Shape-Tunable Hollow Polysiloxane Nanoparticles Based on a Surfactant-Free Soft Templating Method and Their Application as a Drug Carrier.

A surfactant-free soft-templating method has been used to prepare polysiloxane hollow nanoparticles with a controllable shape. This method is simple and has the potential for large-scale preparation. For the first time, we successfully obtained hollow polysiloxane nanoparticles with different shapes, including eccentric hollow polysiloxane microspheres (EHPM), apple-like hollow polysiloxane microparticles (AHPM), and bowl-like hollow polysiloxane microparticles (BHPM), by simply changing the solvent. In this method, the hydrolyzed methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) not only stabilizes the system as a surfactant but also acts as a reactant for subsequent reactions, so no additional surfactant is needed. In addition, the formation mechanism of hollow polysiloxane microparticles with different shapes is also proposed: that is, MTES hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to form a surfactant, which changes the system from suspension to a stable oil-in-water emulsion. Then, under alkaline conditions, the hydrolyzed MTES polycondenses and nucleates at the oil-water interface. At the same time, with the process of polycondensation, the hydrolyzed MTES will migrate to the nucleation site driven by surface tension, thus forming an eccentric core/shell (solvent/polysiloxane) structure. Due to the different forces between hydrolyzed MTES and different solvents, the deviation degree of hollow in microspheres is different, thus forming particles with various morphologies. This synthesis method provides a new idea for the preparation of shapeable anisotropic hollow structures. Finally, we use AHPM to study the application of the drug load. The results show that the prepared hollow polysiloxane particles have a good drug loading capacity and release performance. It can be predicted that the shape-tunable hollow polysiloxane particles prepared by this method have broad application prospects in the field of drug delivery.

Tuning Blood-Material Interactions to Generate Versatile Hemostatic Powders and Gels.

Polymer-based hemostatic materials/devices have been increasingly exploited for versatile clinical scenarios, while there is an urgent need to reveal the rational design/facile approach for procoagulant surfaces through regulating blood-material interactions. In this work, degradable powders (PLPS) and thermoresponsive gels (F127-PLPS) are readily developed as promising hemostatic materials for versatile clinical applications, through tuning blood-material interactions with optimized grafting of cationic polylysine: the former is facilely prepared by conjugating polylysine onto porous starch particle, while F127-PLPS is prepared by the simple mixture of PLPS and commercial thermosensitive polymer. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that PLPS2 with the optimal-/medium content of polylysine grafts achieve the superior hemostatic performance. The underlying procoagulant mechanism of PLPS2 surface is revealed as the selective fibrinogen adsorption among the competitive plasma-protein-adsorption process, which is the foundation of other blood-material interactions. Moreover, in vitro results confirm the achieved procoagulant surface of F127-PLPS through optimal PLPS2 loading. Together with the tunable thermoresponsiveness, F127-PLPS exhibits outstanding hemostatic utilization in both femoral-artery-injury and renal-artery-embolization models. The work thereby pioneers an appealing approach for generating versatile polymer-based hemostatic materials/devices.

Genetically light-enhanced immunotherapy mediated by a fluorinated reduction-sensitive delivery system.

The lack of safe and efficient therapeutic agent delivery platforms restricts combined therapy's effect, and combined cancer therapy's multi-component delivery effect needs improvement. The novel gene delivery system SS-HPT-F/pMIP-3ß-KR was proposed to construct fluorine-containing degradable cationic polymers SS-HPT-F by a mild and simple amino-epoxy ring-opening reaction. By modifying the fluorinated alkyl chain, the delivery efficiency of the plasmid was greatly improved, and the cytoplasmic transport of biomolecules was completed. At the same time, a combination plasmid (MIP-3ß-KillerRed) was innovatively designed for the independent expression of immune and photodynamic proteins. Which was efficiently transported to the tumor site by SS-HPT-F. The MIP-3ß is expressed as an immune chemokine realize the immune mobilization behavior. The photosensitive protein KillerRed expressed in the tumor killed cancer cells under irradiation and released the exocrine immune factor MIP-3ß. The immunogenic cell death (ICD) produced by photodynamic therapy (PDT) also induced the immune response of the organism. The synergistic effect of PDT and MIP-3ß mobilized the immune properties of the organism, providing light-enhanced immune combination therapy against malignant tumors. Therefore, in subcutaneous tumor-bearing and metastatic animal models, the carrier tumor growth and mobilize organism produce an immune response without systemic toxicity. This work reports the first efficient gene delivery system that achieves light-enhanced immunotherapy.

