Limited transmission of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae between animals and humans: A Study in Qingdao.

Despite no carbapenem use in food animals, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) perseveres within food animals, rising significant concerns regarding public health risks originating from these non-clinical reservoirs. To investigate the potential link between CRKP in food animals and its infections in humans, we conducted a cross-sectional study encompassing human clinical, meat products, and farm animals, in Qingdao city, Shandong province, China. We observed a relatively higher presence of CRKP among hospital inpatients (7.3%) compared to that in the meat products (2.7%) and farm animals (pig, 4.6%; chicken, 0.63%). Multilocus sequence typing and core-genome phylogenetic analyses confirms there is no evidence of farm animals and meat products in the clinical acquisition of K. pneumoniae isolates and carbapenem-resistant genes. However, potential transmission of K. pneumoniae of ST659 and IncX3 plasmid harboring blaNDM-5 gene from pigs to pork and farm workers was observed. Our findings suggest a limited role of farm animals and meat products in the human clinical acquisition of K. pneumoniae, and the transmission of K. pneumoniae is more common within settings, than between them.

Pressure-Induced Defects and Reduced Size Endow TiO2 with High Capacity over 20 000 Cycles and Excellent Fast-Charging Performance in Sodium Ion Batteries.

Anatase TiO2 as sodium-ion-battery anode has attracted increased attention because of its low volume change and good safety. However, low capacity and poor rate performance caused by low electrical conductivity and slow ion diffusion greatly impede its practical applications. Here, a bi-solvent enhanced pressure strategy that induces defects (oxygen vacancies) into TiO2 via N doping and reduces its size by using mutual-solvent ethanol and dopant dimethylformamide as pressure-increased reagent of tetrabutyl orthotitanate tetramer is proposed to fabricate N-doped TiO2 /C nanocomposites. The induced defects can increase ion storage sites, improve electrical conductivity, and decrease bandgap and ion diffuse energy barrier of TiO2 . The size reduction increases contact interfaces between TiO2 and C and shortens ion diffuse distance, thus increasing extra ion storage sites and boosting ion diffusion rate of TiO2 . The N-doped TiO2 possesses highly stable crystal structure with a slightly increase of 0.86% in crystal lattice spacing and 3.2% in particle size after fully sodiation. Consequently, as a sodium-ion battery anode, the nanocomposite delivers high capacity and superior rate capability along with ultralong cycling life. This work proposes a novel pressure-induced synthesis strategy that provides unique guidance for designing TiO2 -based anode materials with high capacity and excellent fast-charging capability.

Identification of Cbx6 as a potential biomarker in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND: Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RIRI) is an inevitable consequence of kidney transplantation and has a negative impact on both short-term and long-term graft survival. The identification of key markers in RIRI to improve the prognosis of patients would be highly advantageous. METHODS: Gene expression profile data of GSE27274 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using the Limma package. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment of DEGs were performed. Support vector machine-recursive feature elimination and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression modeling were both performed to identify potential biomarkers. The GSE148420 dataset, quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR, and western blotting results of kidney tissue samples were used to validate the bioinformatic analysis. Lastly, exploring differences between different groups through gene set enrichment analysis and using DsigDB database to identify potential therapeutic drugs targeting hub genes. RESULTS: A total of 160 upregulated and 180 downregulated DEGs were identified. Functional enrichment analysis identified significant enrichment in processes involving peroxisomes. As a subunit of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1(PRC1), chromobox 6(Cbx6) was identified as a potential biomarker with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.875 (95% confidence interval 0.624-1.000) in the validation cohort, and it was highly expressed in the RIRI group (p < 0.05). In the high expression group Cbx6 was more enriched in the toll-like receptor signaling pathway. We predicted 15 potential drugs targeting hub genes of RIRI. CONCLUSIONS: We identified Cbx6 as a potential biomarker for RIRI and 15 potential drugs for the treatment of RIRI, which might shed a light on the treatment of RIRI.

ABO-incompatible living donor kidney transplantation failure due to acute blood group antibody-dependent rejection triggered by human parvovirus B19 infection: a case report and literature review.

