Efficacy and safety of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration with primary closure and intraoperative endoscopic nasobiliary drainage for choledocholithiasis combined with cholecystolithiasis.

BACKGROUND: The need for intraoperative endoscopic nasobiliary drainage during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration with primary closure is controversial in the treatment of cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy + laparoscopic common bile duct exploration + intraoperative endoscopic nasobiliary drainage + primary closure (LC + LCBDE + IO-ENBD + PC). The safety of different intubation methods in IO-ENBD was also evaluated. METHOD: From January 2018 to January 2022, 168 consecutive patients with cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis underwent surgical treatment in our institution. Patients were divided into two groups: group A (n = 96) underwent LC + LCBDE + IO-ENBD + PC and group B (n = 72) underwent LC + LCBDE + PC. Patient characteristics, perioperative indicators, complications, stone residual, and recurrence rates were analyzed. Group A was divided into two subgroups. In group A1, the nasobiliary drainage tube was placed in an anterograde way, and in group A2, nasobiliary drainage tube was placed in an anterograde-retrograde way. Perioperative indicators and complications were analyzed between subgroups. RESULTS: No mortality in the two groups. The operation success rates in groups A and B were 97.9% (94/96) and 100% (72/72), respectively. In group A, two patients were converted to T-tube drainage. The stone clearance rates of group A and group B were 100% (96/96) and 98.6% (71/72), respectively. Common bile duct diameter was smaller in group A [10 vs. 12 mm, P < 0.001] in baseline data. In perioperative indicators, group A had a longer operation time [165 vs.135 min, P < 0.001], but group A had a shorter hospitalization time [10 vs.13 days, P = 0.002]. The overall complications were 7.3% (7/96) in group A and 12.5% (9/72) in group B. Postoperative bile leakage was less in group A [0% (0/96) vs. 5.6% (4/72), P = 0.032)]. There were no residual and recurrent stones in group A. And there were one residual stone and one recurrent stone in group B (all 1.4%). The median follow-up time was 12 months in group A and 6 months in group B. During the follow-up period, 2 (2.8%) patients in group B had a mild biliary stricture. At subgroup analysis, group A1 had shorter operation time [150 vs. 182.5 min, P < 0.001], shorter hospitalization time [9 vs. 10 days, P = 0.002], and fewer patients with postoperative elevated pancreatic enzymes [32.6% (15/46) vs. 68% (34/50), P = 0.001]. CONCLUSION: LC + LCBDE + IO-ENBD + PC is safer and more effective than LC + LCBDE + PC because it reduces hospitalization time and avoids postoperative bile leakage. In the IO-ENBD procedure, the antegrade placement of the nasobiliary drainage tube is more feasible and effective because it reduces the operation time and hospitalization time, and also reduces injury to the duodenal papilla.

Identifying Potential Tumor Antigens and Antigens-Related Subtypes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma for mRNA Vaccine Development.

Background: The mRNA vaccine has become a promising platform for cancer therapy. Lots of studies have been focusing on discovering novel potent cancer-associated antigens to develop mRNA vaccines against cancers. Besides, immunotyping shows the immune status, and immune microenvironment of immunotyping is related with therapeutic reaction. However, potential antigens for mRNA vaccines and immunotyping of liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) remain far from being understood. Methods: In this study, we collected gene expression data and clinical information data from ICGC and TCGA databases. Using GEPIA2, we calculated differential expression genes and prognostic indices. We applied TIMER to calculate the correlation coefficient between immune infiltrating cells and each gene. Consensus cluster was used for immunotyping of LIHC. Results: We uncovered four most potential candidates including PES1, MCM3, PPM1G, and KPNA2, which were all related with antigen-presenting cell (APC) infiltration and poor survival in LIHC in two independent datasets. Furthermore, three immune-related subtypes (IS1-IS3) of LIHC were identified. All these results were validated in two independent datasets. Furthermore, we validated our results in vitro. Conclusions: The above candidates will be expected to be potential antigen genes for developing anti-LIHC mRNA vaccine, and furthermore, patients with IS2 and IS3 tumors are supposed to be appropriate for mRNA vaccine in LIHC.

