Staged pain or systemic crisis? Research on the employment effect of enterprise green transformation.

The green transformation is a necessary path for industrialization to reach the advanced stage. Currently, achieving a win-win situation between green transformation and stable employment for residents has become a common concern for theoretical researchers and policymakers. This paper analyzes the influence mechanism of enterprise green transformation on employment using the partial equilibrium model. Furthermore, the employment effect and mechanism of enterprise green transformation are empirically verified with panel data from companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges. The results indicate a dynamic non-linear relationship between enterprise green transformation and employment. As the transformation deepens, its impact on employment changes from negative to positive. Mechanism analysis reveals that enterprise green transformation has the potential to induce output growth and employment virtuous cycle. Additionally, environmental protection investment and labor employment in the transformation have a factor complementary effect. There is heterogeneity in the employment impact of enterprise green transformation, especially for production personnel, low-skilled labor, non-state-owned, heavy-polluting, and medium-low-tech enterprises, which experience stronger employment deprivation.

Can the Clean Heating Policy reduce carbon emissions? Evidence from northern China.

The Clean Heating Policy aims to solve the problems of excessive energy consumption and severe air pollution caused by central heating in northern China. Whether this policy can effectively reduce carbon emissions remains unexplored. Using panel data representing 65 cities in northern China from 2010 to 2019, this paper constructs a dynamic spatial DID model to empirically study the carbon reduction effect of the Clean Heating Policy and its influence channels. The results are summarized as follows. First, the Clean Heating Policy can significantly reduce carbon emissions, and this conclusion holds after multiple robustness tests. The policy has a lag effect, but its spatial spillover effect and long-term effect are not significant. Second, the carbon reduction effect of the Clean Heating Policy is mainly achieved by optimizing the energy structure and improving the thermal efficiency of heat consumer terminals. Third, the carbon reduction effect varies by city and emission field. It is significant only in low-subsidy cities, high-carbon cities, and household fields. Fourth, there is a synergistic reduction relationship between the Clean Heating Policy and the low-carbon city policy. Based on the results of this paper, we propose policy implications, such as promoting policies in multiple ways and improving subsidy efficiency, and provide a reference for other countries.

Does Education Influence Life-Course Depression in Middle-Aged and Elderly in China? Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

Mental health problems have become a major public health problem worldwide and are more common among middle-aged and elderly people in China. Research on the effect of education on depression is limited, and whether the relationship between education and depression changes over the life course remains unclear. This study was based on the cross-sectional data of 15,767 middle-aged and elderly individuals in the 2018 tracking survey (Wave 4) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database. Multiple linear regression and bootstrap methods were developed to detect the mediating effect of education on depression. In all samples or different age groups, education was significantly positively associated with depression. Three mediators (economic level, health-related lifestyle, and cognitive level) were significantly positively associated with depression, and cognitive level had a greater effect on depression than economic level and health-related lifestyle. The total, direct, and indirect effects of the whole samples and elderly samples were significant; however, the direct effect of the middle-aged samples was insignificant, and the total and indirect effects of the three mediating pathways were all significant, that is, economic level, health-related lifestyle, and cognitive level should produce complete mediation. The multiple linear regression and bootstrap methods could successfully detect the mediating effect of education on depression. On the basis of the education, economic level, health-related lifestyle, cognitive level, and depression of middle-aged and elderly people, we established and compared the total, direct, and mediating effects of education on depression under the life course. The mediating variables should be further increased, and the measurement methods of depression should be developed to improve the credibility of the research results.

Analysis of Balance of Income and Expenditure and Optimal Retirement Age of Pension Insurance Co-Ordination Account Based on Improved Machine Learning Algorithm.

Since the turn of the twenty-first century, the issue of aging has gained international attention. Both developed and developing nations are currently dealing with this issue. To ensure the sustained and healthy growth of the economy and society in the face of an aging society, it is especially important to establish a scientific old-age insurance system and a reasonable retirement system. We are all aware that the key indicators for the state to control the old-age insurance system in the old-age insurance system are the income and expenditure balance of the old-age insurance pooling account and the analysis of the ideal retirement age. In this paper, a better machine algorithm is used. By independently learning the rules present in a large amount of data and gaining new experience and knowledge, machine learning (ML) can increase computer intelligence and give computers decision-making abilities comparable to those of humans. In general, a machine learning algorithm uses the laws it derives from data to predict unknown data after automatically analysing the data. This study's findings suggest that the ideal retirement age and life expectancy are positively correlated, with the ideal retirement age's growth rate 12.57 percent higher than that of life expectancy.