Background: With the improvement of immunosuppressive regimens, the success rate and availability of ABO-incompatible (ABO-i) kidney transplantation (KT) have gradually increased. However, the management of immunosuppression protocols and complications associated with ABO-i KT is complex. Here, we report a clinical case of ABO-i living donor KT with allograft dysfunction caused by acute blood group antibody-dependent rejection triggered by human parvovirus B19 (B19V). Case report: The ABO blood group of the recipient was O, and that of the donor was B. The recipient had high baseline anti-B antibody titers (IgM, 1:1024; IgG, 1:64). Before transplantation, he completed a desensitization protocol comprising plasma exchange, double-filtration plasmapheresis, and rituximab, which maintained a low blood group antibody level and resulted in successful transplantation. Two weeks after surgery, the recipient developed a B19V infection combined with acute T-cell-mediated rejection. After the anti-rejection regimen, acute rejection (AR) was successfully reversed, but B19V persisted. One week after AR stabilization, the patient experienced acute antibody-mediated rejection that was more severe and refractory, resulting in the loss of the transplanted kidney. Conclusion: Desensitization combined with immunosuppressants can lead to overimmunosuppression and cause various infections. Infections could break the accommodation state of the patient, thereby inducing AR and resulting in the loss of the transplanted kidney.

Sirolimus in combination with low-dose extended-release tacrolimus in kidney transplant recipients.

Introduction: Many challenges remain for long-term survival of renal allografts. Once-daily sirolimus (SRL) combined with low-dose extended-release tacrolimus (LER-TAC) may improve medication adherence and reduce the potential nephrotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) compared with standard immunosuppression regimens, thus potentially improving long-term graft survival. Methods: This retrospective, observational, single-center, propensity score matching (PSM) study compared conversion to SRL combined with low-dose ER-TAC and mycophenolic acid (MPA) combined with standard-dose TAC in kidney transplant recipients. After PSM, there were 56 patients in each group. Efficacy, safety, and medication adherence were evaluated over 12 months. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of graft and recipient survival and incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection (p = 1.000), and none of the recipients developed dnDSA after conversion. The mean eGFR improved in SRL + LER-TAC group after conversion compared to before conversion (51.12 ± 20.1 ml/min/1.73 m2 vs. 56.97 ± 19.23 ml/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.05). The medication adherence at 12 months after conversion was superior to before conversion (p = 0.002). Discussion: Our findings suggest that an immunosuppressive regimen of SRL combined with low-dose ER-TAC is no less effective and safe than standard immunosuppressive regimens for renal transplant recipients and may improve graft renal function and medication adherence.

A Data-Driven Analysis Method for the Trajectory of Power Carbon Emission in the Urban Area.

"Industry 4.0" aims to build a highly versatile, individualized digital production model for goods and services. The carbon emission (CE) issue needs to be addressed by changing from centralized control to decentralized and enhanced control. Based on a solid CE monitoring, reporting, and verification system, it is necessary to study future power system CE dynamics simulation technology. In this article, a data-driven approach is proposed to analyzing the trajectory of urban electricity CEs based on empirical mode decomposition, which suggests combining macro-energy thinking and big data thinking by removing the barriers among power systems and related technological, economic, and environmental domains. Based on multisource heterogeneous mass data acquisition, effective secondary data can be extracted through the integration of statistical analysis, causal analysis, and behavior analysis, which can help construct a simulation environment supporting the dynamic interaction among mathematical models, multi-agents, and human participants.

[Synergistic effect of ß-thujaplicin and tigecycline against tet(X4)-positive Escherichia coli in vitro].

The widespread of tigecycline resistance gene tet(X4) has a serious impact on the clinical efficacy of tigecycline. The development of effective antibiotic adjuvants to combat the looming tigecycline resistance is needed. The synergistic activity between the natural compound ß-thujaplicin and tigecycline in vitro was determined by the checkerboard broth microdilution assay and time-dependent killing curve. The mechanism underlining the synergistic effect between ß-thujaplicin and tigecycline against tet(X4)-positive Escherichia coli was investigated by determining cell membrane permeability, bacterial intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, iron content, and tigecycline content. ß-thujaplicin exhibited potentiation effect on tigecycline against tet(X4)-positive E. coli in vitro, and presented no significant hemolysis and cytotoxicity within the range of antibacterial concentrations. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that ß-thujaplicin significantly increased the permeability of bacterial cell membranes, chelated bacterial intracellular iron, disrupted the iron homeostasis and significantly increased intracellular ROS level. The synergistic effect of ß-thujaplicin and tigecycline was identified to be related to interfere with bacterial iron metabolism and facilitate bacterial cell membrane permeability. Our studies provided theoretical and practical data for the application of combined ß-thujaplicin with tigecycline in the treatment of tet(X4)-positive E. coli infection.