Alternative splicing signatures of congenital heart disease and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from congenital heart disease patients.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most serious congenital defect in newborns with higher mortality. Alternative splicing (AS) plays an essential role in numerous heart diseases. However, our understanding of the link between mRNA splicing and CHD in humans is limited. Here, we try to investigate the genome-wide AS events in CHD using bioinformatics methods. We collected available RNA-seq datasets of CHD-induced pluripotent stem cell-cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) (including single ventricle disease [SVD] and tetralogy of Fallot [TOF]) and non-CHD from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Then, we unprecedentedly performed AS profiles in CHD-iPSC-CMs and non-CHD-iPSC-CMs. The rMAPS was used to generate RNA-maps for the analysis of RNA-binding proteins' (RBPs) binding sites. We used StringTie to identify and quantify the transcripts from aligned RNA-Seq reads. A quantification matrix was generated with respect to different groups by extracting the transcripts per million values from StringTie outputs. Then, this matrix was used for correlation analysis between the expression level of RBP and AS level. Finally, we validated our AS results using RNA-seq data from CHD and non-CHD patient tissue samples. We identified CHD-related AS events using CHD-iPSC-CMs and CHD samples from patients. The results showed that functional enrichment of abnormal AS in SVD and TOF was transcription factor-related. Using rMAPS, RNA-binding proteins which regulated these AS were also determined, and RBP-AS regulatory network was constructed. Overall, we identified abnormal AS in CHD-iPSC-CMs and CHD samples from patients. We predicted AS regulators in SVD and TOF, respectively. At last, we concluded that AS played a key role in the pathogenesis of CHD.

Differential enrichment of H3K9me3 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a malignant tumor, which poses a serious threat to human health. Histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) is a post-translational modification involved in regulating a broad range of biological processes and has been considered as potential therapeutic target in types of cancer. However, there is limited research on investigating profiles of histone modification H3K9me3 in ICC patients. METHODS: In this study, we applied the ChIP-seq technique to investigate the effect of H3K9me3 on ICC. Anti-H3K9me3 antibody was used for ChIP-seq in ICC (RBE cell lines) and HIBEpic (normal cell lines). MACS2 (peak-calling tools) was then used to identify the peaks recorded in RBE and HIBEpic cell lines. Gene expression, mutation and clinical data were downloaded from TCGA and cBioPortal databases. RESULTS: H3K9me3 exhibited abnormal methylation and influenced the process of abnormal gene expression in patients suffering from ICC. The Wnt/ß-Catenin signaling pathway (also known as simply the WNT signaling pathway) was enriched in H3K9me3-regulated genes. CONCLUSIONS: We are the first to report that H3K9me3 may play an important role in the progression of ICC. It promotes the understanding of epigenetic molecular mechanisms for ICC.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in coronary artery disease.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, landscapes of EMT-related genes have not been fully established in CAD. We identified the differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Pearson's correlation analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and support vector machine reverse feature elimination algorithms were used to screen EMT-related lncRNAs. The cis-trans regulatory networks were constructed based on EMT-related lncRNAs. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to validate the expression of EMT-related genes in a cohort of six patients with CAD and six healthy controls. We further estimated the infiltration of the immune cells in CAD patients with five algorithms, and the correlation between EMT-related genes and infiltrating immune cells was analyzed. We identified eight EMT-related lncRNAs in CAD. The area under curve value was greater than 0.95. The immune analysis revealed significant CD8 T cells, monocytes, and NK cells in CAD and found that EMT-related lncRNAs were correlated with these immune cell subsets. Moreover, SNAI2, an EMT-TF gene, was found in the trans-regulatory network of EMT-related lncRNAs. Further, we found SNAI2 as a biomarker for the diagnosis of CAD but it also had a close correlation with immune cell subsets in CAD. Eight EMT-related lncRNAs and SNAI2 have important significance in the diagnosis of CAD patients.

