Recent Development and Applications of Polydopamine in Tissue Repair and Regeneration Biomaterials.

The various tissue damages are a severe problem to human health. The limited human tissue regenerate ability requires suitable biomaterials to help damage tissue repair and regeneration. Therefore, many researchers devoted themselves to exploring biomaterials suitable for tissue repair and regeneration. Polydopamine (PDA) as a natural and multifunctional material which is inspired by mussel has been widely applied in different biomaterials. The excellent properties of PDA, such as strong adhesion, photothermal and high drug-loaded capacity, seem to be born for tissue repair and regeneration. Furthermore, PDA combined with different materials can exert unexpected effects. Thus, to inspire researchers, this review summarizes the recent and representative development of PDA biomaterials in tissue repair and regeneration. This article focuses on why apply PDA in these biomaterials and what PDA can do in different tissue injuries.

Targeting Diverse Wounds and Scars: Recent Innovative Bio-design of Microneedle Patch for Comprehensive Management.

Wounds and the subsequent formation of scars constitute a unified and complex phased process. Effective treatment is crucial; however, the diverse therapeutic approaches for different wounds and scars, as well as varying treatment needs at different stages, present significant challenges in selecting appropriate interventions. Microneedle patch (MNP), as a novel minimally invasive transdermal drug delivery system, has the potential for integrated and programmed treatment of various diseases and has shown promising applications in different types of wounds and scars. In this comprehensive review, the latest applications and biotechnological innovations of MNPs in these fields are thoroughly explored, summarizing their powerful abilities to accelerate healing, inhibit scar formation, and manage related symptoms. Moreover, potential applications in various scenarios are discussed. Additionally, the side effects, manufacturing processes, and material selection to explore the clinical translational potential are investigated. This groundwork can provide a theoretical basis and serve as a catalyst for future innovations in the pursuit of favorable therapeutic options for skin tissue regeneration.

Gene liposome nanocomplex-loaded dermal substitute promotes diabetic chronic wound healing and angiogenesis in rat.

The incidence of chronic diabetic wounds is increasing with the growing number of diabetic patients, and conventional wound dressings have proven to be ineffective in treating them. To address this challenge, researchers have developed artificial dermal substitutes using collagen and hyaluronic acid, which are crucial extracellular matrices. However, these subsitiues lack precision and targeted treatment. To overcome this limitation, a gene liposome nanocomplex-loaded dermal substitute (GDS) has been developed as a potential solution. This innovative biomaterial combines the benefits of liposome nanocomplexes with dermal substitutes to offer a more accurate and effective treatment option for chronic diabetic wounds. The GDS has the ability to deliver genes and therapeutic agents specifically to the wound site, promoting angiogenesis and accelerating the wound healing process. Overall, the GDS presents a promising new approach for the clinical treatment of chronic diabetic wounds, offering a targeted and effective solution for this growing problem.

A novel lncRNA lnc-PPRL promotes pterygium development by activating PI3K/PDK1 signaling pathway.

A sight threatening, pterygium is a common proliferative and degenerative disease of the ocular surface. LncRNAs have been widely studied in the occurrence and development of various diseases, however, the study of lncRNAs in pterygium has just relatively lacking. In the present study, we performed the high-throughput RNA sequencing (HTS) technology to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs in pterygium. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were carried out to forecast the regulatory and functional role of lncRNAs in pterygium. Notably, we identified a novel lncRNA, LOC102724238, which we named pterygium positively-related lncRNA (lnc-PPRL), was up-regulated in pterygium. Lnc-PPRL showed to be preferentially accumulated in cytoplasm, and it can promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion of human pterygium epithelium cells (hPECs). Further study of underlying mechanisms demonstrated that lnc-PPRL may exert its biological effect by activating canonical PI3K/PDK1 pathway, and subsequently promoting the activation of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and its downstream effectors. Interestingly, lnc-PPRL was also proved to influence YAP nuclear localization. Taken together, our study firstly suggested that the "big molecule" lnc-PPRL have potential as a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of pterygium.

Ocular injury resulting in eye removal at a large tertiary care center in China.

AIM: To investigate the risk factors for eye removal following ocular trauma at a major ophthalmology department in China. METHODS: A retrospective study of patients who underwent eye removal surgery following ocular trauma was completed. Clinical outcomes were consulted in detail through the hospital's computed medical data system. Patients' information including age, gender, cause of ocular trauma, affected eye, and education level was collected and recorded in a standardized database. Chi-squared test, Student's t-test, Fisher's exact test, and bivariate correlation analysis were used for statistical comparisons. RESULTS: The present study included 1675 removal eyes from 1674 patients over the 20-year period. Patients included 80.5% males and 19.5% females, with mean age of 38y. The majority of the patients (70.7%) were blue-collar workers (physical laborers), and 1098 patients (65.6%) did not receive high school education. Work-related injuries were the most common reason for eye removal (n=739, 44.1%), of which 441 cases (59.7%) were related to metal/nail wounds. The most frequent injury type in males was work-related injuries (49.7%), whereas the most frequent injury type in females was home-related injuries (25.8%). CONCLUSION: Work-related injuries are a leading cause of severe ocular injury resulting in eye removal. In addition, men and undereducated patients are more likely to undergo eye removal surgery following ocular trauma. This study identified multiple high-risk factors leading to eye removal following ocular trauma, which is of great importance for preventing severe eye injuries.

MiR-3175 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting Smad7 in human conjunctiva and pterygium.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNAs. However, the function of miRNAs is unclear in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pterygium, a disease characterized by abnormal fibrovascular proliferation and invasion on the ocular surface. Since MiR-3175 is upregulated in pterygium tissues compared to normal conjunctival tissues, in this study, we investigated the role of MiR-3175 in EMT of a cultured human conjunctival epithelium cell line (CCL) and further validated the findings in pterygium tissues from patients. Our study demonstrates that MiR-3175 promotes proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of CCL cells by directly inhibiting Smad7. In conclusion, our data suggested that the MiR-3175-Smad7 axis may play a critical role in pathogenesis and development of pterygium.