In Situ Observation of C-C Coupling and Step Poisoning During the Growth of Hydrocarbon Chains on Ni(111).

The synthesis of high-value fuels and plastics starting from small hydrocarbon molecules plays a central role in the current transition towards renewable energy. However, the detailed mechanisms driving the growth of hydrocarbon chains remain to a large extent unknown. Here we investigated the formation of hydrocarbon chains resulting from acetylene polymerization on a Ni(111) model catalyst surface. Exploiting X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy up to near-ambient pressures, the intermediate species and reaction products have been identified. Complementary in situ scanning tunneling microscopy observations shed light onto the C-C coupling mechanism. While the step edges of the metal catalyst are commonly assumed to be the active sites for the C-C coupling, we showed that the polymerization occurs instead on the flat terraces of the metallic surface.

Bioinformatics analysis of immune-related prognostic genes and immunotherapy in renal clear cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is an immunogenic tumor, and investigating the immunorelated genes is essential. To investigate the immunoprognostic genes of ccRCC, we analyzed the data assimilated from a public database (The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database) using bioinformatics. Then, an immunoprognosis model was constructed to identify four hub genes with moderate predictive values for the prognosis of ccRCC patients. These four genes were associated with the prognosis of ccRCC patients based on Oncomine and Gena Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) databases. The correlation analysis between the immune infiltrate, immune checkpoints, and immunotherapy and this immunoprognosis model showed that immune infiltration could predict the immunotherapy effects. We also conducted a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and found that the expressions of three hub genes were associated with tumor progression (P<0.1). In conclusion, four genes that may serve as potential biomarkers in ccRCC were identified with respect to prognosis.

Quantitative optical diagnostics on macroscopic soot onset for ethylene diffusion flames with ethyl ester addition.

A novel quantitative optical diagnostics method for determining the threshold of soot onset in counterflow diffusion flames was proposed and demonstrated. The method was based on the proportional discrimination of trichromatic luminescence and the nonparametric and unsupervised automatic threshold selection algorithm. The macroscopic soot onset threshold in ethylene diffusion flame with three ethyl esters additions could be precisely determined. It was found that the undesirable soot onset phenomenon for ethylene diffusion flames was significantly suppressed with ethyl ester addition. The method proposed here will be useful as a reference for soot diagnostics in other flames.

Characterization of blaNDM-5-and blaCTX-M-199-Producing ST167 Escherichia coli Isolated from Shared Bikes.

Shared bikes as a public transport provide convenience for short-distance travel. Whilst they also act as a potential vector for antimicrobial resistant (AR) bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). However, the understanding of the whole genome sequence of AR strains and ARGs-carrying plasmids collected from shared bikes is still lacking. Here, we used the HiSeq platform to sequence and analyze 24 Escherichia coli isolated from shared bikes around Metro Stations in Beijing. The isolates from shared bikes showed 14 STs and various genotypes. Two blaNDM-5 and blaCTX-M-199-producing ST167 E. coli have 16 resistance genes, four plasmid types and show >95% of similarities in core genomes compared with the ST167 E. coli strains from different origins. The blaNDM-5- or blaCTX-M-199-carrying plasmids sequencing by Nanopore were compared to plasmids with blaNDM-5- or blaCTX-M-199 originated from humans and animals. These two ST167 E. coli show high similarities in core genomes and the plasmid profiles with strains from hospital inpatients and farm animals. Our study indicated that ST167 E. coli is retained in diverse environments and carried with various plasmids. The analysis of strains such as ST167 can provide useful information for preventing or controlling the spread of AR bacteria between animals, humans and environments.

Allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote the expression of chondrocyte redifferentiation markers and retard the progression of knee osteoarthritis in rabbits.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressively degenerative disease of joints. In vitro culture of chondrocytes results in dedifferentiation, which is characterized by the development of fibroblast phenotypes, reduced ability to produce cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) and increase the expression of molecular markers Col1a1, Col10a1 and Runx2. Redifferentiation of chondrocytes is indicated by increased expression of the molecular markers Col2a1, Aggrecan and Sox9. In the current study, we investigated the effects of allogeneic rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) on articular chondrocytes, and explored the therapeutic effect of ADSCs on damaged articular cartilage at different stages in a rabbit OA model. In vitro, the proliferation and migration of primary articular chondrocytes were enhanced by cocultured rabbit ADSCs, and the expression of redifferentiation markers in chondrocytes cocultured with ADSCs was increased at both the mRNA and protein levels, while the expression of dedifferentiation markers was decreased. In vivo, the rabbit model of OA was established by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) with complete medial meniscectomy (MMx). Two weeks after surgery, ADSCs were used for OA rabbit treatment. Intra-articular injection of ADSCs gradually alleviated articular cartilage destruction, decreased Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) and Mankin scores, and reduced MMP13 expression at different stages in the rabbit model of OA. During the experiment, allogeneic ADSCs did not cause any adverse events. The current study demonstrates the effects and molecular mechanisms of ADSCs on articular chondrocytes and provides a favorable reference for clinical OA treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue.