The clinical significance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patients treated with hemodialysis complicated with lung infection.

ABSTRACT: The goal of this work was to investigate the potential significance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Herein, we retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 100 patients with end-stage renal failure who were treated with MHD. All patients enrolled in this study met the inclusion criteria and were followed. The differences in each indicator between the two groups were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. On the other hand, Spearman correlation and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the correlation and risk factors for pulmonary infection between NLR and other indicators. Finally, we determined the optimal cut-off values for NLR, hypersensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) diagnosis of pulmonary infection using the receiver operating characteristic curve.We found that NLR was positively correlated with age, PCT, hs-CRP, and hospital stay, but negatively correlated with hemoglobin, red blood cell, and Albumin. The expression levels of PCT, hs-CRP, and NLR in the infected group decreased significantly than those before treatment. Multiple regression analysis revealed that NLR is an important independent risk factor for MHD patients with pulmonary infection. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were 87.76%, 100%, and 0.920 when using NLR combined with hs-CRP to predict pulmonary infection in MHD patients, whereas that of NLR combined with PCT were 87.76%, 96.08%, and 0.944, respectively.Findings from this study suggested that NLR is an independent risk factor for MHD patients with pulmonary infection, which can effectively predict pulmonary infection. Moreover, sensitivity and specificity were greatly enhanced when using NLR combined with PCT/hs-CRP to predict pulmonary infection in MHD patients.

Value of multidisciplinary team (MDT) in minimally invasive treatment of complex intrahepatic bile duct stones.

This study aimed to investigate the value of multidisciplinary team (MDT) management in minimally invasive treatment of complex intrahepatic bile duct stones (IHDs) by laparoscopy, choledochoscopy and percutaneous choledochoscopy. The characteristics, perioperative index, complication rate and minimally invasive rate of patients in MDT group (n = 75) and non-MDT group (n = 70) were compared. The members of MDT include doctors in ultrasound, imaging, hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, anaesthesia and intensive care medicine. The results showed that minimally invasive surgery reduced the incidence of postoperative residual stones, OR (95% CI) = 0.365 (0.141-0.940) (p = 0.037). MDT reduced the operation time, OR (95% CI) = 0.406 (0.207-0.796) (p = 0.009). Minimally invasive surgery significantly reduced intraoperative bleeding, OR (95% CI) = 0.267 (0.133-0.534) (p < 0.001). Minimally invasive surgery also reduced hospitalization time, OR (95% CI) = 0.295 (0.142-0.611) (p = 0.001). The stone clearance rates of MDT group and non-MDT group were 81.33% and 81.43% respectively. In the MDT group, the operative time was less than that in the non-MDT group (p = 0.010); the intraoperative bleeding volume was significantly less than that in the non-MDT group (p < 0.001); the hospitalization time was less than that in the non-MDT group (p = 0.001). Minimally invasive operation rate:48 cases (64.00%) in MDT group were significantly higher than 17 cases (24.29%) in non-MDT group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, minimally invasive procedures can be selected more through MDT. MDT can shorten the operation time, and minimally invasive surgery can reduce the incidence of residual stones, reduce intraoperative bleeding, and may shorten hospital stay. Therefore, MDT management model can provide personalized and minimally invasive surgical protocol for patients with complex IHD, which has high application value.

Swertiamarin suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via negative regulation of FRAT1.

