[Progress in cohort study of children and adolescents health].

Cohort study of children and adolescents health is an ideal method to explore health-related problems from childhood to adulthood, to which more attention has been paid. This paper summarizes the progress in cohort study of children and adolescents health conducted both at home and abroad by introducing the study design, main contents. Emphasizing the international exchange and cohort integration, continuously expanding cohort research field, and using multi-source data for high-quality follow-up have become the trend of cohort study of children and adolescents health.

[Correctly performing manual supragingival scaling exercises-part of a series on basic training in periodontal diagnosis and treatment].

Cultivating dental general doctors who practice standardized periodontal diagnosis and treatment techniques is conducive to the prevention and control of periodontal diseases and the improvement of oral health of our population. Manual supragingival scaling is the most important basic skill of basic periodontal treatment, and it is the basic periodontal diagnosis and treatment technique that every oral general practitioner should know. This article starts from why manual supragingival scaling is important and how to standardize the teaching and training of manual supragingival scaling, and begin with the first chapter of basic periodontal diagnosis and treatment training, to provide reference for promoting the standardized development of periodontology teaching in China.

[Research advances on the mechanism of immune regulation of interferon in Aspergillus infection].

Pulmonary aspergillosis is a serious pulmonary fungal infectious disease. It is difficult to manage and has limited treatment options. Existing anti-aspergillus medications have high rates of treatment failure and increased drug resistance, making it difficult to meet the clinical requirements. Therefore, the development of new, effective treatment programs is critical. According to research, interferons play an important role in the body's immune response to bacterial and viral infectious diseases. Inadequate interferon expression or dysfunction can put the body at risk for certain infectious diseases. Interferon has been used in clinical trials to prevent or treat infectious diseases. In recent years, researchers have focused on the immunological role of interferon in Aspergillus infections and its potential for clinical application. This review summarized the most recent advances in the immunoregulatory mechanisms of interferon and its clinical application in Aspergillus infections.

[Epidemiological characteristics of fatal drowning and related factors in children in Zhejiang Province, 2022].

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of fatal drowning in children in Zhejiang Province in 2022, analyze factors such as the swimming ability of children, the caregiver behavior at drowning site, types of first aid personnel and methods of first aid of unintentional fatal drowning and provide evidence for targeted intervention. Methods: Using the "Survey Form of Fatal Drowning Case in Children" designed by National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention of the China CDC, we collected case information of children aged 0-17 years who died due to drowning in Zhejiang in 2022 from medical history/death investigation records, telephone interviews, and home visits. Results: A total of 341 fatal drowning cases in children occurred in Zhejiang in 2022 and 330 cases were investigated (96.77%). The male to female of the cases was 2.33∶1, most cases were aged 15-17 years and 0-4 years, and 54.24% of fatal drowning cases occurred in children from other provinces. In the drowning cases, 83.33% were unintentional ones, and the proportion of intentional fatal drowning cases in children increased with age. Fatal drowning cases mainly occurred in open natural water bodies and public water storage facilities. More fatal drowning cases occurred in open natural water bodies in older children, while more fatal drowning cases occurred in public water storage facilities in younger children. In 275 children who died due to unintentional drowning, 73.09% could not swim, and only 1.09% were fully supervised by adults within an arm's length. First aid personnel, mainly medical staffs, bystanders and adult caregivers, were present for 47.63% fatal drowning cases. The proportion of the cases who had cardiopulmonary resuscitation as the first aid within 5 minutes was 2.18%. Conclusions: Drowning poses a serious threat to children's lives and there are differences in reasons and locations of fatal drowning in children in different age groups in Zhejiang Province in 2022. It is necessary to conduct to interventions to improve children's swimming skills, strengthen effective adult care and conduct health education about field first aid of drowning to reduce the incidence of drowning and related deaths in children.

[Primary antibody deficiencies and respiratory manifestations in adults].

Primary antibody deficiencies (PAD) are a group of congenital disorders caused by genetic defects that affect the development and function of the body's immune defence mechanisms. Patients with PAD may present with recurrent infections, lymphoproliferation, autoimmune diseases, autoinflammation, or malignancies. Respiratory system manifestations may include bronchiectasis, bronchial asthma, and interstitial lung disease, among others. A comprehensive understanding of PADs will help to distinguish these covert cases from more common respiratory diseases.

[A prospective study of association between physical activity and ischemic stroke in adults].