Curcumin Supplementation Enhances Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Promote the Anabolism of Articular Chondrocytes and Cartilage Repair.

Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrows (BMSCs) and curcumin derived from turmeric were used for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment, respectively. We invested the effects of curcumin supplementation for BMSC therapeutic effects. In vitro, rat BMSCs were identified by dual-immunofluorescent staining of CD44 and CD90, and flow cytometry. Primary articular chondrocytes were identified by toluidine blue staining and immunofluorescent staining of Col2a1. EdU incorporation, migration assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analyses were performed to evaluate the alterations of chondrocytes cocultured with BMSCs. In vivo, the rat model of OA was established by monoiodoacetic acid. After intra-articular injection of allogeneic BMSCs, articular cartilage damage and OA progression were evaluated by histological staining, and Osteoarthritis Research Society International and Mankin score evaluation. Although curcumin alone did not improve cell viability of primary articular chondrocytes, it promoted proliferation and migration of chondrocytes when cocultured with BMSCs. Meanwhile, the expression of anabolic genes in chondrocytes was remarkably increased both at mRNA and protein levels. In OA rats, curcumin and BMSCs cooperated to greatly promote articular cartilage repair and retard OA progression. Therefore, curcumin supplementation enhanced the BMSC function for the proliferation and migration of articular chondrocytes, and anabolic gene expression of extracellular matrix in articular chondrocytes in vitro, and the generation of articular cartilage in vivo. Our study shed light on the potential clinical application of curcumin cooperated with BMSCs in cartilage repair for OA treatment.

Prevalence and risk analysis of mobile colistin resistance and extended-spectrum ß-lactamase genes carriage in pet dogs and their owners: a population based cross-sectional study.

Mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-1 and extended-spectrum ß-lactamase gene bla CTX-M are highly prevalent in human - and pet-derived bacteria. Isolation of identical strains of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (MCRPEC) or bla CTX-M-positive E. coli (CTX-MPEC) from pets and humans highlighted the potential for co-colonization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria which can be a risk for dissemination of resistance genes. In this study, the prevalence of mcr-1 and bla CTX-M carriage from rectal swabs in 299 families (dogs and their owners) were 2.7 and 5.3%, respectively. We identified a significant association of mcr-1 carriage between dogs and their owners. Whilst antibiotic use in the previous three months was associated with bla CTX-M carriage in dogs. Only one instance of dog and owner carrying identical CTX-MPEC was observed. Although the prevalence of identical strains in one family is rare, the huge number of dog ownership worldwide suggest that this threat should not be underestimated.

Prevalence and dissemination risk of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from shared bikes in Beijing, China.

Bike-sharing as a common public transportation has been booming in China in recent years. Previous studies showed that the surfaces of public transport can act as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) bacteria, but AR bacterial contamination of shared bikes has not been investigated. Otherwise, the AR-Enterobacteriaceae is considered as a global health threat for humans. Herein, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of AR Enterobacteriaceae on shared bikes and examine correlations between AR Enterobacteriaceae from shared bikes and public buildings around Metro stations in Beijing. We collected 2117 samples from shared bikes at 240 Metro stations in Beijing. A total of 444 non-duplicate Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 418 samples at 166 stations. The isolates exhibited low rates of resistance (0.5%-6.3%) to all antimicrobial agents except sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (31.5%). Three ceftazidime-resistant E. coli isolates were positive for blaCTX-M-199 and two of them were positive for carbapenemase-producing gene blaNDM-5. Multivariable logistic regression model revealed that variable "secondary/tertiary non-profit hospital nearby" was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with isolation of AR Enterobacteriaceae from the shared bikes around the Metro stations. Low AR rates of Enterobacteriaceae observed in this study suggested the risk of dissemination of AR-Enterobacteriaceae via shared bikes is limited. However, we identified hospitals as a risk factor for the dissemination of AR Enterobacteriaceae among shared bike users. More attention should be paid to both comprehensive hygiene managements in the surrounding environment of hospitals and the increasing of public awareness on the personal hygienic habits.