Structural Mapping of BMP Conformational Epitopes and Bioengineering Design of Osteogenic Peptides to Specifically Target the Epitope-Binding Sites.

Introduction: Human bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute a large family of cytokines related to members of the transforming growth factor-ß superfamily, which fulfill biological functions by specificity binding to their cognate type I (BRI) and type II (BRII) receptors through conformational wrist and linear knuckle epitopes, respectively. Methods and Results: We systematically examined the intermolecular recognition and interaction between the BMP proteins and BRI receptor at structural, energetic and dynamic levels. The BRI-binding site consists of three hotspot regions on BMP surface, which totally contribute ~70% potency to the BMP-BRI binding events and represent the core sections of BMP conformational wrist epitope; the contribution increases in the order: hotspot 2 (~ 8%) < hotspot 3 (~ 20%) < hotspot 1 (~ 40%). Multiple sequence alignment and structural superposition revealed a consensus sequence pattern and a similar binding mode of the three hotspots shared by most BMP members, indicating a high conservation of wrist epitope in BMP family. The three hotspots are natively folded into wellstructured U-shaped,, loop and double-stranded conformations in BMP proteins, which, however, would become largely disordered when splitting from the protein context to derive osteogenic peptides in free state, thus largely impairing their rebinding capability to BRI receptor. In this respect, cyclization strategy was employed to constrain hotspot 1/3-derived peptides into a native-like conformation, which was conducted by adding a disulfide bond across the ending arms of linear peptides based on their native conformations. Fluorescence-based assays substantiated that the cyclization can effectively improve the binding affinities of osteogenic peptides to BRI receptor by 3-6-fold. The cyclic peptides also exhibit a good selectivity for BRI over BRII (> 5-fold), confirming that they can specifically target the wrist epitope-binding site of BRI receptor. Conclusion: The rationally designed cyclic peptides can be regarded as the promising lead entities that should be further chemically modified to enhance their in vivo biological stability for further bioengineering therapeutic osteogenic peptides against chondrocyte senescence and bone disorder.

LncRNA H19 Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression via Binding to Mutant p53 R175H.

BACKGROUND: Accumulating data suggest that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 and p53are closely related to the prognosis of lung cancer. This study aims to analyze the association and interaction betweenH19 and mutant p53 R175H in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). METHODS: Mutant-type (Mt) p53 R175H was assessed by using RT-PCR in LAC cells and 100 cases of LAC tissue samples for association with H19 expression. Western blot, RNA-pull down, immunoprecipitation-Western blot and animal experiments were used to evaluate the interaction between H19 and mtp53. RESULTS: Mtp53 R175H and H19 were over-expressed in LAC tissues and cells, while H19 over-expression extended the p53 half-life and enhanced transcriptional activity. Combined with anti-p53, ShH19 can significantly inhibit tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: H19 over-expression may induce the elevated expression of mtp53 and interact with mtp53, leading to LAC progression. In addition, the high expression of mtp53 R175H is associated with poor overall survival inpatients. The simultaneous inhibition of H19 and mtp53 may provide a novel strategy for the effective control of LAC clinically.

Proteomics Reveals the Key Molecules Involved in Curcumin-induced Protection Against Sciatic Nerve Injury in Rats.

We generated a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury and characterized the effects of curcumin on sciatic nerve recovery by using behavioral experiments, hematoxylin-eosin staining, toluidine blue staining, and immunohistochemical. Proteomic analysis using tandem mass tagging was performed to determine differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and GO and KEGG pathway analyses of overlapping DEPs was conducted, following which, qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were further performed to validate the proteins of interest. Finally, a Schwann cell injury model was used to verify the effect of curcumin on potential targets. The rat model was successfully established and curcumin improved the sciatic nerve function index of rats with sciatic nerve injury (SNI) and increased the number and diameter of myelinated axons in the sciatic nerve. In the Sham group versus the Injured group and in the Injured group versus the Curcumin group, we identified a total of 4,175 proteins, of which 953 were DEPs, and 218 were known overlapping DEPs. Ten associated pathways, such as calcium signaling pathway, biosynthesis of antibiotics, and long-term potentiation, were identified. The 218 overlapping DEPs were primarily involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process, biological processes, cytoplasm cellular component, and protein binding molecular function based on GO annotation. Curcumin promoted increased expression of ApoD and inhibited the expression of Cyba in vivo and in vitro. These results indicated that curcumin promoted sciatic nerve repair through regulation of various proteins, targets, and pathways. Cyba and ApoD may be potential targets of curcumin in the treatment of SNI.

