[Speciality of restoring the psychophysiological parameters of laboratory rats with the help of balneological procedures during the periods of equinox]. / Osobennosti vosstanovleniya psikhofiziologicheskikh pokazatelei laboratornykh krys s pomoshch'yu bal'neologicheskikh protsedur v periody ravnodenstviya.

Currently methods development for restoring physiological functions and increasing the adaptive capabilities of the body after prolonged stress exposure of various genesis is an urgent problem in the field of balneology and physiotherapy. It is known that the adaptive potential of the organism is not the same in different seasons of the year. In this regard, it becomes necessary to take into account the seasonality factor when carrying out recreational activities. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To perform a comparative study of balneotherapeutic procedures effectiveness in the form of water and antler baths in relation to the restoration of the psychophysiological parameters of laboratory rats after a consistent stressful effect of light desynchronosis and physical activity to a state of complete fatigue during autumn and spring equinoxes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiment was carried out during the periods of the spring and autumn equinoxes on 160 male Wistar rats weighing 220-250 g. In each season, the animals were divided into 8 groups of 10 individuals. Two groups were in natural lighting conditions. Animals of the 1st group (intact) were not exposed to experimental influences; rats of the 2nd group were exposed to physical activity in the form of a swimming test until complete fatigue for 5 days in a row in the morning; animals of groups 3-8 were exposed to stress loads in the form of 10-day light desynchronosis (light or dark deprivation) followed by physical activity. In the 4-th, 5-th, 7-th and 8-th groups, post-experimental post-stress recovery programs were carried out using water baths (groups 4 and 7) and baths with drug «Pantovanna¼ (groups 5 and 8). After the completion of exposures, the animals were tested in the «open field¼ according to the standard method. The level of corticosterone in the blood serum was determined by ELISA. RESULTS: It was found that in laboratory rats sensitivity to stressful influences - light desynchronosis followed by physical activity to the point of fatigue, as well as active post-stress recovery were determined by the nature of desynchronosis and the season of the year. The stress load was accompanied by a phase of exhaustion during the spring equinox and by a phase of anxiety during the autumn equinox. In the spring, antler baths as a procedure for active post-stress recovery were ineffective; in autumn, they had a normalizing effect on the level of corticosterone and behavior only after dark deprivation. CONCLUSION: The conducted experiment indicates the need to take into account the season of the year and the direction of the transmeridian flight to sanatorium-and-spa treatment with balneotherapy procedures. Using the example of equinoxes under experimental conditions on laboratory rats, it has been shown that balneological procedures will more effectively perform rehabilitative functions when the light phase of the day expands as a result of such a shift, but not the dark one.

[Experimental study of the features of post-stress recovery of psychophysiological functions using balneological treatments during the solstice]. / Eksperimental'noe issledovanie osobennostei poststressornogo vosstanovleniya psikhofiziologicheskikh funktsii s pomoshch'yu bal'neoprotsedur v period solntsestoyanii.

The development of new programs and methods of rehabilitation after the action of various stress factors on the body continues to be an actual problem. There are post-stress recovery programs include both standard pharmacotherapy and physical therapies. However, when prescribing certain types of physiotherapy procedures, the season of the year is not taken into account. OBJECTIVE: During the summer and winter solstices to study the features of post-stress recovery of psychophysiological functions of laboratory rats after light or dark deprivation, followed by physical exertion and rehabilitation procedures in the form of water and antler baths. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiment was carried out on 160 male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 8 groups of 10 individuals at each solstice period (winter, summer). Group 1 was not exposed to any impact. Group 2 was presented with physical activity (swimming test). These two groups were in natural light conditions. Groups 3-8 underwent light desynchronosis (light or dark deprivation) followed by physical activity. After the above-mentioned influences, procedures were carried out in the form of water baths (groups 4 and 7) and baths with a preparation based on pantogematogen «Pantovanna¼ (groups 5 and 8). Behavioral responses were assessed using the open field test. The content of corticosterone was determined by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: During the periods of the winter solstice, dark or light deprivation increased the resistance of animals to the stress of subsequent physical activity, i.e. showed a training effect, while during the summer solstice the studied stress factors led to depletion of serum corticosterone levels, although the structure of behavior did not undergo significant changes. Post-stress recovery in the form of water and antler baths for 10 days was determined by the nature of desynchronosis and the solstice period. Pantobaths were effective in summer and winter only under TT conditions. However, in winter, after the CC-regime, the antlers intensified the stressful effect of physical activity on the animals' organism. CONCLUSION: The experiment carried out indicates the need to take into account the season of the year and the direction of the transmeridian flight to balneological resorts. Using the example of solstices in experimental conditions on rats, we have shown that balneological procedures will perform best the restorative functions when expanding as a result of such a movement of the light phase of the day, but not the dark one. It is possible that this feature can also persist for a person, since a more rapid adaptation to new light-dark conditions has been established also with the expansion of the light phase, but not the dark one.

