RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Porcine interferon-γ (poIFN-γ) and porcine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (poGM-CSF) are multifunctional cytokines that exhibit robust antiviral activity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). In this study, the immunoadjuvant effects of recombinant poIFN-γ-poGM-CSF fusion protein in inactivated PRRSV vaccine administered to piglets were assessed. ANIMALS: Twenty-eight 4-week-old specific pathogen-free piglets. METHODS: The experimental piglets were divided into control, highly pathologic PRRSV, PRRSV killed virus vaccine (KV), poIFN-γ-poGM-CSF, KV + 1.0 mg poIFN-γ-poGM-CSF, KV + 2.0 mg poIFN-γ-poGM-CSF, and KV + 4.0 mg poIFN-γ-poGM-CSF groups. A recombinant poIFN-γ-linker-poGM-CSF fusion gene was constructed via splicing by overlap extension PCR and prepared using an Escherichia coli expression system, after which its adjuvant activity in the context of PRRSV KV administration was assessed. RESULTS: This analysis revealed the successful construction of the poIFN-γ-linker-poGM-CSF fusion gene via splicing by overlap extension PCR, with recombinant poIFN-γ-linker-poGM-CSF successfully being prepared in E coli with a plasmid vector for expressing thioredoxin fusion proteins with an enterokinase site. Importantly, the coadministration of poIFN-γ-linker-poGM-CSF and PRRSV KV significantly increased neutralizing antibody titers, accelerated viral clearance, reduced clinical symptoms, and prevented highly pathogenic PRRSV infection. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The recombinant poIFN-γ-poGM-CSF fusion protein is a promising candidate adjuvant for use in the context of swine immunization and viral challenge.
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Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos y Macrófagos , Interferón gamma , Síndrome Respiratorio y de la Reproducción Porcina , Virus del Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo Porcino , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados , Vacunas Virales , Animales , Porcinos , Virus del Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo Porcino/inmunología , Síndrome Respiratorio y de la Reproducción Porcina/prevención & control , Síndrome Respiratorio y de la Reproducción Porcina/inmunología , Vacunas Virales/inmunología , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/inmunología , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos y Macrófagos/inmunología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Organismos Libres de Patógenos EspecíficosRESUMEN
Recognizing watershed runoff process and its component sources is a prerequisite for the rational use of water resources. To elucidate the effects and quantitative contributions of various vegetation types on the components of watershed runoff, we centered on the Caijiachuan main channel watershed in Jixian, Shanxi and five sub-watersheds with distinct vegetation types. By tracking the hydrological responses to two representative rainfall events and assessing the spatiotemporal variations in hydrogen and oxygen isotope signatures, we aimed to discern disparities in the runoff processes across these sub-watersheds and pinpoint their constituent origins. The results showed that under medium rainfall condition, the contribution rates of event water to the river flow of each watershed were in an order of protected forest (94.3%) > Caijiachuan main channel (83.1%) > agro-pastoral composite (64.3%) > plantation-secondary forest (52.4%) > cropland (0.3%) > secondary forest (0.0%); under light rainfall condition, plantation-secondary forest (52.4%) > protected forest (58.5%) > cropland (40.6%) > secondary forest (15.8%) > agro-pastoral composite (12.5%) > Caijiachuan main channel (9.3%). The event water contribution rate of secondary forest and protected forest watersheds to runoff was higher than that of plantation watersheds. The secondary forests watersheds had a stronger runoff storage capacity. The event water contribution rate of protected forest and agro-pastoral composite watersheds under medium rainfall intensity condition was greater than that under light rainfall intensity condition, while the event water contribution rate of cropland, plantation-secondary forest, and secondary forest watersheds was in adverse. The event water contribution to the runoff of forested watersheds was greater than that of cropland watersheds, which may be related to the presence of silt dams at the mouth of agricultural watershed channels. This study can provide a scientific basis for the analysis of water conservation and runoff change attribution in the loess area of west Shanxi.
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Conservación de los Recursos Hídricos , Hidrógeno , Movimientos del Agua , Bosques , Conservación de los Recursos Hídricos/métodos , AguaRESUMEN
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of bacterial diarrhea in piglets, leading to economic losses in the pig industry. In past decades, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have shown to be widely involved in the regulation of host immunity in porcine infection diseases. In this study, we explored the lncRNAs associated with ETEC F41 infection in IPEC-J2 cells by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. A total of 10150 novel porcine lncRNAs were identified. There were 161 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs associated with ETEC F41 infection, of which 65 DE lncRNAs were up-regulated and 96 DE lncRNAs were down-regulated. Functional and KEGG enrichment analysis of predicted target genes of DE lncRNAs indicated they are enriched in cell growth and inflammation-related pathways, such as endocytosis, focal adhesion, TGF-ß signaling pathway, and adherens junctions. We revealed a novel candidate lncRNA MPHOSPH9-OT1 that was up-regulated after ETEC infection. The qRT-PCR validation and ELISA assessment showed the knockdown and overexpression of MPHOSPH9-OT1 resulted in significantly down- and up-regulation of cellular mRNA levels and secreted cytokine levels of CXCL8/IL-8, respectively. Meanwhile, MPHOSPH9-OT1 equilibrium is important to maintain the transepithelial electric resistance value and tight junction protein expression of IPEC-J2 cells. This study provides insights into the functionality of novel porcine lncRNAs in host immune responses to ETEC infection.