Clinical Features and Surgical Treatment of Primary Pulmonary Lymphoma: A Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: Primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL) is a rare clonal lymphoproliferative lung disease. The present study analyzes the clinical features, imaging data, pathologic characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of PPL patients, with the aim to discuss the appropriate diagnosis and therapy of PPL patients in thoracic surgery. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis on 36 patients with PPL confirmed by postoperative pathology between 2006 and 2020. We divided the patients into low-stage (IE) and high-stage (IIE) groups using modified Ann Arbor staging. The clinical manifestations, imaging findings, treatment modalities, and outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: The female to male ratio was 1.57:1 and the median age was 55 (31-69) years old. The majority of the patients had stage IE disease (75%; 27 of 36) and 9 patients had stage IIE disease. Patients with advancing stage were more likely to have respiratory symptoms. The imaging findings presented solid nodule or mass, pneumonia-like consolidative pattern, ground-glass opacity, and mixed pattern. There were 31 cases of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT), 2 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 2 nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 1 marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. Two patients were diagnosed with PPL and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) synchronously (one AIS and MIS and one lung adenocarcinoma). All the patients received surgery. Nine patients received adjuvant therapy after surgery (five radiotherapy, two chemotherapy, and two chemoradiotherapy). Thirty-four patients had a median follow-up time of 31 months (follow-up range: 7-152 months). Of the 34 patients, 1 patient died of liver metastases and 1 patient died of intestinal metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Our retrospective analysis suggested that most PPLs were indolent and had favorable prognosis, but the discrimination of PPL with other lung diseases was difficult. Preoperative biopsy and intraoperative frozen section examination might help in the surgical choice. Limited lung resection was enough for peripherally localized PPL.

Comparison of surgical outcomes and prognosis between wedge resection and simple Segmentectomy for GGO diameter between 2 cm and 3 cm in non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter and propensity score matching analysis.

BACKGROUND: As segmentectomy had become commonly used for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) treatment, which had the advantages of radical operation, however, it remains controversial owing to procedural complexity and risk of increased complications compared with wedge resection. We evaluated operative and postoperative outcomes of simple segmentectomy compared to wedge resection in ground-glass opacity (GGO) diameter between 2 cm and 3 cm NSCLC. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 1600 clinical GGO diameter between 2 cm and 3 cm NSCLC patients who received simple segmentectomy and wedge resection between Jan 2011 and Jan 2015. Participants were matched 1:1 on their propensity score for two groups. Clinic-pathologic, operative, and postoperative results of two groups were compared. RESULTS: After using propensity score methods to create a matched cohort of participants with simple segmentectomy group similar to that wedge resection, there were no significant differences detected in tumor size, margin distance, histology, age, sex, preoperative comorbidities and preoperative pulmonary function. Overall complications in simple segmentectomy group were more than wedge resection group (21% vs 3%, p = 0.03). Median operative time (110.6 vs. 71.2 min; p = 0.01) and prolonged air leakage (12% vs. 3%; p = 0.02) was significantly longer in the simple segmentectomy group. There was no difference in recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) of 5-years between simple segmentectomy group and wedge resection group. Postoperative pulmonary function in simple segmentectomy group recovered more slowly than wedge resection group. CONCLUSION: Wedge resection may have comparable efficacy as simple segmentectomy for GGO diameter between 2 cm and 3 cm NSCLC, but lead to less complications, less surgical procedure and faster recovery of pulmonary function.

The Role of Thoracic Surgeon in the Fight Against COVID-19 Pandemic Frontline.

As the COVID-19 pandemic ravages the whole world, frontline doctors are tirelessly fighting to contain and manage the disastrous effects of the virus. However, thoracic surgeons will also become frontline doctors, because everyone around them is likely to be infected after the closed-loop management of the hospital. Stress, difficulty, fears, physical and psychological burnout and lowered morale are some side effects. We feature the perspectives of thoracic surgeons at the epicenter of the COVID-19 fight in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, which highlight the emotions, measures, motivation and belief of thoracic surgeons while they work on frontlines.

Lung cancer screening strategy for non-high-risk individuals: a narrative review.

Lung cancer is the deadliest malignancy worldwide, accounting for almost 20% of all cancer deaths. Clinical trials, such as NLST and NELSON, have proved the survival benefit of lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), and most of the lung cancer screening guidelines recommended annual lung cancer screening by LDCT for high-risk individuals. However, a relatively high proportion of lung cancer patients do not have risk factors, and it is questionable whether non-high-risk individuals should receive LDCT screening. In this review, we reviewed risk factors of lung cancer and summarized the benefits and potential harms of LDCT screening. After clarifying the differences between China and western countries in lung cancer screening, we recommended that non-high-risk individuals should receive LDCT screening with an interval of five to ten years. To better balance benefits and harms from LDCT screening, we also proposed a flexible screening strategy using LDCT based on lung cancer risk. Hopefully, it may help reduce unnecessary radiation exposure from CT scans while decreasing mortality of lung cancer.

