Selenium Improves Arsenic-Induced Male Reproductive Dysfunction by Regulating H3K14ac Level.

Arsenic exposure has been known to be associated with male reproduction injury. Exploring the antidote of arsenic and ascertaining proper dose of antidote are important for detoxifying the male reproductive toxicity of arsenic. Selenium, which is essential for the male reproduction and spermatogenesis, can alleviate the toxicity of many environmental toxins, such as metals, and fluoride (F). Selenium relieves arsenic-induced reductions in spermatogenesis index and testicular function marker enzymes via promoting the antioxidative ability of rats. Our previous study has found that arsenic can induce male reproductive toxicity by affecting the level of H3K14ac in the testis, so we further investigate whether selenium can antagonize arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity through the H3K14ac pathway and ascertain the appropriate dose of selenium. The results show that selenium intervention reduces the accumulation of arsenic in rat testis probably attributing to promote the excretion of arsenic from rat, then improves the testis injury induced by arsenic. Selenium intervention enhances sperm quality, testosterone level, and expression of steroidogenic genes by regulating H3K14ac level and expression of its associated enzymes (KAT2A, BAZ2A, and HDAC6), and thus alleviates the male reproductive toxicity of arsenic, and the proper dose of Se for mitigating arsenic male reproductive toxicity is 1 mg/kg.

Oreonectes yuedongensis (Cypriniformes, Nemacheilidae), a new freshwater fish species from the Lianhua Mountains in eastern Guangdong, China.

In this work, we describe a new species of the genus Oreonectes, Oreonectes yuedongensis sp. nov., collected from the Lianhua Mountains in eastern Guangdong, China. Phylogenetic trees constructed based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene showed that this new species represents an independent evolutionary lineage, with uncorrected genetic distances (Kimura 2-parameter model) from congeners ranging from 5.1% to 8.3%. In addition, nuclear DNA analysis indicated O. yuedongensis as an independent lineage separate from its closely related species. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from other six species in the genus Oreonectes by a combination of serial characters. The description of this new species suggests that it is necessary to reassess the biodiversity of Oreonectes platycephalus as a complex, especially in the middle reaches of the Pearl River near the border between Guangdong and Guangxi. Morphological and genetic evidence supports O. yenlingi as a synonym of O. platycephalus.

A meta-analysis of the consequences of cognitive training on the cognitive function of aged mild cognitive impairment patients.

Cognitive training has gained popularity as a means to aid older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a transitional phase between normal ageing and Alzheimer's disease (AD). MCI represents a critical and potentially reversible state that can either improve or progress to full-blown dementia. This study aims to evaluate the impact of cognitive training on cognitive function in aged patients with MCI. PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases were systematically retrieved from inception until May 2024. We rigorously applied the risk-of-bias methodology recommended by the Cochrane Handbook to assess the quality of the included studies. After two rounds of screening and removing duplicates, a total of 2685 articles were initially identified, from which 28 met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis included 28 randomised controlled trials with 1960 participants. In this meta-analysis, Review Manager 5.4 was used for statistical analysis. Findings revealed that cognitive training significantly improved the global cognitive function in aged MCI patients, as evidenced by the results of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (standard mean difference (SMD) = 3.26; 95% CI, 2.69-3.82; P < 0.00001) and Mini-Mental State Examination (SMD = 2.27; 95% CI, 1.52-3.01; P < 0.00001). The beneficial effects of cognitive training interventions were consistent regardless of duration, including periods of 2 months or less (SMD = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.25-2.63; P < 0.00001), 2 to 6 months (SMD = 2.53; 95% CI, 1.52-3.53; P < 0.00001), and over 6 months (SMD = 4.12; 95% CI, 0.97-7.27; P = 0.01). The analysis indicates that cognitive training significantly benefits overall cognitive function, delayed memory, orientation, attention, and language skills in aged patients with MCI. Furthermore, cognitive training interventions are effective in enhancing cognitive function, irrespective of their duration.