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Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/genética , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigénica , Infecciones por Escherichia coli , ARN Largo no Codificante , Enfermedades de los Porcinos , Animales , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigénica/genética , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/inmunología , Interleucina-8/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , RNA-Seq , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/genética , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Humoral immunity plays an important role in the prevention of canine distemper. Anti-CD virus (CDV) antibody has strong antiviral activity and is widely used in the treatment of CD. However, with the increase of CD cases, the availability of therapeutic CD antibody fell short of the clinical needs. RESULTS: The high-titer antiserum with the high-titer neutralizing activity against CDV was obtained from the donkeys (Dezhou Donkey) immunized with the inactivated CDV vaccine. The donkey anti-CDV IgG was purified from the donkey serum, which was identified to significantly inhibit the CDV replication in the cultured Vero cells and effectively reduce the clinical symptoms and increase the survival rates (75%) of CDV-infected dogs (Shih-tzu Dog), similar to that treated with the dog-derived anti-CDV IgG. These results indicate that donkey-derived IgG is a potential substitute for dog-derived IgG to treat the CD in clinic. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of donkey-derived anti-CDV IgG can ameliorate clinical symptoms and inhibit virus replication, thereby increasing the survival of CDV-infected dogs. This study opens up a new source of therapeutic antibody for CD treatment.
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Anticuerpos Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Virus del Moquillo Canino/inmunología , Moquillo/terapia , Sueros Inmunes/inmunología , Inmunización Pasiva/veterinaria , Inmunoglobulina G/uso terapéutico , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Perros , Equidae , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Tasa de Supervivencia , Replicación ViralRESUMEN
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases in swine, the most common of which are postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). To investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of PCV2 in Hebei Province, Northern China, from 2016 to 2019, a total of 448 suspected cases of PCV2 infection were studied, and 179 samples were positive for PCV2. A pathological and histopathological examination suggested PCV2 to be cause of the observed lesions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that four genotypes were prevalent in Hebei Province: PCV2a, 2b, 2d, and 2e. Analysis of PCV2 strains using RDP4 and SimPlot showed that there were genetic recombination events among PCV2 strains in Hebei Province. A total of 3284 serum samples were screened by ELISA, and the positive rate of PCV2 antibodies was 73.9% (2428/3284). This study provides a scientific reference for the prevention and treatment of PCV2 in Hebei Province.
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Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Infecciones por Circoviridae/veterinaria , Circovirus/clasificación , Síndrome Multisistémico de Emaciación Posdestete Porcino/epidemiología , Animales , China/epidemiología , Infecciones por Circoviridae/sangre , Circovirus/genética , Circovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Variación Genética , Filogenia , Síndrome Multisistémico de Emaciación Posdestete Porcino/virología , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , PorcinosRESUMEN
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) possesses potent anti-atherogenic function, however, the underlying pharmacological mechanism remains incompletely understood. Previous studies suggest that oxidized LDL (oxLDL)-induced NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome activation in macrophages plays a vital role in atherogenesis. Whether the anti-atherogenic effect of Tan IIA relies on the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome has not been investigated before. In this study, we found that Tan IIA treatment of high-fat diet fed ApoE-/- mice significantly attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo. Consistently, Tan IIA also potently inhibited oxLDL-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mouse macrophages. Mechanically, Tan IIA inhibited NF-κB activation to downregulate pro-interleukin (IL) -1ß and NLRP3 expression, and decreased oxLDL-induced expression of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), thereby attenuating oxLDL cellular uptake and subsequent induction of mitochondrial and lysosomal damage - events that promote the NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Through regulating both the inflammasome 'priming' and 'activation' steps, Tan IIA potently inhibited oxLDL-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thereby ameliorating atherogenesis.