Surface Tension-Induced Eccentric Hollow Polysiloxane Microspheres in a Surfactant-Free System and Their Applications as a Nanoreactor and Nanomotor.

Eccentric hollow polysiloxane microspheres (EHPMs) have attracted significant attention due to their potential in energy storage, drug delivery, and heterogeneous catalysis applications. However, their preparation pathways are often particularly complex. Therefore, it is critical to find a simple method for preparing EHPMs. In this study, a surfactant-free emulsification method is proposed to prepare EHPM. Under acidic conditions, methyl triethoxysilane (MTES) is hydrolyzed at the oil-water interface, with the hydrolyzed MTES demonstrating amphiphilic properties, and it could be anchored on the xylene surface to form an oil-in-water emulsion. The solution, when adjusted to alkaline, nucleated from a point at the oil-water interface. Driven by the surface tension, the hydrolyzed MTES migrated to the nucleation site with decreasing hydrophilicity. As a result, an EHPM formed. This process provides a simple, low cost, and environmentally friendly strategy for the preparation of EHPM, which demonstrated potential in catalytic and nanomotor applications.

Janus nanoparticles targeting extracellular polymeric substance achieve flexible elimination of drug-resistant biofilms.

Safe and efficient antibacterial materials are urgently needed to combat drug-resistant bacteria and biofilm-associated infections. The rational design of nanoparticles for flexible elimination of biofilms remains challenging. Herein, we propose the fabrication of Janus-structured nanoparticles targeting extracellular polymeric substance to achieve dispersion or near-infrared (NIR) light-activated photothermal elimination of drug-resistant biofilms, respectively. Asymmetrical Janus-structured dextran-bismuth selenide (Dex-BSe) nanoparticles are fabricated to exploit synergistic effects of both components. Interestingly, Janus Dex-BSe nanoparticles realize enhanced dispersal of biofilms over time. Alternatively, taking advantage of the preferential accumulation of nanoparticles at infection sites, the self-propelled active motion induced by the unique Janus structure enhances photothermal killing effect. The flexible application of Janus Dex-BSe nanoparticles for biofilm removal or NIR-triggered eradication in vivo is demonstrated by Staphylococcus aureus-infected mouse excisional wound model and abscess model, respectively. The developed Janus nanoplatform holds great promise for the efficient elimination of drug-resistant biofilms in diverse antibacterial scenarios.

Evidence for a causal relationship between psoriasis and cutaneous melanoma: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomized study.

Background and objective: Existing cross-sectional and retrospective studies were unable to establish a causal relationship between psoriasis and cutaneous melanoma (CM). We sought to evaluate the causal role between psoriasis and CM. Methods: We performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of psoriasis and CM among individuals of predominantly European ancestry. Mendelian randomization-Egger regression, inverse variance weighting, Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, weighted mode, and weighted median were used to examine the causal effect between psoriasis and CM. Results: Genetically predicted psoriasis was a significant risk factor for CM (odds ratio, 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-2.48; P = 0.025). In contrast, no association was observed between genetically predicted CM and psoriasis. Conclusion: Our findings corroborated the existence of genetically predicted psoriasis increases risk of CM. Enhanced early screening of cutaneous melanoma in patients with psoriasis may improve clinical burden. However, we did not find evidence for a causal link from CM to psoriasis, so further studies are required to elucidate the effect of CM activity on psoriasis.

