelihood of any psychiatric disorders (odds ratios [OR] = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.56-2.09, p < 0.001), mental health symptoms (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.68-1.85, p < 0.001), and physical disorders (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.39-1.57, p < 0.001). In addition, inverted U-shaped associations were observed between the duration of shift work and health outcomes. These results indicated that shift work was closely related to potential links with poor health outcomes. The findings highlighted the importance of paying attention to the health conditions of shift workers and the necessity of implementing comprehensive protective measures for shift workers to reduce the impact of shift work.
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Hydrogen production through hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) offers a promising solution to combat climate change by replacing fossil fuels with clean energy sources. However, the widespread adoption of efficient electrocatalysts, such as platinum (Pt), has been hindered by their high cost. In this study, we developed an easy-to-implement method to create ultrathin Pt nanomembranes, which catalyze HER at a cost significantly lower than commercial Pt/C and comparable to non-noble metal electrocatalysts. These Pt nanomembranes consist of highly distorted Pt nanocrystals and exhibit a heterogeneous elastic strain field, a characteristic rarely seen in conventional crystals. This unique feature results in significantly higher electrocatalytic efficiency than various forms of Pt electrocatalysts, including Pt/C, Pt foils, and numerous Pt single-atom or single-cluster catalysts. Our research offers a promising approach to develop highly efficient and cost-effective low-dimensional electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production, potentially addressing the challenges posed by the climate crisis.
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To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of specific human leukocyte antigen loss (HLA loss) in relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), and compare the responses of patients with HLA loss relapse with those without HLA loss (non-HLA loss) to different treatment regimens. Clinical data of traceable patients with AML/MDS after myeloablative allo-HSCT in our centre between January 2010 and June 2021, who experienced disease relapse after the transplantation, were collected. The patients were divided into the HLA loss relapse group and the non-HLA loss relapsed group based on HLA loss gene test findings by next-generation sequencing. The patients' median overall survival (OS) after the relapse were compared, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox proportional hazard model to explore the responses to different treatments after relapse. A total of 2359 patients were selected. Retrospective HLA gene loss gene detection was performed for the deoxyribonucleic acid in 179 relapsed patients, including 47 patients in the HLA loss group (27.2%), 126 patients in the non-HLA loss group (72.8%) and 6 patients were excluded due to a lack of confirmed results. There was no significant statistical difference in the baseline characteristics of patients between the two groups, but as to transplantation-related characteristics, the donor-recipient relationship and HLA mismatched loci were statistically different between the two groups (both p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that more HLA mismatched loci ≥3 (HR = 3.66; 95% CI: 1.61-8.31; p = 0.002), time (≤6 months) from HSCT to relapse (HR = 7.92; 95% CI: 3.35-18.74; p < 0.001) and donor chimerism (CD3) in bone marrow at relapse (HR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.03; p = 0.036) were independent factors affecting HLA loss relapse. The ratio of negative conversion of FLT3-ITD or CEBPA mutation was significantly lower in patients with post-transplantation HLA loss relapse than in the non-HLA loss group (0.0% vs. 45.5%, p = 0.003; 0.0% vs. 80.0%, p = 0.035), with none of the patients with FLT3-ITD or CEBPA mutation turned negative in the HLA loss group. The number of gene mutations turned negative when relapse in the non-HLA loss group was remarkably higher than that in the HLA loss group (p = 0.001). Using donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) could not prolong OS for the HLA loss group (p = 0.42). Nevertheless, second transplantation had a significant positive impact on OS in the HLA loss group (p = 0.017), although only five patients in the HLA loss group underwent second transplantation. However, patients in the non-HLA loss group using DLI had a relatively longer OS time than those without DLI (p = 0.017). Second transplantation could also prolong OS in the non-HLA loss group, but the effect was not as significant as in the HLA loss group (p = 0.053). In summary, HLA loss detection is essential for patients with recurrence after transplantation, especially for those with more HLA mismatched loci and non-sibling donor. Furthermore, the detection of HLA loss has a guiding role in choosing subsequent therapy when relapsed, as secondary transplantation is more suitable than DLI for those with HLA loss.