[An effect of mexidol on the level of corsticosteron in the blood serum and beam zone cells in rats with light desynhronizes and physical loads]. / Vliyanie meksidola na uroven' kortikosterona v syvorotke krovi i kletki puchkovoi zony kory nadpochechnikov u krys pri svetovykh desinkhronozakh i fizicheskikh nagruzkakh.

OBJECTIVE: In order to develop methods and means of maintaining normal human functioning under conditions of desynchronizes, the effect of mexidol on the level of corticosterone in the blood serum and the state of the cells of the beam zone of the adrenal cortex of rats after light or dark deprivation and physical activity to a state of fatigue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiments were performed on 7 groups of rats (10 animals each) in the spring. The model of physical activity is the method of forced swimming of rats until exhaustion in its own modification. For the induction of experimental desynchronizes, the animals of the experimental groups were kept around the clock for 10 days with artificial bright light of 150 LX or a complete darkening of 2-3 LX. Mexidol was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 10 mg/kg animal 30 minutes before the swimming test. Control animals under similar conditions were administered 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The level of corticosterone in the serum was determined using enzyme immunoassay. The measurements were carried out on a programmable photometer for STAR FAX 303 PLUS microsamples (USA). Histological analysis of the adrenal glands was carried out according to standard methods. Microscopy of preparations, imaging and measurements were carried out using an Axio Lab A1 microscope, an AxioCamERc 5s camera and ZEN 2012 software («Carl Zeiss Microscopy¼, Germany). Statistical processing of the results was carried out using standard parametric and non-parametric methods, depending on the nature of the distributions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mexidol under combined successive stress loads - desynchronizes and physical activity - demonstrated anti-stress properties not only at the level of corticosterone in the blood serum of rats, but also at the level of adrenal glands. The severity of this effect of the drug depended on the number of stress loads (isolated physical or shown in conditions of desynchronizes), the phase of stress and the nature of deprivation. Under natural lighting conditions and after light deprivation, when animals were in the anxiety phase of varying severity, the drug worked more reliably than after dark deprivation in conditions of developing depletion. Nevertheless, even in the latter case, he showed himself as a means of preventing exhaustion in animals and the breakdown of adaptation.

[Effect of mexidol on physical working capacity and level of lactate in the blood of rats in conditions of light deprivation]. / Vliianie meksidola na fizicheskuiu rabotosposobnost' i uroven' laktata v krovi krys v usloviiakh svetovykh desinkhronozov.