Genome sequence of the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner, 1897), is an agricultural pest that causes damage to plants in the Poaceae (the grasses) family, such as sorghum and sugarcane. Here, we used Nanopore long reads and Hi-C interaction map to generate a chromosome-level assembly with a total length of 356.1 Mb, of which 85.5% (304.6 Mb) is contained within the three autosomes and the X chromosome. Repetitive sequences accounted for 16.29% of the chromosomes and a total of 12,530 protein-coding genes were annotated, achieving 95.8% benchmarking universal single-copy orthologs (BUSCO) gene completeness. This offers a substantial improvement compared to previous low-quality genomic resources. Phylogenomic analysis by comparing M. sacchari with twenty-four published aphid genomes representing three aphid tribes reveals that M. sacchari belongs to the tribe Aphidini and maintained a conserved chromosome structure with other Aphidini species. The high-quality genomic resources reported in this study will be useful for understanding the evolution of aphid genomes and studying pest management of M. sacchari.

Repair Engineering of Crystal Structure in van der Waals Materials by Probe Electron Beam.

The advancement of electronic technology has led to increasing research on performance and stability. Continuous electrical pulse stimulation can cause crystal structure changes, affecting performance and accelerating aging. Controlled repair of these defects is crucial. In this study, we investigated crystal structure changes in van der Waals (vdW) InSe crystals under continuous electric pulses by using electron beam lithography (EBL) and spherical aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy (Cs-TEM). Results show that electrical pulses induce amorphous regions in the InSe lattice, increasing the device resistance. We used Cs-STEM probe scanning for precise repair, abbreviated SPRT, to optimize device performance. SPRT is related to electric fields induced by the electron beam and can be applied to other 2D materials like α-In2Se3 and CrSe2, offering a potential approach to extend device lifespan.

Quercetin promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblast cells by regulating the miR-149-3p/AKT1 axis.

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) has a complex pathogenesis with an increasing prevalence and is one of the most intractable clinical challenges in the field of reproductive medicine. Quercetin (QCT) is an effective active ingredient extracted from Semen Cuscutae and Herba Taxilli used in traditional Chinese medicine for tonifyng the kidneys and promoting fetal restoration. Although QCT helps improve adverse pregnancy outcomes, the specific mechanism remains unclear. The trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo cultured in vitro was treated with different concentrations of QCT, and the cell counting kit-8 assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, and western blotting were used to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of QCT on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells, respectively. To assess the expression levels of miR-149-3p and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting analysis were performed. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to investigate the potential regulatory relationship between miR-149-3p and AKT1. Our results showed that QCT promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblast cells, promoted the expression of MMP2, MMP9, and vimentin, and downregulated the expression of E-cadherin. Mechanistically, QCT downregulated the expression of miR-149-3p and upregulated the expression of AKT1, and miR-149-3p directly targets AKT1, negatively regulating its expression. Overexpression of miR-149-3p and silencing of AKT1 counteracted the promotional effects of QCT on trophoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion. Taken together, QCT regulates the migration and invasion abilities of HTR-8/SVneo cells through the miR-149-3p/AKT1 axis, which may provide a promising therapeutic approach for RSA.

Solamargine acts as an antiviral by interacting to MZF1 and targeting the core promoter of the hepatitis B virus gene.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a serious threat to global health and can lead to a variety of liver diseases, including acute and chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and so on. At present, there are mainly two kinds of drugs for the treatment of hepatitis B at home and abroad: interferon (IFN) and nucleoside/nucleotide analogs (NAs). In recent years, natural compounds have been considered an important source for the development of new anti-HBV drugs due to their complex structure, diverse components, high efficiency, and low toxicity. Many studies have demonstrated that Solamargine has significant anticancer activity, but the antiviral effect is rarely studied. This study aimed to verify the anti-HBV effect of Solamargine and to explore the specific mechanism. METHOD: The relative expression of HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) was detected by reverse transcription real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Northern blot and western blot were used to detect the relative expression of HBV pgRNA and target protein. PCR was used in the construction of HBV pg-promoter, ENII/BCP, and a series of gene deletion mutant fluorescent reporter vectors. The fluorescence relative expression of each mutant was detected by Renilla luciferase assay. RESULTS: By binding to MZF1 (Myeloid zinc finger protein 1, MZF1), Solamargine inhibits HBV core promoter activity, reduces pregenomic RNA level, and inhibits HBV, achieving antiviral effects.