The intrinsic axon regenerative properties of mature neurons after injury.

Thousands of nerve injuries occur in the world each year. Axon regeneration is a very critical process for the restoration of the injured nervous system's function. However, the precise molecular mechanism or signaling cascades that control axon regeneration are not clearly understood, especially in mammals. Therefore, there is almost no ideal treatment method to repair the nervous system's injury until now. Mammalian axonal regeneration requires multiple signaling pathways to coordinately regulate gene expression in soma and assembly of the cytoskeleton protein in the growth cone. A better understanding of their molecular mechanisms, such as axon regeneration regulatory signaling cascades, will be helpful in developing new treatment strategies for promoting axon regeneration. In this review, we mainly focus on describing these regeneration-associated signaling cascades, which regulate axon regeneration.

Association of MicroRNA-21 with p53 at Mutant Sites R175H and R248Q, Clinicopathological Features, and Prognosis of NSCLC.

This study aimed to investigate the association of miRNA-21 with mutant p53 expression, prognosis, interaction, and clinicopathological features of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tissue specimens from 200 NSCLC patients were collected for qRT-PCR analysis of miR-21 and p53 expression, and p53 mutations were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. NSCLC cell lines were used to determine the effects of miR-21 knockdown on cell viability, cell cycle distribution, and p53 expression. We found that miR-21 expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues, which was associated with an increase in p53 mRNA levels and with advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages and lymph node metastasis. The most common mutant sites of p53 in NSCLC were R175H and R248Q. Moreover, elevated miR-21 and p53 expression levels were associated with shorter overall survival. Knockdown of miR-21 reduced NSCLC cell viability, arrested NSCLC cells at the G0-to-G1 phase of the cell cycle, and downregulated mutant p53 mRNA levels and phosphorylated p53 protein expression in A549 and H1650 cells compared to control cells. miR-21 is associated p53 at mutant sites R175H and R248Q, which seems not to be oncogenic, as it is being reported, since in a normal cell, without a mutated p53, it will probably have a protective role.

Inhibition of LncRNAH19 has the effect of anti-tumour and enhancing sensitivity to Gefitinib and Chemotherapy in Non-small-cell lung cancer in vivo.

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases, which ranked first in both men and women malignancies worldwide. The survival rate of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been limited with distant metastasis and shortage of effective chemotherapeutics in recent years. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies for NSCLC are urgently explored. Here, we showed that inhibition of H19 effectively inhibited the progression of NSCLC. Moreover, down-regulation of H19 treatment significantly enhanced the levels of PTEN and PDCD4, while suppressed the expressions of NFIB in NSCLC. Furthermore, down-regulation of H19 combined with Gefitinib treatment significantly increased the levels of PTEN and PDCD4, while decreased the expression levels of NFIB. Moreover, the results showed that Gefitinib treatment significantly reduced the shH19-mediated miR-21 expression levels. Our results showed that down-regulation of H19 combined with Gefitinib administration significantly improved the effect of shH19 treatment alone on the progression of NSCLC, which was involved in the activation of PTEN signalling pathway in NSCLC in vivo. Therefore, these findings might indicate a novel molecular mechanism, which could provide a new potential combination of therapeutic method in NSCLC.

Single- versus 2-stage reconstruction for chronic post-radiation chest wall ulcer: A 10-year retrospective study of chronic radiation-induced ulcers.

Radiation therapy can have adverse effects on normal tissue and cause chronic ulcers. The purpose of this study was to compare breast cancer patients who underwent single-stage reconstruction with patients who underwent 2-stage reconstruction for chronic radiation-induced necrotic ulcers of the chest wall.This retrospective study comprised of 50 patients with chronic radiation-induced chest wall ulcers who underwent chest wall reconstruction in our hospital between January 2002 and January 2016. All patients developed ulcers after undergoing breast cancer surgery, followed by radiation therapy. These patients were divided into 2 groups: group A, patients who underwent debridement and reconstruction with tissue flaps simultaneously in a single-stage procedure; group B, patients who underwent debridement and omentum majus tamping in the 1st stage, followed by surgical reconstruction with skin grafting or flap transfer 2 weeks later. The postoperative complications and outcomes were evaluated and compared.These patients were followed up for 48 to 55 months (mean: 50 months), and overall survival was 98%. One patient in group A died of septicemia 5 days after the operation. Six patients in group A developed flap infection, among which 4 patients progressed to flap necrosis (group A: 6/25 vs group B: 0/25; P = .000).Compared to single-stage reconstruction, surgical reconstruction in 2 stages was safer and more effective in treating chronic radiation-induced ulcers of the chest wall, and is associated with fewer postoperative complications. The omentum majus flap was the most ideal tissue for the repair of these defects.