AIM: To study an effect of mexidol on the performance of rats after light or dark deprivations in the swimming test with a load and to evaluate the state of glycolytic processes under these conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the spring on 70 Wistar male rats. Three groups (30 animals) were in natural light conditions. One of them was not affected. The other two groups were subjected to exercise and 30 minutes before it either saline or mexidol was administered intramuscularly. Four other groups (40 animals) for 10 days were under conditions of dark or light deprivation prior to the presentation of physical activity and received either saline or mexidol before the test after deprivation was canceled. A forced swimming test with an additional load, which was presented to animals every day at 10-11 am for five days in a row, was used as a model of physical activity. The level of lactate was determined by colorimetric method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mexidol increased the performance of rats in the swimming test, both under natural lighting conditions and with light desynchronization, contributed to the formation of cross adaptation to physical activity under natural lighting conditions and prolonged this state under conditions of light deprivation, did not change the content of lactate in the blood of rats after exercise in natural lighting conditions and dark deprivation and prevented its rise after light deprivation.

[SEASONAL FEATURES OF SEROTONIN IN BLOOD SERUM OF RATS AFTER PHYSICAL OVERWORK UNDER DESYNCHRONOSIS].

The content of serotonin in the blood serum of rats with light desynchronizes and physical fatigue in different seasons was investigated ву enzyme immunoassay. It was found that long-term light deprivation and exercise to complete depletion lowered levels of serotonin in the blood serum of rats in the winter and increased that of the spring season. At the same time, a dark deprivation and physical activity had no effect on this indicator.

IMMUNOPHENOTYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CELLULAR COMPOSITION IN BREAST MILK.

The morphology and immunophenotype of female colostrum adherent cells with the help of CD3, CD31, CD34, CD45, CD68, vimentin, and osteocalcin antibodies panel was studied in short-term (6­7 days) culture in vitro. Approximately equal (1 : 1) ratio of fibroblast-like and rounded cells was observed in 20 % of cultural flasks. The cells with regular shape mixed with single fibroblasts were noted in 80 % of cultural flasks. The diameter of spreaded cells varied within 10­100 mm. All cells adhered to plastics did not express CD3 and interacted slightly (sl) with antibodies to CD31, CD34, and CD45. At the same time, adherent cells with intensive CD68, vimentin and osteocalcin staining have been revealed. Literature data allows to interpret CD68+CD3­CD31slCD34slCD45sl immunophenotype of significant part of mother colostrum adherent cells as belonging to monocyte-macrophage lineage. Marked expression of stromal antigens (vimentin, osteocalcin) in 40­45 % adherent cells in cultural medium without osteogenic supplements (beta-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid, dexamethasone) proposes an existence of osteoblasts fraction differentiated in colostrum from mesenchymal stem cells under an action of breast milk humoral factors.

Role of NF-kB, p53, and p21 in the regulation of TNF-α mediated apoptosis of lymphocytes.

The effect of recombinant TNF-α on programmed death of donor lymphocytes was studied in vitro. The proapoptotic effect of this cytokine is realized through transcription factors and cell cycle inhibitors. Incubation of lymphocytes with recombinant TNF-α revealed increased levels of NF-kB and p21 and reducted content of nonphosphorylated p53.

Role of reactive oxygen species and Bcl-2 family proteins in TNF-α-induced apoptosis of lymphocytes.

We studied the in vitro apoptosis-inducing effect of recombinant TNF-α (rTNF-α) on blood lymphocytes from healthy donors. rTNF-α-induced apoptosis was accompanied by an increase in the number of cells with low mitochondrial transmembrane potential, increased intracellular content of reactive oxygen species, reduced content of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bax proteins, and elevated Bad content. The molecular mechanisms of these changes are discussed.

[Molecular pato-physiology of chronic virus infections].

Article is based on published data and results of own original researches on development of chronic socially inportant virus infections. Special attention is paid to priority research direction--molecular-genetic markers of chronis virus infections predisposition, development of personalized therapy molecural basis and forecast of infect and man organism interrelation results.

Molecular mechanisms of the effect of interleukin-2 on apoptosis of blood lymphocytes.

The effects of recombinant IL-2 on apoptosis of lymphocytes of healthy donors were studied in in vitro experiments. It was shown that the inductive and inhibitory effects of IL-2 on apoptotic process depend on the dose of the cytokine and cell microenvironmental conditions. Culturing of lymphocytes with recombinant IL-2 increases the percent of cells with reduced transmembrane potential, reduces the content of intracellular proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L) and и Bax, and increases the level of Bad. The proapoptotic effect of this cytokine is realized with participation of nuclear transcription factor NF-κB and transcription factor P53.

[Modulation of programmed death of the peripheral blood lymphocytes under chronic virus infection].

We investigated programmed death of lymphocytes in patients with chronic infections--tick-borne encephalitis, hepatitis B and C. It has been shown that the character of disorders in realization of lymphocyte apoptosis depends on molecular features of the infectious agent. Apoptotic death of lymphocytes was elevated after incubation in vitro with dexamethazone, etopozide and in medium without serum. Receptor-dependent and mitochondrial paths of apoptotic signal conduction are preferentially modulated under chronic virus persistence.

Effect of recombinant interleukin-5, interleukin-3, and eotaxin on apoptosis in eosinophilic granulocytes.

We studied in vitro effects of recombinant interleukin-5, interleukin-3, and eotaxin on programmed death of eosinophils from healthy donors and patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas associated with severe blood eosinophilia. Interleukin-5 and eotaxin produced the most potent antiapoptotic effect on eosinophils from healthy donors. In patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, spontaneous apoptosis in eosinophilic leukocytes was low and remained unchanged during incubation with recombinant proteins.

Dysregulation of apoptotic death in the pathogenesis of virus-induced cytogenetic instability of blood lymphocytes.

The cytogenetic status and activity of regulatory systems for stability of the cell genome were evaluated in patients with chronic viral persistence. Hepatitis B and C viruses damage the chromosome apparatus of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Cytogenetic instability of immunocompetent cells during chronic viral infection was associated with inhibition of DNA excision repair system and dysregulation of apoptosis in target cells.

[Cytokines and antiviral immuniy].

In the review of modern literature and results of own research about role of immunoregulation cytokines imbalance system in pathogen of deep-rooted virus infections are analyzed. The question on molecular mechanisms of cytokine chain deregulation at persistent virus infections is discussed.

[Immunopathogenetic features of tick-borne encephalitis under long-term viral antigenemia].

The occurrence of chronic tick-borne encephalitis viral antigenemia characterized by the asymptomatic course or minimal clinical manifestations is caused by the virus-immune cell interaction. Cellular immunity was studied in 183 patients with chronic (more than 6-month) tick-borne encephalitis viral antigenemia, by evaluating the immunophenotypic and cytogenetic statuses, structural and functional features, cytokine profile, and peripheral lymphocytic apoptosis. The findings suggest impairments in the cooperation of immunocompetent cells and in the classical scheme of antiviral immunity regulation in tick-borne encephalitis viral persistence due to the changes in lymphocytic structural and functional properties.

[Virus-induced dysregulation of programmed immunocompetent cell death: pathology or adaptation?].

The review summarizes information from recent literature and results of the authors' own investigations concerning dysbalance of programmed cell death in establishment of a long-term virus persistense. The article discusses molecular mechanisms of apoptosis modulation of immune cellls by persistent viruses.

Fluorescent probing of lymphocyte and erythrocyte plasma membranes in persistence of tick-borne encephalitis virus: monitoring of structural changes.

The structure of lymphocyte and erythrocyte plasma membrane in patients with long persistence of tick-borne encephalitis virus was studied using fluorescent probes pyrene and 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate. The authors analyze the clear-cut disorders in the membranes of both lymphocytes and erythrocytes in viral tick-borne-encephalitis from the viewpoint of generalized involvement of cell membranes in infectious process.

Structural and functional characteristics of lymphocytes in chronic carriers of tick-borne encephalitis virus.

Study of the surface phenotype, structure of plasma membrane, and activity of DNA repair system in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with different clinical forms of tick-borne encephalitis associated with long persistence of the virus revealed a pronounced imbalance between lymphocyte subpopulations, increased microviscosity of the plasma membrane lipid phase, and decreased activity of the DNA repair system in lymphocytes.