[Dynamics of indicators of physical development of preschool children of ufa].

A comparative analysis of indicators ofphysical development ofpreschool children of Ufa for 1978, 1999 and 2014 showed mixed changes or no statistically reliable changes in the indicators in preschool children of different groups from 1978 to 1999. In the periodfrom 1999 to 2014 in some groups of preschool children revealed statistically reliable positive changes in the indices, whereas statistically reliable decrease of indicators was not. A favorable fact is also increase in comparison with 1999, the percentage of preschool children with harmonious physical development.

[Modern features of the formation of occupational diseases and insurance coverage on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan].

There was executed the analysis of morbidity and disability rate in workers with occupational diseases (poisoning) of the Republic ofBashkortostan for the periodfrom 2010 to 2014. There is reflected the sectoral distribution of the relative indices of the occupational morbidity. There are selected factors of labor and the labor process, promoting occupational diseases (OD). The leading place in the structure of primary morbidity is held by OD related to physical overload and functional overexertion of certain organs and systems; the second - by diseases associated with exposure to physicalfactors; the third - by diseases from exposure to workplace allergens. This is followed by illness (intoxications) caused by exposure to chemical factors, industrial aerosols. The share of OD from exposure to biological agents and professional tumors in total accounts for about 2.0% of all cases of OD revealed for the first time.

[ON PREVENTION OF CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN].

According to official statistics, in the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB) since 1991 there is noted the increase in the number of patients with cystic echinococcosis. In 2012, the number of recorded cases increased by 55.3% if compared with 2007. In the areas of RB, where there was observed the high index of population morbidity rate, there was noted the extensive growth of the infestation in sheep. The analysis of the landscape-climatic and sanitary characteristics of the territory of the RB, as well as population economic activity revealed a definite relationship between them and the spread of echinococcosis. The performed survey of rural residents of RB showed that the population is poorly informed about the factors of transmission and ways of infection by echinococcosis. Out of respondents 73% were wrong in determining factors of transmission of infection, 34% admitted irregularities in the disposal of slaughtering condemned products. Fully correct answers were given only by 9% of respondents. The research of fruitfulness of hydatid bubbles and viability of Protoscolexes revealed that the effect of hot water (t = 90-100 ° C) is effective for disinfecting of invasive origins of larvocysts. Due to the low level of awareness of the population there is needed an active health education work on effective measures to prevent the spread of echinococcosis in RB--the prevention of feeding dogs with raw slaughtering waste and decontamination in the private courtyard slaughtering condemned products with the hot water.

[Hygienic assessment of organization of an educational process in the general education establishments of a large town].

The mental health status of a rising generation is a necessary condition for acquiring professional knowledge and work skills and socializing the personality. In the opinion of many investigators, schoolchildren's mental health maintenance depends on the correct organization of a teaching process and on the observance of the hygienic academic work standards to a large measure. The assessment of organization of a teaching process at different types of urban general educational establishments has revealed a number of failures to observe the sanitary-and-epidemiological regulations and standards of SanPin 2.4.2.1178, these failures being most pronounced at innovational schools of mainly liberal education (gymnasia). Comparative assessment of the emotional status of pupils from the schools being examined, by studying the rates of anxiety and depression, has indicated that mental dysadaptation of pupils from innovational schools is significantly higher than that in those from secondary general educational ones. Mental dysadaptation is more evident in gymnasium pupils than that in lyceum ones. The evaluation of the impact of an academic load at the examined schools on the development of mental dysadaptation in the pupils has confirmed that there is a direct correlation with their emotional status in terms of the rates of anxiety and depression, suggesting that an academic load plays a key role in the development of mental dysadaptation in pupils and that there is a need for searching for the most effective and acceptable mechanisms of its optimization in order to prevent mental dysadaptation in schoolchildren.

[Integrated assessment of educational conditions in general education establishments of different types].