Melanin-Based Immunoregulatory Nanohybrids Enhance Antitumor Immune Responses in Breast Cancer Mouse Model.

Natural melanin nanoparticles (MNPs) have demonstrated a potential for eliciting antitumor immune responses through inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD); however, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been shown to inhibit T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. To address this challenge, we designed TME-responsive biodegradable melanin/MnOx nanohybrids via a biomineralization process. Under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, the photothermal property of melanin/MnOx nanohybrids triggers ICD and release of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), while Mn2+ and TAAs induce dendritic cell (DC) maturation to provoke immune responses. Furthermore, the immunoregulatory properties of the nanohybrids themselves are exploited to reshape immunosuppressive TME and downregulate PD-L1 through alleviation of the hypoxic and acidic TME. Although MNPs demonstrate higher photothermal killing efficiency than the nanohybrids in vitro due to their superior photothermal effect, the melanin/MnOx nanohybrids exhibit significantly enhanced antitumor and antimetastatic effects in vivo, benefiting from their ability to reverse immunosuppression and induce DC maturation. Transcriptomics analysis confirmed the successful activation of immune responses. This work presents a promising approach for immunomodulation-enhanced cancer therapy through the intrinsic properties of melanin/MnOx nanohybrids.

Effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the nutritional status of patients in a persistent vegetative state: A pilot study.

Purpose: This paper presents a preliminary study on whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can modulate the nutritional status of persistent vegetative state (PVS) patients (the primary endpoint) by regulating the intestinal flora and the metabolites, with the correlation between them also investigated. Methods: Seventy-six patients with PVS were selected and divided into the observation group (n = 38) and the control group (n = 38) by random numerical grouping. All subjects' stool samples were examined for metabolites and analyzed regarding the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content. All subjects' serum albumin, prealbumin, and hemoglobin levels were measured before and after the treatment. Nutrition risk screening 2002 was performed on all the subjects before and after the treatment and on the 30th and 90th days of the follow-up. Results: (1) Intestinal flora structure: the Chao index, Ace index, and Shannon index of the observation group and the control group were significantly higher (p < 0.05), while the Simpson index was significantly lower (p < 0.05) following the treatment. (2) Metabolites of the intestinal flora: the observation group had significantly higher levels of acetic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid (p < 0.05), as well as lower levels of propionic acid (p < 0.05) following the treatment. (3) Nutritional status (the primary endpoint): following the treatment, the above serum nutritional indices were significantly higher in both groups (p < 0.05), while the indices of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The rTMS method may improve the nutritional status of patients with PVS by regulating the structure of the intestinal flora and affecting the level of SCFAs through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The possible mechanism involves how high-frequency rTMS can cause increased excitation in the frontal lobe of the right side of the brain, thus regulating the 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine levels.

Rough Nanovaccines Boost Antitumor Immunity Through the Enhancement of Vaccination Cascade and Immunogenic Cell Death Induction.

Nanovaccines have attracted intense interests for efficient antigen delivery and tumor-specific immunity. It is challenging to develop a more efficient and personalized nanovaccine to maximize all steps of the vaccination cascade by exploiting the intrinsic properties of nanoparticles. Here, biodegradable nanohybrids (MP) composed of manganese oxide nanoparticles and cationic polymers are synthesized to load a model antigen ovalbumin to form MPO nanovaccines. More interestingly, MPO could serve as autologous nanovaccines for personalized tumor treatment taking advantage of in situ released tumor-associated antigens induced by immunogenic cell death (ICD). The intrinsic properties of MP nanohybrids including morphology, size, surface charge, chemical, and immunoregulatory functions are fully exploited to enhance of all steps of the cascade and induce ICD. MP nanohybrids are designed to efficiently encapsulate antigens by cationic polymers, drain to lymph nodes by appropriate size, be internalized by dendritic cells (DCs) by rough morphology, induce DC maturation through cGAS-STING pathway, and enhance lysosomal escape and antigen cross-presentation through the "proton sponge effect". The MPO nanovaccines are found to efficiently accumulate in lymph nodes and elicit robust specific T-cell immune responses to inhibit the occurrence of ovalbumin-expressing B16-OVA melanoma. Furthermore, MPO demonstrate great potential to serve as personalized cancer vaccines through the generation of autologous antigen depot through ICD induction, activation of potent antitumor immunity, and reversal of immunosuppression. This work provides a facile strategy for the construction of personalized nanovaccines by exploiting the intrinsic properties of nanohybrids.