Glaucocalyxin A as a natural product increases amyloid ß clearance and decreases tau phosphorylation involving the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder correlated with age, characterized by the accumulation of amyloid ß (Aß) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an important protein that regulates Aß clearance and tau phosphorylation. Therefore, mTOR has become a pivotal therapeutic target for AD treatment. In this study, we discovered a natural product, glaucocalyxin A (GLA), as a new mTOR inhibitor based on a high-throughput screening platform with α-screen technology against our natural product library. Further study showed that GLA increased Aß clearance involving the protein kinase B/mTOR/autophagy signaling pathway and inhibited tau phosphorylation involving the mTOR/70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase pathway, which highlighted the therapeutic potential of GLA for the AD treatment.

Mechanisms of callose deposition in rice regulated by exogenous abscisic acid and its involvement in rice resistance to Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

BACKGROUND: Callose is a plant cell wall polysaccharide controlled by ß-1,3-glucanase and synthase. Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important plant hormone. Exogenous ABA promotes rice resistance to pests. Whether exogenous ABA could reduce the decline in rice yield after brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål; BPH) feeding is an important question, however, the mechanisms behind rice resistance induced by ABA remain obscure. RESULTS: Electronic penetration graph (EPG) recording indicated a significant increase in rice resistance to BPH, and the number of BPH eggs decreased significantly upon application of exogenous ABA. As the concentration of ABA increased, the reduction in rice yield decreased significantly after BPH feeding. Further studies showed that ß-1,3-glucanase activity was significantly lower, but synthase activity was higher after ABA treatment than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that exogenous ABA suppressed ß-1,3-glucanase and induced synthase activity, and promoted callose deposition. This is an important defense mechanism that prevents BPH from ingesting phloem sap. These studies provide support for an insect-resistance mechanism after ABA treatment and provide a reference for the integrated management of other piercing-sucking pests. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Association of microRNA 21 With Biological Features and Prognosis of Neuroblastoma.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the differences in microRNA 21 expression among neuroblastoma (NB), embryonic tissue, and normal adrenal tissue and to identify correlations between microRNA 21 expression, the biological features of the tumor, and prognosis. METHODS: A total of 70 patients with NB were selected from December 2005 and December 2007. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess microRNA 21 expression. All patients were followed-up for 5 years. RESULTS: Significant differences in microRNA 21 expression were found between the 3 groups, with the highest expression in the NB samples (P < .001). The expression of microRNA 21 was highest in the high-risk group compared with the moderate- and low-risk groups (P < .001). The microRNA 21 expression in the MYCN amplification group was higher than in the group without amplification (P = .001). The 5-year overall survival rate of patients with NB was 71.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The higher expression of microRNA 21 in NB samples compared with embryonic and normal tissue samples predicted a close correlation between microRNA 21 expression and the biological features of NB. In patients with NB, higher microRNA 21 expression correlated with lower rates of overall survival. Therefore, microRNA 21 expression may represent a novel risk factor for determining the prognosis of patients with NB.

[Comparative study on curative effects of different methods for the treatment of the "floating shoulder injuries"].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical curative effects of different methods for the treatment of "floating shoulder injuries". METHODS: A total of 56 patients with "floating shoulder injuries" from February 2006 to August 2014 were enrolled in the study, including 12 patients[7 males and 5 females with an average age of(45.08±13.47)years old]treated by non operation (group A), 29 patients[18 males and 11 females with an average age of(37.28±10.43) years old]treated by internal plate fixation of the fracture of the clavicle(group B), 15 patients(11 males, 4 females; average age of 36.20±9.50 years) treated by internal plate fixation of the fracture of the clavicle and the scapular(group C). Functional outcomes of injured shoulder joints were assessed using Herscovici and Constant-Murley Shoulder Outcome score. RESULTS: There was a significant difference on operative time and intra operative blood loss between group B and group C(P=0.000). There were significant differences of functional outcomes among three groups(P=0.000). The shoulder joint function of group A and group B, group A and group C were significantly different(P=0.000), while there was no significant difference between Group B and Group C. CONCLUSIONS: Operation treatment for "floating shoulder injuries" has obvious advantages for the functional recovery of shoulder joint, and the risk for the single fixation treatment of clavicle is lower.