Objective: To explore the prospective associations between physical activity and incident ischemic stroke in adults. Methods: Data of China Kadoorie Biobank study in Tongxiang of Zhejiang were used. After excluding participants with cancers, strokes, heart diseases and diabetes at baseline study, a total of 53 916 participants aged 30-79 years were included in the final analysis. The participants were divided into 5 groups according to the quintiles of their physical activity level. Cox proportional hazard regression models was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) for the analysis on the association between baseline physical activity level and risk for ischemic stroke. Results: The total physical activity level in the participants was (30.63±15.25) metabolic equivalent (MET)-h/d, and it was higher in men [(31.04±15.48) MET-h/d] than that in women [(30.33±15.07) MET-h/d] (P<0.001). In 595 526 person-years of the follow-up (average 11.4 years), a total of 1 138 men and 1 082 women were newly diagnosed with ischemic stroke. Compared to participants with the lowest physical activity level (<16.17 MET-h/d), after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, lifestyle, BMI, waist circumference, and SBP, the HRs for the risk for ischemic stroke in those with moderate low physical activity level (16.17-24.94 MET-h/d), moderate physical activity level (24.95-35.63 MET-h/d), moderate high physical activity level (35.64-43.86 MET-h/d) and the highest physical activity level (≥43.87 MET-h/d) were 0.93 (95%CI: 0.83-1.04), 0.87 (95%CI: 0.76-0.98), 0.82 (95%CI: 0.71-0.95) and 0.76 (95%CI: 0.64-0.89), respectively. Conclusion: Improving physical activity level has an effect on reducing the risk for ischemic stroke.

Evaluation of brain iron deposition in different cerebral arteries of acute ischaemic stroke patients using quantitative susceptibility mapping.

AIM: To investigate differences in iron deposition between infarct and normal cerebral arterial regions in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty healthy controls and 40 AIS patients were recruited, and their QSM images were obtained. There were seven regions of interest (ROIs) in AIS patients, including the infarct regions of responsible arteries (R1), the non-infarct regions of responsible arteries (R2), the contralateral symmetrical sites of lesions (R3), and the non-responsible cerebral arterial regions (R4, R5, R6, R7). For the healthy controls, the cerebral arterial regions corresponding to the AIS patient group were selected as ROIs. The differences in corresponding ROI susceptibilities between AIS patients and healthy controls and the differences in susceptibilities between infarcted and non-infarct regions in AIS patients were compared. RESULTS: The susceptibilities of infarct regions in AIS patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in non-infarct regions between the two groups (p>0.05). The susceptibility of the infarct regions in AIS patients was significantly higher than those of the non-infarct region of responsible artery and non-responsible cerebral arterial regions (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal iron deposition detected by QSM in the infarct regions of AIS patients may not affect iron levels in the non-infarct regions of responsible arteries and normal cerebral arteries, which may open the door for potential new diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Comparison of outcomes between preservation or division of the uterine round ligament in laparoscopic groin hernia repair in females: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis comparing the short-term and long-term outcomes in laparoscopic groin hernia repair with or without preservation of the uterine round ligament (URL) in females. METHODS: We searched several databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and and CNKI databases. This meta-analysis included randomized clinical trials, and retrospective comparative studies regarding preservation or division of the URL in laparoscopic groin hernia repair in females. Outcomes of interest were age, BMI, type of hernia, type of surgery, operating time, estimated blood loss, time of hospitalization, seroma, concomitant injury, mesh infection, recurrence, uterine prolapse, foreign body sensation, chronic pain, and pregnancy. Meta-analyses and trial sequential analysis were performed with Review Manager v5.3 and TSA software, respectively. RESULTS: Of 192 potentially eligible articles, 9 studies with 1104 participants met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. There were no significant difference in age (MD-6.58, 95% CI - 13.41 to 0.24; P = 0.06), BMI (MD 0.05, 95%CI - 0.31 to 0.40; P = 0.81), blood loss (MD-0.04, 95% CI - 0.75 to 0.66; P = 0.90), time of hospitalization (MD-0.22, 95% CI-1.13 to 0.69; P = 0.64), seroma (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.24; P = 0.23), concomitant injury (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.01 to 8.24; P = 0.68), mesh infection (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.01 to 2.61; P = 0.18), recurrence (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.18 to 7.25; P = 0.90), uterine prolapse(OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.07 to 6.94; P = 0.77), foreign body sensation (OR 1.95, 95% CI 0.53 to 7.23; P = 0.32) and chronic pain(OR 1.03 95% CI 0.4 to 2.69; P = 0.95). However, this meta-analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference in operating time (MD 6.62, 95% CI 2.20 to 11.04; P = 0.0003) between the preservation group and division group. Trial sequential analysis showed that the cumulative Z value of the operating time crossed the traditional boundary value and the TSA boundary value in the third study, and the cumulative sample size had reached the required information size (RIS), indicating that the current conclusion was stable. CONCLUSION: In summary, laparoscopic groin hernia repair in women with the preservation of the round uterine ligament requires a longer operating time, but there was no advantage in short-term or long-term complications, and there was no clear evidence on whether it causes infertility and uterine prolapse.