Studies have shown that swertiamarin (STM) has multiple biological activities, but its anti-tumour effects and molecular mechanisms are still unclear. The present research aimed to validate the STM's impacts on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and to study its potential mechanism. Two HCC cell lines were treated with STM. Tumour growth was observed by the mouse tumour xenografts model. HCC cell lines stably expressing T-cell lymphomas 1 (FRAT1) were generated by lentivirusmediated overexpression. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion were observed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), the xCELLigence Real-Time Cell Analyzer system (RTCA), and transwell analysis, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to observe the expression of FRAT1 and proteins related to the Wnt/ß-catenin signalling pathway. Tumour growth was inhibited by STM in vivo. STM suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. STM negatively regulated FRAT1 expression, whereas overexpressed FRAT1 blocked the anti-tumour function of STM. The results revealed that STM suppressed the FRAT1/Wnt/ß-catenin signalling pathway. The findings of this study provide new insights into investigation of therapeutic strategies against HCC.

A brief review concerning Chimeric Antigen Receptors T cell therapy.

The understanding concerning the function of immune system in cancer has achieved considerable advance with time passes by. Manipulating genetically engineered immune cells were investigated as a novel strategy for treating cancer. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are recombinant protein molecules by merging the exquisite targeting the potent cytotoxicity of T cells and specificity of monoclonal antibodies and, which could trigger serial cascades of signal transduction and thereby activate T cells to directly destroy the tumor cells. Manufacturing CAR-modified T lymphocytes were successfully implemented in treating cancer derived from they could specifically retarget tumor-associated antigens, causing effective elimination of tumor cells, which spurred the optimization and development of new CAR-T cell technology. The advancement of synthetic biology methodologies of cell therapy in CAR-T would ultimately provide us with a much safer, reliable and efficient modality to against cancer. This review primarily described the emergence, development and application of cell therapy in CAR-T, then discuss the side effects and the potential factors of tumor reccurrence caused by CAR-T cell therapy, in addition to the corresponding countermeasure concerning complications.

Current Status of Research on the Role of Circular RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Clinical Implications.

The latest statistics show that rates of morbidity and mortality for hepatocellular carcinoma are gradually increasing over time. Accumulating evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in the regulation of gene transcription and translation and exert a crucial role in endogenous RNA network. circRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gastric carcinoma and bladder cancer. Of note, the effect of circRNAs in HCC has drawn increasing public attention. Previous studies revealed that the function of circRNAs mainly consists of sponges of miRNA and RNA-binding proteins, alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs, transcriptional and translational regulators, and potential to encode proteins. In addition, recent research data indicate that the expression level of circRNAs is closely correlated with metastasis, invasion, and occurrence of HCC in patients. These findings imply that circRNAs may be useful as biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of prognosis of HCC. In this review, we have systemically summarized current viewpoints regarding the role of circRNAs expression in HCC to provide an important reference illustrating the underlying mechanism of HCC.

Integrated Analysis of Transcriptomic Data Reveals Key Anti-CKD Targets and Anti-ESRD Targets.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a kidney disease in which there is gradual loss of kidney function over time and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the final stage of CKD. Both CKD and ESRD are worldwide health problems with a high economic cost to health systems. However, the molecular mechanisms of the development of CKD and ESRD remain poorly understood. This study aimed to systematically elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the development of CKD and ESRD. METHODS: Transcriptome data of CKD and ESRD were downloaded from the NCBI-GEO database. Differentially expressed genes between cases and controls (chronic kidney disease patients vs. controls, end-stage renal disease patients vs. controls) were calculated using the empirical Bayes algorithm. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used for analyzing the KEGG pathway difference between cases and controls. Furthermore, CKD and ESRD target genes were obtained from the Thomson Reuters Integrity database. Tissue-specific gene interaction network analysis was performed using the GIANT web server. RESULTS: There were multiple damaged pathways in ESRD but only a few pathways were disturbed in CKD. Furthermore, we identified 9 dysregulated anti-ESRD genes but no dysregulated anti-CKD genes. Network analysis revealed that the NF-kB signaling pathway was essential for ESRD. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed several crucial anti-ESRD genes that are involved in the regulation of the NF-kB signaling pathway. This information may be helpful for the treatment of ESRD.