Efficient biosynthesis of active hemoglobins through enhancing the import of heme in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Hemoglobins, with heme as a cofactor, are functional proteins that have extensive applications in the fields of artificial oxygen carriers and foods. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an ideal host for hemoglobin synthesis, it lacks a suitable transport system to utilize additional heme for active expression of hemoglobins, resulting in the cellular aggregation and degradation of the latter. Here, an effective heme importer, heme-responsive gene 4 (Hrg-4), was selected from six candidates through the comparison of effects on the growth rates of Δhem1 S. cerevisiae strain and the activities of various hemoglobins when supplemented with 5 mg·L-1 exogenous heme. Additionally, to counter the instability of plasmid-based expression and the metabolic burden introduced from overexpressing Hrg-4, a series of hrg-4 integrated strains were constructed and the best engineered strain with five copies of hrg-4 was chosen. We found that this engineered strain was associated with an increased binding rate of heme in monomeric leghemoglobin and multimeric human hemoglobin (76.3% and 16.5%, respectively), as well as an enhanced expression of both hemoglobins (52.8% and 17.0%, respectively). Thus, the engineered strain with improved heme uptake can be used to efficiently synthesize other heme-binding proteins and enzymes in S. cerevisiae.

Combining transcriptome and metabolome analysis to understand the response of sorghum to Melanaphis sacchari.

BACKGROUND: The sorghum aphid Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Homoptera: Aphididae) is an important insect in the late growth phase of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). However, the mechanisms of sorghum response to aphid infestation are unclear. RESULTS: In this paper, the mechanisms of aphid resistance in different types of sorghum varieties were revealed by studying the epidermal cell structure and performing a transcriptome and metabolome association analysis of aphid-resistant and aphid-susceptible varieties. The epidermal cell results showed that the resistance of sorghum to aphids was positively correlated with epidermal cell regularity and negatively correlated with the intercellular space and leaf thickness. Transcriptome and metabolomic analyses showed that differentially expressed genes in the resistant variety HN16 and susceptible variety BTX623 were mainly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and differentially expressed metabolites were mainly related to isoflavonoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis. The q-PCR results of key genes were consistent with the transcriptome expression results. Meanwhile, the metabolome test results showed that after aphidinfestation, naringenin and genistein were significantly upregulated in the aphid-resistant variety HN16 and aphid-susceptible variety BTX623 while luteolin was only significantly upregulated in BTX623. These results show that naringenin, genistein, and luteolin play important roles in plant resistance to aphid infestation. The results of exogenous spraying tests showed that a 1‰ concentration of naringenin and genistein is optimal for improving sorghum resistance to aphid feeding. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the physical properties of the sorghum leaf structure related to aphid resistance were studied to provide a reference for the breeding of aphid-resistant varieties. The flavonoid biosynthesis pathway plays an important role in the response of sorghum aphids and represents an important basis for the biological control of these pests. The results of the spraying experiment provide insights for developing anti-aphid substances in the future.

LoRA-TV: read depth profile-based clustering of tumor cells in single-cell sequencing.

Single-cell sequencing has revolutionized our ability to dissect the heterogeneity within tumor populations. In this study, we present LoRA-TV (Low Rank Approximation with Total Variation), a novel method for clustering tumor cells based on the read depth profiles derived from single-cell sequencing data. Traditional analysis pipelines process read depth profiles of each cell individually. By aggregating shared genomic signatures distributed among individual cells using low-rank optimization and robust smoothing, the proposed method enhances clustering performance. Results from analyses of both simulated and real data demonstrate its effectiveness compared with state-of-the-art alternatives, as supported by improvements in the adjusted Rand index and computational efficiency.

Developing a novel heme biosensor to produce high-active hemoproteins in Pichia pastoris through comparative transcriptomics.

The development of a heme-responsive biosensor for dynamic pathway regulation in eukaryotes has never been reported, posing a challenge for achieving the efficient synthesis of multifunctional hemoproteins and maintaining intracellular heme homeostasis. Herein, a biosensor containing a newly identified heme-responsive promoter, CRISPR/dCas9, and a degradation tag N-degron was designed and optimized to fine-tune heme biosynthesis in the efficient heme-supplying Pichia pastoris P1H9 chassis. After identifying literature-reported promoters insensitive to heme, the endogenous heme-responsive promoters were mined by transcriptomics, and an optimal biosensor was screened from different combinations of regulatory elements. The dynamic regulation pattern of the biosensor was validated by the transcriptional fluctuations of the HEM2 gene involved in heme biosynthesis and the subsequent responsive changes in intracellular heme titers. We demonstrate the efficiency of this regulatory system by improving the production of high-active porcine myoglobin and soy hemoglobin, which can be used to develop artificial meat and artificial metalloenzymes. Moreover, these findings can offer valuable strategies for the synthesis of other hemoproteins.