Sudomotor dysfunction is associated with impaired left ventricular diastolic function in persons with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of preserved ejection fraction heart failure has significantly increased in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is an early and important manifestation of preserved ejection fraction heart failure. The onset of heart failure in persons with diabetes is associated with diabetic neuropathy. However, the relationship among sudomotor function, which is an early manifestation of small fiber neuropathy, and LV diastolic function remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between sudomotor function and LV diastolic function in persons with T2DM. METHODS: In total, 699 persons with T2DM were enrolled and divided into three groups according to electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) assessed using the SUDOSCAN device: "no dysfunction" group (NSF), "moderate dysfunction" group (MDF), and "severe dysfunction" group (SDF). LV diastolic function was assessed using Doppler echocardiography. To evaluate the relationship between ESC and echocardiographic parameters, Pearson's correlation analysis was performed. Additionally, logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between LV diastolic function and ESC. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to evaluate the performance of sudomotor function indicators in detecting impaired cardiac diastolic function. RESULTS: There were 301 persons (43.06%) in the NSF group, 232 (33.19%) in the MDF group, and 166 (23.75%) in the SDF group. Compared to the NSF group, the MDF and SDF groups had higher A and E/e' and lower e' values (all p < 0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that A and E/e' were negatively associated with foot ESC (FESC) and hand ESC (HESC), whereas e' was positively associated with FESC and HESC (all p < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, binary logistic regression analysis showed that ESC was independently associated with impaired LV diastolic function (p = 0.003). The area under the ROC curve values for FESC and HESC were 0.621 and 0.635, respectively (both p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Deteriorating sudomotor function was associated with reduced diastolic function indicators. ESC can be used as a biomarker for detecting LV diastolic impairment.

Ang1/Tie2/VE-Cadherin Signaling Regulates DPSCs in Vascular Maturation.

Adding dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to vascular endothelial cell-formed vessel-like structures can increase the longevity of these vessel networks. DPSCs display pericyte-like cell functions and closely assemble endothelial cells (ECs). However, the mechanisms of DPSC-derived pericyte-like cells in stabilizing the vessel networks are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the functions of E-DPSCs, which were DPSCs isolated from the direct coculture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and DPSCs, and T-DPSCs, which were DPSCs treated by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1), in stabilizing blood vessels in vitro and in vivo. A 3-dimensional coculture spheroid sprouting assay was conducted to compare the functions of E-DPSCs and T-DPSCs in vitro. Dental pulp angiogenesis in the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model was used to explore the roles of E-DPSCs and T-DPSCs in vascularization in vivo. The results demonstrated that both E-DPSCs and T-DPSCs possess smooth muscle cell-like cell properties, exhibiting higher expression of the mural cell-specific markers and the suppression of HUVEC sprouting. E-DPSCs and T-DPSCs inhibited HUVEC sprouting by activating TEK tyrosine kinase (Tie2) signaling, upregulating vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, and downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). In vivo study revealed more perfused and total blood vessels in the HUVEC + E-DPSC group, HUVEC + T-DPSC group, angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) pretreated group, and vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) inhibitor pretreated group, compared to HUVEC + DPSC group. In conclusion, these data indicated that E-DPSCs and T-DPSCs could stabilize the newly formed blood vessels and accelerate their perfusion. The critical regulating pathways are Ang1/Tie2/VE-cadherin and VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling.

[Comorbidity of anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms among middle and high school students in Zhejiang Province].