Co-expression analysis and ceRNA network reveal eight novel potential lncRNA biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer in the world, with a high degree of malignancy and recurrence. The influence of the ceRNA network in tumor on the biological function of liver cancer is very important, It has been reported that many lncRNA play a key role in liver cancer development. In our study, integrated data analysis revealed potential eight novel lncRNA biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: Transcriptome data and clinical data were downloaded from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data portal. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to identify the expression pattern of genes in liver cancer. Then, the ceRNA network was constructed using transcriptome data. RESULTS: The integrated analysis of miRNA and RNAseq in the database show eight novel lncRNAs that may be involved in important biological pathways, including TNM and disease development in liver cancer. We performed function enrichment analysis of mRNAs affected by these lncRNAs. CONCLUSIONS: By identifying the ceRNA network and the lncRNAs that affect liver cancer, we showed that eight novel lncRNAs play an important role in the development and progress of liver cancer.

Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 (PTK7) as a Potential Prognostic and Therapeutic Biomarker in Stages I to IV Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 80-90% of all cases of primary liver cancer, and is one of the ten most common malignancies. This study used bioinformatics analysis to identify genes associated with patient outcome in stages I-IV HCC and the gene pathways that distinguished between normal liver and liver cells and HCC and human HCC cell lines. MATERIAL AND METHODS Target genes were defined as those that had marketed drugs or drugs under development targeting a specific gene and acquired from the Clarivate Analytics Integrity Database. Differential expression gene analysis, co-expression network analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to explore the similarities and differences in gene expression profiles, functional associations, and survival in stage I-IV HCC. Normal liver cells (HL-7702) and HCC cell lines (HepaRG, HepG2, SK-Hep1, and Huh7) were studied using Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Hierarchical gene clustering identified target genes that distinguished between HCC and normal liver tissue. For stages I-IV HCC, there were seven commonly upregulated target genes EPHB1, LTK, NTRK2, PTK7, TBK1, TIE1, and TLR3, which were mainly involved in immune and signaling transduction pathways. PTK7 was highly expressed in stage I-IV HCC and was an independent prognostic marker for reduced overall survival (OS). CONCLUSIONS Bioinformatics analysis, combined with patient survival analysis, identified PTK7 gene expression as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for all stages of HCC.

Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes in hepatocellular carcinoma cells exposed to Swertiamarin.

Aim: To explore gene expression profiling in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells exposed to swertiamarin. Methods: Cell viability, apoptosis and invasion were examined in HepG2 cells after swertiamarin treatment. Tumor growth of SK-Hep-1 cells xenografted in nude mice was monitored after swertiamarin treatment. Total RNA was isolated from HepG2 cells treated with swertiamarin for microarray analysis. The data of microarray were analyzed by bioinformatics. Results: Swertiamarin treatment decreased the viability and invasion while increased the apoptosis of HepG2 cells, and significantly inhibited the growth of SK-Hep-1 cells xenografted in nude mice. Pathway and biological process analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in swertiamarin treated HepG2 cells showed that PI3k-Akt was the most significant regulated pathway. 47 targets of swertiamarin were predicted by CGBVS while 21 targets were predicted by 3NN. Notably, 8 targets were predicted as the targets of swertiamarin by both programs, including two prominent targets JUN and STAT3. A large range of DEGs induced by swertiamarin could be regulated by JUN and STAT3. Conclusion: Swertiamarin treatment led to significant changes in the expression of a variety of genes that modulate cell survival, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and invasion. Moreover, most of these genes can be clustered into pathway networks such as PI3K, JUN, STAT3, which are predicted targets of swertiamarin. Further confirmation of these targets will reveal the anti-tumor mechanisms of swertiamarin and facilitate the development of swertiamarin as a novel agent for cancer prevention and treatment.