The modification of heme special importer to improve the production of active hemoglobins in Escherichia coli.

To enhance the import of heme for the production of active hemoproteins in Escherichia coli C41 (DE3) lacking the special heme import system, heme receptor ChuA from E. coli Nissle 1917 was modified through molecular docking and the other components (ChuTUV) for heme import was overexpressed, while heme import was tested through growth assay and heme sensor HS1 detection. A ChuA mutant G360K was selected, which could import 3.91 nM heme, compared with 2.92 nM of the wild-type ChuA. In addition, it presented that the expression of heme transporters ChuTUV was not necessary for heme import. Based on the modification of ChuA (G360K), the titer of human hemoglobin and the peroxidase activity of leghemoglobin reached 1.19 µg g-1 DCW and 24.16 103 U g-1 DCW, compared with 1.09 µg g-1 DCW and 21.56 103 U g-1 DCW of the wild-type ChuA, respectively. Heme import can be improved through the modification of heme receptor and the engineered strain with improved heme import has a potential to efficiently produce high-active hemoproteins.

Quantitative proteomics investigating the intrinsic adaptation mechanism of Aeromonas hydrophila to streptomycin.

Aeromonas hydrophila, a prevalent pathogen in the aquaculture industry, poses significant challenges due to its drug-resistant strains. Moreover, residues of antibiotics like streptomycin, extensively employed in aquaculture settings, drive selective bacterial evolution, leading to the progressive development of resistance to this agent. However, the underlying mechanism of its intrinsic adaptation to antibiotics remains elusive. Here, we employed a quantitative proteomics approach to investigate the differences in protein expression between A. hydrophila under streptomycin (SM) stress and nonstress conditions. Notably, bioinformatics analysis unveiled the potential involvement of metal pathways, including metal cluster binding, iron-sulfur cluster binding, and transition metal ion binding, in influencing A. hydrophila's resistance to SM. Furthermore, we evaluated the sensitivity of eight gene deletion strains related to streptomycin and observed the potential roles of petA and AHA_4705 in SM resistance. Collectively, our findings enhance the understanding of A. hydrophila's response behavior to streptomycin stress and shed light on its intrinsic adaptation mechanism.

Liver Involvement is Associated with Higher Risk of Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease and Mortality in Anti-Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5 Antibody- Positive Dermatomyositis.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess liver involvement and investigate its correlation with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) and mortality in anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive (anti-MDA5 positive) DM patients. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included 159 patients diagnosed with anti-MDA5 positive DM or anti-synthetase syndrome (ASyS). Clinical features and laboratory findings were compared between patients with anti-MDA5 positive DM and patients with ASyS. In the anti-MDA5 positive DM cohort, clinical features and laboratory findings between patients with liver involvement and without liver involvement were further compared. The effects of liver involvement on the overall survival (OS) and development of RP-ILD were also analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. Results: Levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transferase (γGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were all significantly higher in patients with anti-MDA5 positive DM than those in patients with ASyS. In our cohort of anti-MDA5 positive DM patents, 31 patients (34.4%) were complicated with liver involvement. Survival analysis revealed that serum ferritin >1030.0 ng/mL (p<0.001), ALT >103.0 U/l (p<0.001), AST >49.0 U/l (p<0.001), γGT >82.0 U/l (p<0.001), ALP >133.0 U/l (p<0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)>474.0 U/l (p<0.001), plasma albumin (ALB) <35.7 g/l (p<0.001) and direct bilirubin (DBIL) >2.80 µmol/l (p=0.002) predicted poor prognosis. The incidence of RP-ILD increased remarkably in patients with liver involvement compared to patients without liver involvement (58.1% vs 22.0%, p=0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that elevated serum ALT level was an independent risk factor for mortality (HR 6.0, 95% CI 2.3, 16.2, p<0.001) and RP-ILD (HR 5.9, 95% CI 2.2, 15.9, p<0.001) in anti-MDA5 positive DM patents. Conclusion: Liver involvement is common in patients with anti-MDA5 positive DM. Elevated serum ALT level was an independent risk factor for RP-ILD and mortality in patients with anti-MDA5 positive DM.