Performance and Stability of Aemion and Aemion+ Membranes in Zero-Gap CO2 Electrolyzers with Mild Anolyte Solutions.

The dependence of performance and stability of a zero-gap CO2 electrolyzer on the properties of the anion exchange membrane (AEM) is examined. This work firstly assesses the influence of the anolyte when using an Aemion membrane and then shows that when using 10 mM KHCO3 , a CO2 electrolyzer using a next-generation Aemion+ membrane can achieve lower cell voltages and longer lifetimes due to increased water permeation. The impact of lower permselectivity of Aemion+ on water transport is also discussed. Using Aemion+, a cell voltage of 3.17 V at 200 mA cm-2 is achieved at room temperature, with a faradaic efficiency of >90 %. Stable CO2 electrolysis at 100 mA cm-2 is demonstrated for 100 h, but with reduced lifetime at 300 mA cm-2 . However, the lifetime of the cell at high current densities is shown to be increased by improving water transport characteristics of the AEM and reducing dimensional swelling, as well as by improving cathode design to reduce localized dehydration of the membrane.

A natural polyphenol-functionalized chitosan/gelatin sponge for accelerating hemostasis and infected wound healing.

Natural polymers have been particularly appealing for constructing hemostatic materials/devices, but it is still desirable to develop new natural polymer-based biomaterials with balanced hemostatic and wound-healing performance. In this work, a natural polyphenol-functionalized chitosan/gelatin sponge (PCGS) was prepared by the lyophilization of a chitosan/gelatin mixture solution (under a self-foaming condition to prepare the CGS) and subsequent chemical cross-linking with procyanidin (PC). Compared with the original CGS, PCGS exhibited an enhanced liquid-absorption ability, reduced surface charges, and similar/low hemolysis rate. Benefiting from such a liquid-absorption ability (∼4000% for whole blood and normal saline) and moderate surface charges, PCGS exhibited high in vitro hemostatic property and promising hemostatic performance in an in vivo femoral-artery-injury model. In addition, PCGS possessed higher antioxidant property and slightly decreased antibacterial ability than CGS, owing to the incorporation of PC. The feasibility of PCGS for treating infected wounds was further confirmed in an in vivo infected-tooth-extraction model, as the typical complication of intractable tooth-extraction bleeding. The present work demonstrated a facile approach for developing multifunctional hemostatic materials through the flexible management of natural polymers and polyphenols.

Facile fabrication of two-dimensional iodine nanosheets for antibacterial therapy.

Herein, we report a facile approach for the preparation of two-dimensional iodine nanosheets (2D iodine NSs) with good stability and high biocompatibility via an aqueous solvent-assisted ultrasonic route. Due to the large specific surface area of the 2D morphology, iodine NSs effectively interact with bacterial membranes and destroy bacterial integrity, as well as further damaging intracellular DNA, showing prominent antibacterial activity against S. aureus in vitro and in vivo.

Injectable Hydrogels Encapsulating Dual-Functional Au@Pt Core-Shell Nanoparticles Regulate Infarcted Microenvironments and Enhance the Therapeutic Efficacy of Stem Cells through Antioxidant and Electrical Integration.

Injectable functional biomaterials have made significant progress in cardiac regenerative. In addition, how to adjust the abominable infarction microenvironment and introduce therapeutic stem cells to improve the healing effect has become a hotspot. Herein, injectable stem cell vector is prepared by combining natural alginate hydrogel and Au@Pt nanoparticles (Au@Pt/Alg hydrogel) to encapsulate brown adipose stem cells (BASCs). Au@Pt nanoparticles with both antioxidative and conductive properties could effectively eliminate reactive oxygen species, enhance the frequency of action potential release of cardiomyocytes, and further reduce the inflammatory factors of macrophage in vitro. The Au@Pt/Alg hydrogel enhances the antioxidant, differentiation, and paracrine capability of BASCs. The effect of BASCs loaded Au@Pt/Alg hydrogel is evaluated in a rat myocardial infarction (MI) model. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and heart electrical integration are showed in the MI model. More interestingly, Au@Pt/Alg hydrogel can effectively maintain the paracrine efficiency and pro-angiogenesis effects of BASCs in the infarcted area. This study led us to recognize the great value of Au@Pt/Alg hydrogels for their ability to actively regulate the microenvironment and carry stem cells for MI treatment.

Phase-change composite filled natural nanotubes in hydrogel promote wound healing under photothermally triggered drug release.

It is of great importance to treat a bacterial-infected wound by a smart dressing capable of delivering antibiotics in a smart manner without causing drug resistance. The construction of smart release nanocontainers responsive to near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation in an on-demand and stepwise way is a promising strategy for avoiding the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Here, we develop a hydrogel composite made of alginate and nanotubes with an efficient NIR-triggered release of rifampicin and outstanding antibacterial ability. This composite hydrogel is prepared through co-encapsulating antibacterial drug (rifampicin), NIR-absorbing dye (indocyanine green), and phase-change materials (a eutectic mixture of fatty acids) into halloysite nanotubes, followed by incorporation into alginate hydrogels, allowing the in-situ gelation at room temperature and maintaining the integrity of drug-loaded nanotubes. Among them, the eutectic mixture with a melting point of 39 °C serves as the biocompatible phase-change material to facilitate the NIR-triggered drug release. The resultant phase-change material gated-nanotubes exhibit a prominent photothermal efficiency with multistep drug release under laser irradiation. In an in vitro assay, composite hydrogel provides good antibacterial potency against Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most prevalent microorganisms of dangerous gas gangrene. A bacterial-infected rat full-thickness wound model demonstrates that the NIR-responsive composite hydrogel inhibits the bacteria colonization and suppresses the inflammatory response caused by bacteria, promoting angiogenesis and collagen deposition to accelerate wound regeneration. The NIR-responsive composite hydrogel has a great potential as an antibacterial wound dressing functionalized with controlled multistep treatment of the infected sites.

Post-traumatic psychological intervention in college athletes / Intervenção psicológica pós-traumática em atletas universitários / Intervención psicológica postraumática en deportistas universitarios

ABSTRACT Introduction: Injuries will always be with an athlete throughout their career. When analyzing the factors that cause athletic injuries, their coaches usually consider environmental and physical training factors, ignoring psychological factors. Objective: Investigate the mental health status of college athletes after serious injuries during competition, discussing the impact of sports injuries on athletes' mental health. Methods: Twelve college athletes were selected as research volunteers. They were divided into two groups by randomization. The control group was followed by traditional psychotherapy while the experimental group received the post-traumatic mental intervention. A comparison was carried out and mainly the general situation of sports injuries and the effect of intervention treatment were analyzed. The impact of psychological intervention methods on athletes' mental health after injuries were also studied using mathematical statistics to analyze the data. Results: There were significant differences in STAI scores in the experimental group before and after the intervention. BFS scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group before and after an intervention. There was no significant difference in the indicators in the control group. Conclusion: Post-traumatic psychological intervention positively affects the mental health recovery of college athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Os ferimentos estarão sempre com um atleta durante toda a sua carreira. Ao analisar os fatores que causam as lesões atléticas, seus treinadores geralmente consideram fatores ambientais e de treinamento físico, ignorando os fatores psicológicos. Objetivo: Investigar o estado de saúde mental dos atletas universitários após as lesões graves durante as competições, discutindo o impacto das lesões esportivas sobre a saúde mental dos atletas. Métodos: Foram selecionados 12 atletas universitários como voluntários de pesquisa. Eles foram divididos em dois grupos por randomização. O grupo de controle foi acompanhado pela psicoterapia tradicional enquanto o grupo experimental recebeu intervenção mental pós-traumática. Foi efetuada a comparação e analisada principalmente a situação geral das lesões esportivas e o efeito do tratamento de intervenção. O impacto dos métodos de intervenção psicológica sobre a saúde mental dos atletas após lesões também foi estudado utilizando o método de estatística matemática que é usado para analisar os dados. Resultados: Houve diferenças significativas na pontuação do STAI no grupo experimental antes e depois da intervenção. Os índices de BFS no grupo experimental foram significativamente maiores do que os do grupo de controle antes e depois de uma intervenção. Não houve diferença significativa nos indicadores do grupo de controle. Conclusão: A intervenção psicológica pós-traumática tem um efeito positivo sobre a recuperação da saúde mental dos atletas universitários. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las lesiones siempre acompañarán a un deportista a lo largo de su carrera. Al analizar los factores que causan las lesiones deportivas, los entrenadores suelen tener en cuenta los factores ambientales y de entrenamiento físico, ignorando los factores psicológicos. Objetivo: Investigar el estado de salud mental de los atletas universitarios después de sufrir lesiones graves durante las competiciones, analizando el impacto de las lesiones deportivas en la salud mental de los atletas. Métodos: Se seleccionaron doce atletas universitarios como voluntarios para la investigación. Se dividieron en dos grupos de forma aleatoria. El grupo de control recibió una psicoterapia tradicional, mientras que el grupo experimental recibió una intervención mental postraumática. Se realizó una comparación y se analizó principalmente la situación general de las lesiones deportivas y el efecto del tratamiento de intervención. También se estudió el impacto de los métodos de intervención psicológica en la salud mental de los deportistas después de las lesiones, utilizando el método de la estadística matemática para analizar los datos. Resultados: Hubo diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones del STAI en el grupo experimental antes y después de la intervención. Las puntuaciones del BFS en el grupo experimental fueron significativamente más altas que las del grupo de control antes y después de la intervención. No hubo diferencias significativas en los indicadores del grupo de control. Conclusión: La intervención psicológica postraumática tiene un efecto positivo en la recuperación de la salud mental de los deportistas universitarios. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Tumor microenvironment-responsive delivery nanosystems reverse immunosuppression for enhanced CO gas/immunotherapy.

Carbon monoxide (CO) gas therapy demonstrates great potential to induce cancer cell apoptosis and antitumor immune responses, which exhibits tremendous potential in cancer treatment. However, the therapeutic efficacy of CO therapy is inhibited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, a facile strategy is proposed to construct hollow-structured rough nanoplatforms to boost antitumor immunity and simultaneously reverse immunosuppression by exploring intrinsic immunomodulatory properties and morphological optimization of nanomaterials. The TME-responsive delivery nanosystems (M-RMH) are developed by encapsulating the CO prodrug within hollow rough MnO2 nanoparticles and the subsequent surface functionalization with hyaluronic acid (HA). Rough surfaces are designed to facilitate the intrinsic properties of HA-functionalized MnO2 nanoparticles (RMH) to induce dendritic cell maturation and M1 macrophage polarization by STING pathway activation and hypoxia alleviation through enhanced cellular uptake. After TME-responsive degradation of RMH, controlled release of CO is triggered at the tumor site for CO therapy to activate antitumor immunity. More importantly, RMH could modulate immunosuppressive TME by hypoxia alleviation. After the combination with aPD-L1-mediated checkpoint blockade therapy, robust antitumor immune responses are found to inhibit both primary and distant tumors. This work provides a facile strategy to construct superior delivery nanosystems for enhanced CO/immunotherapy through efficient activation of antitumor immune responses and reversal of immunosuppression.

Biomimetic electrodynamic nanoparticles comprising ginger-derived extracellular vesicles for synergistic anti-infective therapy.

Nanotechnology enlightens promising antibacterial strategies while the complex in vivo infection environment poses a great challenge to the rational design of nanoplatforms for safe and effective anti-infective therapy. Herein, a biomimetic nanoplatform (EV-Pd-Pt) integrating electrodynamic Pd-Pt nanosheets and natural ginger-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) is proposed. The introduction of ginger-derived EVs greatly endows EV-Pd-Pt with prolonged blood circulation without immune clearance, as well as accumulation at infection sites. More interestingly, EV-Pd-Pt can enter the interior of bacteria in an EV lipid-dependent manner. At the same time, reactive oxygen species are sustainably generated in situ to overcome the limitations of their short lifetime and diffusion distance. Notably, EV-Pd-Pt nanoparticle-mediated electrodynamic and photothermal therapy exhibit synergistic effects. Furthermore, the desirable biocompatibility and biosafety of the proposed nanoplatform guarantee the feasibility of in vivo applications. This proof-of-concept work holds significant promise for developing biomimetic nanoparticles by exploiting their intrinsic properties for synergistic anti-infective therapy.

Three-Dimensional Printing Properties of Polysaccharide Hydrocolloids-Unrinsed Sturgeon Surimi Complex Hydrogels.

Herein, the microstructure and mechanical properties of hydrogels consisting of unrinsed sturgeon surimi (URSS) and plant-derived polysaccharides such as κ-carrageenan (KC), konjac gum (KG), xanthan gum (XG), guar gum (GG) and sodium alginate (SA), were studied by texture analysis, rheological measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Rheological results showed that the apparent viscosity, storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G″) of URSS increased by addition of KC, KG, GG and SA. The gel strength of resultant surimi products fabricated with KG/URSS mixture was significantly higher than that of other groups. KG could significantly improve the hardness (44.14 ± 1.14 N), chewiness (160.34 ± 8.33 mJ) and cohesiveness (0.56 ± 0.02) of the unrinsed surimi gel. Adding SA and KC had no significant effect on the textural characteristics of printed gels. However, an apparent decrease in the relevant mechanical properties of printed hydrogels was observed when XG and GG were added into surimi. SEM indicated that the incorporation of KG and KC could further integrate the gel structure of URSS as compared to hindering the cross-linking of surimi protein by XG and GG, which were in accordance with gel strength and water-holding capacity. These results provided useful information to regulate the 3D printing performance in functionalized surimi-based material.

Synthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile imines with ninhydrin-derived Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates.

An effective synthetic method for 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction has been developed. This reaction could smoothly proceed between ninhydrin-derived Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates and nitrilimines to provide a wide scope of differently substituted pyrazoles in high yields (up to 95%). In addition, the reaction mechanism was also proposed to explain its regioselectivity.

[Retracted] miR­202 functions as a tumor suppressor in non­small cell lung cancer by targeting STAT3.

Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editors' attention by a concerned reader that certain of the cell migration assay data shown in Fig. 2C were strikingly similar to data that had appeared in different form in another article by different authors. Owing to the fact that the contentious data in the above article had already been published elsewhere prior to its submission to Molecular Medicine Reports, the Editor has decided that this paper should be retracted from the Journal. The authors were asked for an explanation to account for these concerns, but the Editorial Office did not receive a reply. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [Molecular Medicine Reports 16: 2281­2289, 2017; DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6841].