Using photoelectron spectroscopy to observe oxygen spillover to zirconia.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of five-monolayer-thick ZrO2 films reveals a core level binding energy difference of up to 1.8 eV between the tetragonal and monoclinic phase. This difference is explained by positively charged oxygen vacancies in the tetragonal films, which are slightly reduced. Due to the large band gap of zirconia (≈5-6 eV), these charges shift the electron levels, leading to higher binding energies of reduced tetragonal films w.r.t. fully oxidized monoclinic films. These core level shifts have the opposite direction than what is usually encountered for reduced transition metal oxides. The vacancies can be filled via oxygen spillover from a catalyst that enables O2 dissociation. This can be either a metal deposited on the film, or, if the film has holes, the metallic (in our case, Rh) substrate. Our study also confirms that tetragonal ZrO2 is stabilized via oxygen vacancies and shows that the XPS binding energy difference between O 1s and Zr 3d solely depends on the crystallographic phase.

Imaging on-surface hierarchical assembly of chiral supramolecular networks.

The bottom-up assembly of chiral structures usually relies on a cascade of molecular recognition interactions. A thorough description of these complex stereochemical mechanisms requires the capability of imaging multilevel coordination in real-time. Here we report the first direct observation of hierarchical expression of supramolecular chirality at work, for 10,10'-dibromo-9,9'-bianthryl (DBBA) on Cu(111). Molecular recognition first steers the growth of chiral organometallic chains and then leads to the formation of enantiopure islands. The structure of the networks was determined by noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM), while high-speed scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) revealed details of the assembly mechanisms at the ms time-scale. The direct observation of the chirality transfer pathways allowed us to evaluate the enantioselectivity of the interchain coupling.

Growing three-dimensional biomorphic graphene powders using naturally abundant diatomite templates towards high solution processability.

Mass production of high-quality graphene with low cost is the footstone for its widespread practical applications. We present herein a self-limited growth approach for producing graphene powders by a small-methane-flow chemical vapour deposition process on naturally abundant and industrially widely used diatomite (biosilica) substrates. Distinct from the chemically exfoliated graphene, thus-produced biomorphic graphene is highly crystallized with atomic layer-thickness controllability, structural designability and less noncarbon impurities. In particular, the individual graphene microarchitectures preserve a three-dimensional naturally curved surface morphology of original diatom frustules, effectively overcoming the interlayer stacking and hence giving excellent dispersion performance in fabricating solution-processible electrodes. The graphene films derived from as-made graphene powders, compatible with either rod-coating, or inkjet and roll-to-roll printing techniques, exhibit much higher electrical conductivity (∼110,700 S m-1 at 80% transmittance) than previously reported solution-based counterparts. This work thus puts forward a practical route for low-cost mass production of various powdery two-dimensional materials.

Direct Chemical Vapor Deposition-Derived Graphene Glasses Targeting Wide Ranged Applications.

Direct growth of graphene on traditional glasses is of great importance for various daily life applications. We report herein the catalyst-free atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition approach to directly synthesizing large-area, uniform graphene films on solid glasses. The optical transparency and sheet resistance of such kinds of graphene glasses can be readily adjusted together with the experimentally tunable layer thickness of graphene. More significantly, these graphene glasses find a broad range of real applications by enabling the low-cost construction of heating devices, transparent electrodes, photocatalytic plates, and smart windows. With a practical scalability, the present work will stimulate various applications of transparent, electrically and thermally conductive graphene glasses in real-life scenarios.

Carbide-forming groups IVB-VIB metals: a new territory in the periodic table for CVD growth of graphene.

Early transition metals, especially groups IVB-VIB metals, can form stable carbides, which are known to exhibit excellent "noble-metal-like" catalytic activities. We demonstrate herein the applications of groups IVB-VIB metals in graphene growth using atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition technique. Similar to the extensively studied Cu, Ni, and noble metals, these transition-metal foils facilitate the catalytic growth of single- to few-layer graphene. The most attractive advantage over the existing catalysts is their perfect control of layer thickness and uniformity with highly flexible experimental conditions by in situ converting the dissolved carbons into stable carbides to fully suppress the upward segregation/precipitation effect. The growth performance of graphene on these transition metals can be well explained by the periodic physicochemical properties of elements. Our work has disclosed a new territory of catalysts in the periodic table for graphene growth and is expected to trigger more interest in graphene research.