Rational Design of Key Enzymes to Efficiently Synthesize Phycocyanobilin in Escherichia coli.

Phycocyanobilin (PCB) is a natural blue tetrapyrrole chromophore that is found in phycocyanin and plays an essential role in photosynthesis. Due to PCB's antioxidation, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, it has been utilized in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Currently, the extraction of PCB from Spirulina involves complex processes, which has led to increasing interest in the biosynthesis of PCB in Escherichia coli. However, the PCB titer remains low because of the poor activity of key enzymes and the insufficient precursor supply. Here, the synthesis of PCB was firstly improved by screening the optimal heme oxygenase (HO) from Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1(HOT) and PCB: ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (PcyAS). In addition, based on a rational design and the infrared fluorescence method for high-throughput screening, the mutants of HOT(F29W/K166D) and PcyAS(D220G/H74M) with significantly higher activities were obtained. Furthermore, a DNA scaffold was applied in the assembly of HOT and PcyAS mutants to reduce the spatial barriers, and the heme supply was enhanced via the moderate overexpression of hemB and hemH, resulting in the highest PCB titer (184.20 mg/L) obtained in a 5 L fermenter. The strategies applied in this study lay the foundation for the industrial production of PCB and its heme derivatives.

The High-Throughput Screening of Microorganisms to Eliminate Ethyl Carbamate in Chinese Liquor.

Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a 2A classified carcinogen in Chinese liquor that has raised many problems regarding food safety. Applying microorganisms to control the content of EC precursors in fermented grains has been proven as an effective method to reduce EC in alcoholic beverages. However, the utilization of microorganisms to decrease the precursors of EC (urea and cyanide) is still incomplete in regard to Chinese liquor. Thus, it is necessary to isolate strains with the degradative activities of urea and cyanide. Herein, Bacillus sonorensis F3 and Bacillus licheniformis YA2 strains were isolated from the fermented grains through multiple rounds of high-throughput screening, and the degradative abilities in urea and cyanide reached 95.72% and 75.48%, respectively. In addition, the urease from the B. sonorensis F3 strain and the carbon nitrogen hydrolase from the B. licheniformis YA2 strain were identified by the heterogeneous expression in Escherichia coli. Then, both F3 and YA2 strains were combined at a ratio of 5:1 and applied to eliminate the EC in the simulated fermentation of Chinese liquor; as a result, 51.10% of EC was reduced without affecting the main composition of flavor substances. The obtained strains have great potential in terms of the improvement of quality and safety of Chinese liquor.

3D printing sequentially strengthening high-strength natural polymer hydrogel bilayer scaffold for cornea regeneration.

3D printing of high-strength natural polymer biodegradable hydrogel scaffolds simultaneously resembling the biomechanics of corneal tissue and facilitating tissue regeneration remains a huge challenge due to the inherent brittleness of natural polymer hydrogels and the demanding requirements of printing. Herein, concentrated aqueous solutions of gelatin and carbohydrazide-modified alginate (Gel/Alg-CDH) are blended to form a natural polymer hydrogel ink, where the hydrazides in Alg-CDH are found to form strong hydrogen bonds with the gelatin. The hydrogen-bonding-strengthened Gel/Alg-CDH hydrogel demonstrates an appropriate thickened viscosity and shear thinning for extrusion printing. The strong hydrogen bonds contribute to remarkably increased mechanical properties of Gel/Alg-CDH hydrogel with a maximum elongation of over 400%. In addition, sequentially Ca2+-physical crosslinking and then moderately chemical crosslinking significantly enhance the mechanical properties of Gel/Alg-CDH hydrogels that ultimately exhibit an intriguing J-shaped stress-strain curve (tensile strength of 1.068 MPa and the toughness of 677.6 kJ/m2). The dually crosslinked Gel-Alg-CDH-Ca2+-EDC hydrogels demonstrate a high transparency, physiological swelling stability and rapid enzymatic degradability, as well as suturability. The growth factor and drug-loaded biomimetic bilayer hydrogel scaffold are customized via a multi-nozzle printing system. This bioactive bilayer hydrogel scaffold considerably promotes regeneration of corneal epithelium and stroma and inhibits cornea scarring in rabbit cornea keratoplasty.