Identification of metabolism-associated pathways and genes involved in male and female liver cancer patients.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major type of primary liver cancer. HCC is influenced by sex and multiple metabolic abnormalities. The present study aimed to compare the overall metabolic changes between male and female HCC patients and identify key metabolic genes. Metabolic genes and pathways were identified based on analyses of publicly available data. Differential expression analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, survival analysis and transcriptional regulation analysis were employed to explore sex differences and identify key metabolic genes in HCC. The results suggested that female patients had more severe metabolic gene expression abnormalities and pathway deregulation than male patients. This study identified 9 key metabolic genes, and only upregulated ALDH1A2 independently increased overall survival risk in patients. Bioinformatic analyses suggest that upregulated GATA3 and TAL1 activate ALDH1A2 and then disrupt amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, which may increase the risk of HCC. This study identified a novel contribution of upregulated ALDH1A2 to HCC. Future studies are needed to elucidate the potential metabolic mechanism of the role of ALDH1A2 in HCC.

Long non-coding RNA snaR is involved in the metastasis of liver cancer possibly through TGF-ß1.

It was previously demonstrated that the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small NF90-associated RNA (snaR) served an oncogenic role in human colon cancer, although its roles in other types of cancer remain unknown. To investigate the potential involvement of lncRNA snaR in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), expression of snaR in liver biopsies and plasma of patients with HCC and healthy controls was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. ELISA was used to determine the protein expression levels of transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1). A snaR expression vector was transfected into HCC cells, and the effects on cell migration and invasion were analyzed by Transwell migration and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. The protein expression levels of TGF-ß1 in HCC cells were detected by western blotting. The expression of snaR and TGF-ß1 was significantly increased in the patients with HCC compared with the healthy controls. The plasma expression levels of snaR and TGF-ß1 were positively correlated in patients with HCC; however, not in healthy controls. snaR overexpression significantly promoted cancer cell migration and invasion, and additionally increased TGF-ß1 expression. Treatment with TGF-ß1 did not significantly affect snaR expression. A TGF-ß1 inhibitor attenuated the effects of snaR overexpression in cancer cell migration and invasion. snaR may promote the metastasis of liver cancer through TGF-ß1.

Hsa-miR-3658 Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion by Effecting LASS2 in Bladder Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Hsa-miR-3658 is upregulated in various tumors, but its expression in bladder cancer has been rarely studied. METHODS: In this study, hsa-miR-3658 expressions in several bladder cancer cell lines were examined, and its effect on the malignant degree of bladder cancer and whether hsa-miR-3658 regulates tumor biological behaviors through LASS2 and its downstream molecular pathway were studied and validated. RESULTS: It was found miR-3658 expressions differed among different cell lines, which may be an influence factor on the malignancy. MiR-3658 can enhance the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells, inhibit cell adhesion and reduce cell chemosensitivity. MiR-3658 can promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer cells through the molecular mechanism of affecting the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker protein and related transcription factors. CONCLUSIONS: MiRNA-3658 is upregulated in bladder cancer cells, and this change is associated with the proliferation, invasion and resistance of bladder cancer cells. The effect of miR-3658 on bladder cancer cell biology may be associated with the effect on LASS2.

The role of LASS2 in regulating bladder cancer cell tumorigenicity in a nude mouse model.

Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that LAG1 longevity assurance homolog 2 (LASS2) is a novel tumor suppressor gene that is significantly associated with the proliferation and invasion ability of tumor cells. However, the role LASS2 serves in regulating bladder cancer cell tumorigenicity and tumor growth in vivo has not yet been elucidated in animal or clinical studies. In the present study, LASS2 knockdown in human bladder cancer EJ-M3 cells significantly promoted the growth of xenografts in nude mice compared with the control group, while overexpression of LASS2 suppressed tumor growth; however, this was not statistically significant. Furthermore, LASS2 knockdown resulted in more apparent heteromorphism and a higher activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in xenograft tumors. The data from the present study demonstrated that LASS2 knockdown significantly promoted the tumorigenicity and growth of EJ-M3 xenograft tumors in nude mice, and that LASS2 overexpression has a tendency to inhibit the growth of xenografts, suggesting that it may be a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancer.