Biotransformation of Glaucic Acid Isolated from the Root of Lindera glauca by the Endophytic Fungi Penicillium Chrysogenum SHJ-07.

Glaucic acid isolated from the root of Lindera glauca, was investigated by the biotransformation methods via the endophytic fungi, resulting in the production of five new glausesquiterpenes A‒E (1‒5), along with a known analogue 6. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. In the bioassays, glausesquiterpene A (1) showed good inhibitory activity of NO production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages with an IC50 value of 20.1 µM than positive control (Indomethacin, IC50 24.1 µM). Further in vitro studies demonstrated that glausesquiterpene A significantly suppressed the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 at the concentration of 25.0 µM.

HPPO-Derived Meroterpenoids from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. SCSIO 41691.

Seven new 4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one (HPPO) derived meroterpenoids, 1-methyl-12a,12b-epoxyarisugacin M (1), 1-methyl-4a,12b-epoxyarisugacin M (2), 2,3-dihydroxy-3,4a-epoxy-12a-dehydroxyisoterreulactone A (3), 2-hydroxy-12a-dehydroxyisoterreulactone A (4), 3'-demethoxyterritrems B' (5), 4a-hydroxyarisugacin P (6), and 1-epi-arisugacin H (7), together with two known analogues (8 and 9), were isolated from the marine-derived fungal strain Penicillium sp. SCSIO 41691. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 3 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Among them, 1 and 2 had a unique methyl migration in the basic meroterpenoid skeleton with a 12a,12b-epoxy or 4a,12b-epoxy group, and 3 was a highly oxygenated HPPO-derived meroterpenoid featuring a rare 6/5/6/6/6/6 hexacyclic system with a 3,4a-epoxy group. Biologically, 5 exhibited inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 21 µM, more potent than the positive control indomethacin.

Novel 6/7/6 ring system diterpenoids and cytochalasins from the fungus Eutypella scoparia GZU-4-19Y and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Two new compounds eutyditerpenoid A (1) and seco-phenochalasin B (5), together with seven known compounds diaporthein A (2), aspergillon A (3), phenochalasin B (4), cytochalasins Z24 and Z25 (6 and 7), scoparasins A and B (8 and 9) were isolated from marine-derived Eutypella scoparia GZU-4-19Y. Among them, eutyditerpenoid A (1) with a rare 6/7/6 ring system possesing an anhydride moiety was the first example in the pimarane-type diterpenoids. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods and the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. In the bioassays, all of the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against NO production induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 3 and 7 showed potent NO inhibition activity with IC50 values of 2.1 and 17.1 µM respectively, and the former also significantly suppressed the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 at the concentration of 2.5 µM.