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological patterns of comorbidity of anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms among middle and high school students in Zhejiang Province and to provide evidence for making strategy and evaluation of intervention. Methods: Through a multi-stage sampling design, 28 043 students from 376 schools in 30 counties/districts were recruited and surveyed using anonymous self-administered questionnaires in classrooms under the supervision of trained staff between April and June 2022. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using generalized Anxiety Disorders 7-Item Scale, and depression symptoms were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item Depression Scale. A total of 27 004 students were included in the final analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of comorbidity of anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms was 11.54% (95%CI: 10.90%-12.19%), higher among girls (15.42%, 95%CI: 14.47%- 16.38%) than boys (8.05%, 95%CI: 7.43%-8.67%) (P<0.001), higher among students living in rural areas (12.35%, 95%CI: 11.49%-13.22%) than those in urban areas (10.06%, 95%CI: 9.27%-10.86%) (P<0.001). The prevalence of comorbidity of students attending middle school, academic high school, and vocational high school was 11.73% (95%CI: 10.82%-12.64%), 12.49% (95%CI: 11.20%- 13.79%), and 9.98% (95%CI: 8.68%-11.27%), respectively (P=0.025). The prevalence of comorbidity was higher among students in divorced/widow/separated families (16.64%, 95%CI: 14.86%-18.43%) than those in intact families (10.82%, 95%CI: 10.14%-11.50%) (P<0.001). The wealthier the families, the lower the prevalence of comorbidity (P<0.001). The prevalence of comorbidity was higher among cigarettes smokers in the past 30 days (21.70%,95%CI: 18.24%- 25.16%) than non-smokers (11.13%, 95%CI: 10.51%-11.76%), higher among alcohol drinkers in the past 30 days (19.36%, 95%CI: 17.58%-21.14%) than non-drinkers (10.05%, 95%CI: 9.43%- 10.68%), higher among students engaging in physical fight in the past 12 months (18.42%, 95%CI: 16.75%-20.09%) than those without physical fight (10.45%, 95%CI: 9.81%-11.10%). The more frequently students engaged in physical exercise, the lower the prevalence of comorbidity (P<0.001). The poorer the academic performance self-reported, the higher the prevalence of comorbidity (P<0.001). Conclusion: More than one-tenth of middle and high school students in Zhejiang Province have comorbidity of anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms, and more attention should be paid to adolescent mental health.

Predictive value of echocardiography combined with CT angiography for left atrial appendage thrombosis in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the detection rate of left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) formation in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients using three methods and the efficacy of combined electrocardiogram (ECG) and Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) in the diagnosis of LAAT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 80 NVAF patients who underwent Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) at our hospital from August 2018 to August 2022 were included in the study. The baseline data of patients were observed, and the positive rates of LAAT formation by ECG, CTA, and TEE were compared. The efficacy of combined ECG and CTA in the diagnosis of LAAT was also evaluated. RESULTS: Among the 80 NVAF patients, 23 were LAAT positive and 57 were LAAT negative. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, body mass index (BMI), N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide NT-probNP, fibrinogen, CHA2DS2-VASC [congestive Heart Failure, Hypertension, Age (75 or older), diabetes mellitus, stroke, vascular disease, age (65-74), sex category] score, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, renal insufficiency, D-dimer, heart failure, and serum uric acid (p<0.05). The positive rate of LAAT detected by ECG combined with CTA was closest to the gold standard TEE, but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Statistically significant differences were found between LAAT positive and negative patients in various parameters related to left atrial and left ventricular dimensions and function (p<0.05), while some parameters showed no significant differences (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ECG combined with CTA has a high diagnostic value for LAAT formation in NVAF patients, with a high degree of confidence and reduced patient intolerance. The sensitivity, accuracy, and negative predictive value of ECG combined with CTA for the diagnosis of LAAT formation in NVAF patients are high and have good predictive value.

[Spatial autocorrelation and related factors of stroke mortality in Zhejiang Province based on spatial panel model in 2015-2020].