An Analysis of Preoperative Inflammatory Indicators That Influence the Drainage Tube Retention Time in Patients with Breast Cancer Surgery.

Objective: The study was aimed to investigate the influence factor between preoperative inflammatory indicators and drainage tube retention time in patients with breast cancer. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 121 patients with breast cancer who were undergoing surgery between October 2020 and June 2021. The enumeration data were used the Chi-square test, and the measurement data were used the t-test analysis. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to access the risk factors for affecting drainage tube retention time in patients with breast cancer. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was performed to test the prediction effect of the model. Results: Through the median extraction time of postoperative drainage tube retention time, all patients were divided into two groups: drainage tube retention time (DTRT) < 13 (d) and drainage tube retention time (DTRT) ≥ 13 (d). The results showed that type of surgery, total lymph nodes (TLN), pathological T stage, NLR were related to the drainage tube retention time (P<0.05). Moreover, the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis performed that Hb, type of surgery, pathological T stage, chest wall drainage tube, NRI were the independent risk predictors of affecting drainage tube retention time. Furthermore, a significant correlation existed between NRI and drainage tube retention at different times (P < 0.05). Conclusion: NRI is an independent risk factor for postoperative drainage tube extraction time and can effectively predict the probability of drainage tube retention time. Thus, it can also provide personalized nursing intervention for patients with breast cancer after drainage tube retention time and the rehabilitation process.

Unveiling the antibacterial mechanism of resveratrol against Aeromonas hydrophila through proteomics analysis.

This investigation delves into elucidating the mechanism by which resveratrol (Res), a natural polyterpenoid renowned for its antimicrobial properties, exerts its effects on Aeromonas hydrophila, a ubiquitous waterborne pathogen. Our findings underscore the dose-dependent manifestation of resveratrol in exhibiting antibacterial and antibiofilm formation activities against A. hydrophila. Employing a Data-independent acquisition (DIA) based quantitative proteomics methodology, we systematically compared differentially expressed proteins in A. hydrophila subjected to varying concentrations of Res. Subsequent bioinformatics analyses revealed key proteins and pathways pivotal in resveratrol's antimicrobial action, encompassing oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and cell membrane integrity. Validation of the proteomics outcomes was meticulously conducted using the qPCR method at the mRNA level. Dynamic trend analysis unveiled alterations in biological processes, notably the correlation between the cell division-related protein ZapC and resveratrol content. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy corroborated a significant elongation of A. hydrophila cells, affirming resveratrol's capability to inhibit cell division. In concert, resveratrol emerges as a participant in the cell membrane integrity pathway, biofilm formation, and potentially, the regulation of genes associated with cell division, resulting in morphological elongation. These revelations position resveratrol as a promising natural alternative to conventional antibiotics for treating A. hydrophila infections.

Wet environment-induced adhesion and softening of coenzyme-based polymer elastic patch for treating periodontitis.

Periodontitis, a common chronic inflammatory disease caused by pathogenic bacteria, can be treated with diverse biomaterials by loading drugs, cytokines or proteins. However, these biomaterials often show unsatisfactory therapeutic efficiency due to their poor adhesion, short residence time in the wet and dynamic oral cavity and emerging drug resistance. Here we report a wet-responsive methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)-stabilized co-enzyme polymer poly(α-lipoic acid) (PolyLA)-based elastic patch with water-induced adhesion and softening features. In PolyLA-GelMA, the multiple covalent and hydrogen-bonding crosslinking between PolyLA and GelMA prevent PolyLA depolymerization and slow down the dissociation of PolyLA in water, allowing durable adhesion to oral periodontal tissue and continuous release of LA-based bioactive small molecule in periodontitis wound without resorting external drugs. Compared with the undifferentiated adhesion behavior of traditional adhesives, this wet-responsive patch demonstrates a favorable periodontal pocket insertion ability due to its non-adhesion and rigidity in dry environment. In vitro studies reveal that PolyLA-GelMA patch exhibits satisfactory wet tissue adhesion, antibacterial, blood compatibility and ROS scavenging abilities. In the model of rat periodontitis, the PolyLA-GelMA patch inhibits alveolar bone resorption and accelerates the periodontitis healing by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment. This biomacromolecule-stabilized coenzyme polymer patch provides a new option to promote periodontitis treatment.