Additions to the Knowledge of the Genus Pezicula (Dermateaceae, Helotiales, Ascomycota) in China.

We describe two new species of Pezicula (Dermateaceae, Ascomycota), P. ellipsoides and P. fusispora, which are discovered in China. Pezicula ellipsoides sp. nov. is distinct in producing 2-3 stipitate apothecia on a basal stroma with a light yellow hymenium, broadly ellipsoid 0-1(-2)-septate ascospores, and divergent DNA sequence data. Pezicula fusispora sp. nov. is characterized by sessile apothecia, 0.3-0.8 mm in diam, a yellowish hymenium, J+ asci 135-170 × 15-21 µm, multiseptate ascospores, 33-48 × 7-10.3 µm, and growing on rotten bamboo. In addition, Pezicula acericola and P. carpinea are reported for the first time from China, and 11 Pezicula species previously reported from China are reviewed and briefly noted, of which one was a misidentified species. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from ITS nrDNA sequences confirm the placement of P. ellipsoides and P. cinnamomea in the genus Pezicula.

The Genus Chlorosplenium (Helotiales, Leotiomycetes) from China with Notes on C. chlora Complex.

The small fruitbodies of Chlorosplenium are greenish yellow and mainly grow on woody substrates. The species diversity of the genus in China was investigated based on specimens formerly deposited in the Herbarium Mycologicum Academiae Sinicae as well as new collections gained in recent years. Our phylogenetic results revealed the species diversity of the genus is underestimated and the commonly known Chlorosplenium chlora is a species complex. Based on morphology studies and sequence analyses of three regions (ITS, LSU and RPB1), the Chinese collections represent two new species which are described and illustrated here as C. sinicum and C. sinochlora. Chlorosplenium fusisporum is quite possibly a species of the genus Chlorociboria, and C. hyperici-maculati should be excluded from the genus.

Ascomycetes from the Qilian Mountains, China - Hypocreales.

To investigate fungi from the Qilian Mountains in Gansu Province, ascomycetous specimens were collected and hypocrealean fungi were examined. Eighteen species belonging to six genera in the families Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae were identified, including 11 species of Hypomyces and Trichoderma in Hypocreaceae and seven species of Nectria, Stylonectria, Thelonectria, and Thyronectria in Nectriaceae. Among them, Stylonectria qilianshanensis and Trichoderma gansuanum are new to science. DNA sequence analyses of combined ACL1, ITS, RPB2, and TEF1 regions confirmed their taxonomic placements. Morphological distinctions between the new species and their close relatives are discussed. Hypomyces tremellicola is reported for the first time in China.

Three new species of Dicephalospora from China as revealed by morphological and molecular evidences.

Three new species of Dicephalospora are introduced based on morphological characters and DNA sequence analyses (maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining methods), viz. D.albolutea, D.shennongjiana, and D.yunnanica. All of them lack mucilaginous caps at ascospore poles. Dicephalosporaalbolutea is distinguished by cream to yellowish white apothecia and slightly curved ascospores. Dicephalosporashennongjiana is characterized by yellow apothecia, elliptical-fusoid ascospores 19-22 × 7-8.8 µm, and J+ asci 130-150 × 14-16.5 µm. Dicephalosporayunnanica is distinguished by orange apothecia and fusoid ascospores 16.5-25.3 × 3.3-3.5 µm. Descriptions and illustrations of the new species as well as a key to the known species in the genus are provided.