Social-economic transitions and vulnerability to extreme temperature events from 1960 to 2020 in Chinese cities.

Climate change leads to more frequent and intense extreme temperature events, causing a significant number of excess deaths. Using an epidemiological approach, we analyze all-cause deaths related to heatwaves and cold spells in 2,852 Chinese counties from 1960 to 2020. Economic losses associated with these events are determined through the value of statistical life. Findings reveal that cold-related cumulative excess deaths (1,133 thousand) are approximately 2.5 times higher than heat-related deaths, despite an increase in heat-related fatalities in recent decades. Monetized mortality due to heat-related events is estimated at 1,284 billion CNY, while cold-related economic loss is 1,510 billion CNY. Notably, cities located in colder regions experience more heat-related excess deaths, and vice versa. Economic development does not significantly reduce mortality risks to heatwaves across China. This study provides insights into the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of heatwaves and cold spells mortality, essential for policymakers ensuring long-term climate adaptation and sustainability.

Equity-based carbon neutral plan induces cross-regional coal leakage and industrial relocation.

China as a major coal-consuming economy faces the challenge of balancing economic development and carbon neutrality goal. This paper incorporates both efficiency-based and equity-based carbon neutrality policies into a numerical model to quantitatively assess how coal reduction under various carbon-neutral policies affects energy mix, economic growth, and industrial structures by 2060. Results show the nationwide coal intensity will ultimately plunge by over 95% from 2017 to 2060, mainly attributed to the coal-phasing-out in most industries. National Gross Domestic Product losses reaches 4,951 billion USD in efficiency-based scenarios by 2060, and the economic losses are even more severe in less developed provinces, especially provinces in Northern China. Although the equity-based policy can reduce the economic burden for the Northern China, the equity-based policy is accompanied by a significant regional shift in coal across the country: eastern coal-intense industries will be relocated northward, leading to increases in embodied coal consumption.

Coupling of Methanol and Carbon Monoxide over H-ZSM-5 to Form Aromatics.

The conversion of methanol into aromatics over unmodified H-ZSM-5 zeolite is generally not high because the hydrogen transfer reaction results in alkane formation. Now circa 80 % aromatics selectivity for the coupling reaction of methanol and carbon monoxide over H-ZSM-5 is reported. Carbonyl compounds and methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-ones (MCPOs), which were detected in the products and catalysts, respectively, are considered as intermediates. The latter species can be synthesized from the former species and olefins. 13 C isotope tracing and 13 C liquid-state NMR results confirmed that the carbon atoms of CO molecules were incorporated into MCPOs and aromatic rings. A new aromatization mechanism that involves the formation of the above intermediates and co-occurs with a dramatically decreased hydrogen transfer reaction is proposed. A portion of the carbons in CO molecules are incorporated into aromatic, which is of great significance for industrial applications.

Facile synthesis of multifunctional beta-NaGdF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles in oleylamine.

Multifunctional beta-NaGdF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized using oleylamine as both solvent and stabilizer via the thermolysis method. They have uniform morphology with a mean size of 12.7 nm and show efficient up-conversion emission when excited by a 980 nm laser. The up-conversion NPs demonstrated a nearly quadratic dependence of the photoluminescence intensity on the excitation power, which indicated a two-photon induced process. In addition, these NPs exhibit paramagnetic characteristics at both 300 and 77 K. The magnetic properties of beta-NaGdF4:Yb3+/Er3+ NPs are intrinsic to the Gd3+ ions. The measured mass magnetic susceptibility value of 0.79 x 10(-4) em mu/g x Oe at room temperature is close to reported values of other NPs for bioseparation and optical-magnetic dual modal nanoprobes in biomedical imaging.

A dinuclear copper complex: bis-(µ-4-amino-benzoato)bis-[aqua(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(II)] dichloride bis(4-amino-benzoic acid) dihydrate.

The title complex, [Cu(2)(C(7)H(6)NO(2))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)]·2C(7)H(7)NO(2)·2H(2)O, consists of a dinuclear [Cu(2)(C(7)H(6)NO(2))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](2+) cation, two Cl(-) anions, two 4-amino-benzoic acid mol-ecules and two disordered water mol-ecules (site occupancy factors 0.5). The Cu(II) ion adopts a distorted square-pyramidal geometry formed by two N atoms from the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand and two O atoms of the two 4-amino-benzoic acid ligands and one water O atom. The Cu⋯Cu separation is 3.109 (2) Å. A twofold axis passes through the mid-point of the Cu⋯Cu vector.