Objective: To explore the spatial autocorrelation and macro influencing factors of stroke mortality in Zhejiang Province in 2015-2020 and provide a scientific basis for stroke prevention and control strategy. Methods: The data on stroke death were obtained from Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance System. The spatial distribution of stroke mortality was explored by mapping and spatial autocorrelation analysis. The spatial panel model analyzed the correlation between stroke mortality and socioeconomic and healthcare factors. Results: From 2015 to 2020, the average stroke mortality was 68.38/100 thousand. The standard mortality of stroke was high in the areas of east and low in the west, high in the south and low in the north. Moreover, positive spatial autocorrelation was observed (Moran's I=0.274-0.390, P<0.001). Standard mortality of stroke was negatively associated with per capita gross domestic product (GDP) (ß=-0.370, P<0.001), per capita health expenditure (ß=-0.116, P=0.021), number of beds per thousand population (ß=-0.161, P=0.030). Standard mortality of ischemic stroke was negatively associated with per capita GDP (ß=-0.310, P=0.002) and standard management rate of hypertension (ß=-0.462, P=0.011). Standard mortality of hemorrhagic stroke was negatively associated with per capita GDP (ß=-0.481, P<0.001), per capita health expenditure (ß=-0.184, P=0.001), number of beds per thousand population (ß=-0.288, P=0.001) and standard management rate of hypertension (ß=-0.336, P=0.029). Conclusions: A positive spatial correlation existed between stroke mortality in Zhejiang Province in 2015-2020. We must focus more on preventing and controlling strokes in relatively backward economic areas. Moreover, to reduce the mortality of stroke, increasing the investment of government medical and health funds, optimizing the allocation of medical resources, and improving the standard management rate of hypertension are important measures.

[Effect of different respiratory motion correction methods on PET image quality in chest PET/MRI].

Objective: To investigate the effect of different respiratory motion correction methods on PET images during chest PET/MRI scans. Methods: The data of 35 patients (24 males and 11 females, aged from 29 to 84 year) of pulmonary lesions with significantly high uptake in thoracic PET/MRI scan were retrospective collected from Jingling Hospital. Four different methods were used to reconstruct the PET data. Group A was the full-time 20 min without respiratory motion correction static acquisition (Static) as a control, group B was the end-expiration static collection (Q.Static), and group C was the multi-bins respiratory gating (Gated-Respiratory). In addition, the influence of the time being considered, group D was added for reconstruction in the first 1/3 period (6 min 40 s) of group A. Then, the maximum value (L-SUVmax) and the mean value (L-SUVmean) of the SUV of the lesion, the mean value (B-SUVmean) and the standard deviation (B-SUVsd) of the SUV of the background under each reconstruction results were measured, and for each lesion the signal-to-noise ratio (L-SNR) was calculated. In order to exclude the interference of the background, the mean of the relative SUV (L-dSUVmean) of the L-SUVmean relative to the B-SUVmean was also calculated. Finally, One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA was used, and the post-hoc pairwise comparison between groups was tested by Bonferroni's modified test. Results: There was statistically significant difference among group B or group C compared to group A and group D in L-SUVmax, L-SUVmean and L-dSUVmean [L-SUVmax:group B vs group A or group D was 8.06±3.57 vs 7.73±3.45 or 7.61±3.50, group C vs group A or group D was 8.04±3.56 vs 7.73±3.45 or 7.61±3.50 (all P<0.05); L-SUVmean: group B vs group A or group D was 4.12±1.78 vs 3.98±1.72 or 3.91±1.71, group C vs group A or group D was 4.13±1.78 vs 3.98±1.72 or 3.91±1.71 (all P<0.05); L-dSUVmean: group B vs group A or group D was 3.52±0.16 vs 3.39±0.18 or 3.31±0.18, group C vs group A or group D was 3.53±0.18 vs 3.39±0.18 or 3.31±0.18 (all P<0.05)], but there was no statistically significant difference between group B and group C (all P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences between group D and group A in B-SUVsd (0.07±0.00 vs 0.07±0.00, P=0.023) and L-SNR (69.80±44.57 vs 85.35±68.98, P=0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between group D and group A in L-SUVmax, L-SUVmean, B-SUVmean and L-dSUVmean (all P>0.05). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in PET image quality between the Q.static and Gated-Respiratory group, both of the two groups were better than the Static group which with no Gated-Respiratory motion correction. If non-respiratory gated Static is used, the PET acquisition time is recommended to be 6 min 40 s.

Effect of Curcumin on Cognitive Behavior and Pathological Characteristics of the Hippocampus in Mice with Inherent Alzheimer's Disease.