The integrated assessment of urban general educational establishments has revealed that teaching conditions at most of them do not meet the requirements of hygiene and the natural science bases of age-related psychophysiology. Only at the recently commissioned schools, the teaching conditions are recognized to be acceptable and they may become optimal on remedying flaws in the organization of a teaching-and-educational process. The conditions at other earlier built schools are moderately hazardous. The routine and organization of a teaching-and-educational process have more significant deviations at innovational schools than those at secondary general education ones. Disadvantages in the organization of medical provision are more frequently observed at innovational schools too. The negative impact of higher loads at innovational schools can be leveled, by actively introducing into an educational process the health-preserving and health-improving technologies that should be employed by teachers and medical workers.

[Main trends in the physical development of young children].

The physical development ofjunior schoolchildren living in Ufa, a large industrial town, was studied. The findings were compared with the data of the 1946-1947, 1972, and 1998 studies of physical development. Analysis of the materials indicated that the accelerating processes among young children continued till the end of the previous century, the maximum change in anthropometric indices being observed in the period of 1947 to 1972. In the past years, there has been a gradual decrease in the average values of length in junior schoolchildren and there has been a tendency for body weight and chest circumference to decrease.

[Role of higher education institutions in doctors training and their health care].

Bashkirsky State Medical University served as an example for evaluating role of higher education institution in development of medical staffers in the region and their health care.

[A system for predicting the acute toxicity of chemical substances].

A method has been proposed to recognize and predict the range values of acute toxicity (LD50) and for this a system has been developed. The essence of the method is to gradually decrease the predictable toxicity ranges for the test substances in a stepwise manner while advancing within the formed predictive complexes. The transmission of information on the structure of compounds along this complex is determined by the preset logistic scheme along which narrower LD50 ranges are designated. The intervals are automatically set, by optimizing the recognition of the properties of compounds at the stage of formation of models (that recognize the set of signs). The predicting system includes two predicting complexes and contains a total of 30 mathematical models: for heterocyclic and carbocyclic compounds. Logistic schemes for passage of predictable compounds have been developed for each complex in accordance with the hierarchic organization of the elements that are constituents of the complex. The prediction significance is 70-90%.

[The hygienic assessment of atmospheric pollution by xylene isomers]. / Gigienicheskaia otsenka zagriazneniia atmosfernogo vozdukha izomerami ksilola.

The biological action of xylol isomers as ambient air pollutants was investigated. The maximum single allowable concentrations of orthoxylol (0.3 mg/m3), methaxylol (0.24 mg/m3), papaxylol (0.27 mg/m3) were determined by measuring the odour thresholds of the substances in 122 volunteers. The average daily allowable concentrations of the xylol isomers were found to be 0.4, 0.16, and 0.96 mg/m3, respectively.

[State of energy metabolism and microsomal monooxygenases in animals exposed to inhaled 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene]. / Sostoianie énergeticheskogo metabolizma i mikrosomal'nykh monooksigenaz u zhivotnykh pri ingaliatsionnom vozdeistvii 1,2,4-trimetilbenzola.

The investigations demonstrate that unfavourable changes occur in the tissues and red blood cells of the animals exposed to a single dose of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (TMB) in a concentration of 10 mg/m3; moreover, the inclusion of 32P is increased in the biochemical structures of the animals and the concentrations of Na, K, Mg, and Ca ions change. Exposure to TMB, 0.01-1.0 mg/m3 causes profound changes in the animals. Microsomal monooxygenases were found to activate in the lung, liver, and kidney of the animals exposed to TB in concentrations of 10 and 1 mg/m3.

[Assessing the health status of workers by using chemiluminescent study methods]. / Otsenka sostoianiia zdorov'ia rabotaiushchikh s pomoshch'iu khemiliuminestsentnykh metodov issledovaniia.

A hygienic assessment of the working conditions and health of the workers engaged in the manufacture of pyromellitic dianhydride is given. A survey of 135 workers has shown changes in blood and urinary chemiluminescence in some of them.