This study examined the effect of curcumin on pathological manifestations and clearance of amyloid ß peptide (Aß) in the hippocampus of 8-month-old transgenic APP/PS1 mice with inherent Alzheimer's disease. APP/PS1 mice and the age-matched wild-type controls were subjected to 3 behavioral tests: open field, new object recognition, and Morris water maze. Expression of Aß, APP, CTF, BACE1, IDE, NEP, and LRP1 proteins in the extracted hippocampal tissue was evaluated by Western blotting. The distribution and the quantity of amyloid plaques and the spread of microglia in the hippocampus were determined by immunofluorescence. The contents of Aß40 and Aß42 in the hippocampus were assayed and analyzed on Simoa HD-1 analyzer. The proteins interacting with Aß in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice were detected by co-immunoprecipitation. Curcumin significantly reduced motor hyperactivity in the open-field test, improved short-term recognition memory, spatial learning, and reference memory in APP/PS1 mice. In the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice, curcumin significantly diminished the elevated Aß levels and inhibited microglia proliferation. At the same time, curcumin had no effect on Aß production, extracellular enzymatic hydrolysis, and LRP1-mediated outward transport, but enhanced Aß clearance by activation of the intracellular ubiquitin-proteasome system and related peripheral mechanisms. Thus, curcumin improves the learning and memory abilities of APP/PS1 mice and reduces the pathological accumulation of Aß in the brain.

Better safe than so ray: national survey of radiation protection amongst interventional radiology trainees in the United Kingdom.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the provision and use of radiation personal protective equipment (PPE) and dosimetry amongst UK interventional radiology (IR) trainees and highlight areas of improvement in order to enhance the radiation safety. METHODS: A survey questionnaire was designed by members of the British Society of Interventional Radiology (BSIR) trainee committee via survey monkey and distributed to UK IR trainees via the BSIR membership mailing list, local representatives and Twitter. The survey was open from 04/01/2021 to 20/02/2021. Only IR trainees in years ST4 and above were included. RESULTS: Of the 73 respondents, 62 qualified for analysis. Respondents (81% male) spent a median of 5.5 sessions (half day list) per week in the angiography suite and 58% (n=36) had difficulty finding appropriately sized lead aprons at least once a week. Overall 53% (n=33) had concerns about their radiation PPE. Furthermore 56% of trainees (n=35) experienced back pain among other symptoms attributed to wearing the lead aprons available to them. 77% (n=48) regularly wore lead glasses. For trainees requiring prescription glasses (n=22) overfit goggles were provided however 17 (77%) of these trainees felt the goggles compromised their ability to perform the procedure. Eye and finger dosimeters were used by 50% and 52% of respondents respectively. Compliance with body dosimetry was 99%. CONCLUSION: Provision of radiation PPE and dose monitoring for IR trainees is suboptimal, particularly access to adequate eye protection or suitably fitting leads. Based on the findings of this survey, recommendations have been made to promote the safety and radiation awareness of IR trainees. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Radiation protection practices for IR trainees nationally are poor. Provision of suitable eye protection and well fitting lead body protection is low.

[The research of liver failure in Banna miniature pigs caused by amanita exitialis].

Objective: To explore the characteristics of Banna miniature pig liver failure induced by amanita exitialis. Methods: From September to October 2020, a reverse high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was used to determine the toxin content of amanita exitialis solution, and 2.0 mg/kg amanita exitialis solution (α-amanitins+ß-amanitins) was administered orally to Banna miniature pigs. Toxic symptoms, blood biochemical indexes and histopathological changes of liver, heart and kidney were observed at each time point. Results: All Banna miniature pigs died within 76 h of exposure, and different degrees of digestive tract symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea appeared between 6 and 36 h. The biochemical indexes of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin, creatine kinase isoenzyme, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine increased significantly at 52 h after exposure, and the differences were statistically significant compared with 0 h (P<0.05). The bleeding of liver and heart was obvious under macroscopic and microscopic observation, hepatocyte necrosis, renal tubule epithelial cell swelling. Conclusion: Large dose of amanita exitialis can cause acute liver failure of Banna miniature pigs, which is in line with the pathophysiological characteristics of acute liver failure, and lays a foundation for further research on the toxic mechanism and detoxification drugs of amanita exitialis induced liver failure.

Genetic polymorphism of RAD51 influences susceptibility to colorectal cancer in Chinese population.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to explore whether RAD51 polymorphism confers risk to colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 240 patients with colorectal cancer were selected. 390 healthy people who participated in normal physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group. The polymorphism of RAD51 gene was detected by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. An updated meta-analysis was also conducted. RESULTS: Meta-analysis found no significant association between the RAD51 polymorphism and CRC risk (all p>0.05). PCR-RFLP method detected three kinds of genotypes (GG, GC, and CC) in both the colorectal cancer group and the control group. A significant association was only found in GC genotype (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that RAD51 polymorphism has a crucial role in colorectal cancer risk and that GC genotype confers an increased risk of colorectal cancer in the Chinese population. The updated meta-analysis indicates that RAD51 polymorphism contributes no risk to colorectal cancer.