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Abietanos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Aorta/efectos de los fármacos , Aterosclerosis/metabolismo , Inflamasomas/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Aorta/metabolismo , Aorta/patología , Aterosclerosis/patología , Antígenos CD36/efectos de los fármacos , Antígenos CD36/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Inflamasomas/metabolismo , Lipoproteínas LDL/efectos de los fármacos , Lipoproteínas LDL/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados para ApoE , FN-kappa B/efectos de los fármacos , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/genética , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismo , Receptores Depuradores de Clase E/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores Depuradores de Clase E/metabolismoRESUMEN
CD83, either in its membrance-bound form (mCD83) or soluble form (sCD83), is an important immunomodulatory molecule in humans and mice. While mCD83 is immunostimulatory, sCD83 exhibits striking immunosuppressive activities, suggesting that sCD83 may be used to combat inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, graft-versus-host disease and habitual abortion. Although many studies had shed lights on the role of CD83 in humans and mice, little is known about CD83 in other animals. Recently, we showed that porcine CD83 had similar biochemical characteristics and immunoregulatory functions as its human counterpart. However, whether porcine sCD83 (psCD83) is involved in maintaining the immunological tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface and thereby prevents embryo loss and abortion during pregnancy is unclear. In this study, we used LPS-induced animal model to analyze the effect of porcine sCD83 on the mouse abortion. Results showed that psCD83 could significantly alleviate LPS-induced abortion in mice, indicating that the psCD83 had the function of fetal protection. Mechanically, psCD83-mediated fetal protection was related to the promotion on Th2 cytokine production, Treg cell differentiation and trophoblast invasion. This study provides a molecular basis for the fetal protection of psCD83, as well as a potential target for the regulation of maternal-fetal interfacial immune tolerance.
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Enfermedades de los Roedores , Enfermedades de los Porcinos , Aborto Veterinario , Animales , Antígenos CD , Citocinas , Células Dendríticas , Femenino , Inmunoglobulinas , Lipopolisacáridos , Glicoproteínas de Membrana , Ratones , Embarazo , Porcinos , Linfocitos T Reguladores , TrofoblastosRESUMEN
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is a recently identified virus that is associated with reproductive failure, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, and multi-systemic inflammation. To investigate the molecular epidemic characteristics and genetic evolution of PCV3 in northern China, a commercial TaqMan-based real-time quantitative PCR kit was used to detect PCV3 in 435 tissue specimens collected from pigs with various clinical signs from 105 different swine farms in northern China. The results showed that 48 out of 105 (45.7%) farms and 97 out of 435 (22.3%) samples tested positive for PCV3. Of the 97 PCV3-positive samples, 80 (82.5%) tested positive for other pathogens. PCV3 was found more frequently in pigs with reproductive failure than in those with other clinical signs. This study is the first to detect PCV3 in Tianjin. The complete genome sequences of six PCV3 isolates and the capsid (Cap) protein gene sequences of 11 isolates were determined. Based on the predicted amino acids at positions 24 and 27 of the Cap protein and their evolutionary relationships, the 17 PCV3 strains obtained from northern China and 49 reference strains downloaded from the GenBank database were divided into four major groups (3a-3d). An analysis of selection pressure and polymorphism indicated that the PCV3 Cap protein seems to be evolving under balancing selection, that the population is in dynamic equilibrium, and that no population expansion occurred during the study period. Our results provide new information about the molecular epidemiology and evolution of PCV3.
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Infecciones por Circoviridae/veterinaria , Circovirus/clasificación , Circovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Filogenia , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Proteínas de la Cápside/genética , China/epidemiología , Infecciones por Circoviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Circoviridae/virología , Circovirus/genética , Epidemiología Molecular , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a recently identified coronavirus that causes intestinal diseases in neonatal piglets with diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and post-infection mortality of 50-100%. Currently, there are no effective treatments or vaccines available to control PDCoV. To study the potential of RNA interference (RNAi) as a strategy against PDCoV infection, two short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-expressing plasmids (pGenesil-M and pGenesil-N) that targeted the M and N genes of PDCoV were constructed and transfected separately into swine testicular (ST) cells, which were then infected with PDCoV strain HB-BD. The potential of the plasmids to inhibit PDCoV replication was evaluated by cytopathic effect, virus titers, and real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay. The cytopathogenicity assays demonstrated that pGenesil-M and pGenesil-N protected ST cells against pathological changes with high specificity and efficacy. The 50% tissue culture infective dose showed that the PDCoV titers in ST cells treated with pGenesil-M and pGenesil-N were reduced 13.2- and 32.4-fold, respectively. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR also confirmed that the amount of viral RNA in cell cultures pre-transfected with pGenesil-M and pGenesil-N was reduced by 45.8 and 56.1%, respectively. This is believed to be the first report to show that shRNAs targeting the M and N genes of PDCoV exert antiviral effects in vitro, which suggests that RNAi is a promising new strategy against PDCoV infection.
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Infecciones por Coronavirus/genética , Coronavirus/genética , Proteínas Virales/genética , Replicación Viral/genética , Animales , Coronavirus/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Coronavirus/patología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/virología , Diarrea/genética , Diarrea/patología , Diarrea/veterinaria , Diarrea/virología , Masculino , Plásmidos/genética , Interferencia de ARN , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , ARN Viral/genética , Porcinos/virología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/genética , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Testículo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Testículo/virologíaRESUMEN
Porcine bocavirus (PBoV), which belongs the genus Bocaparvovirus, has been identified throughout the world. However, serological methods for detecting anti-PBoV antibodies are presently limited. In the present study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PBoV-rNP1 ELISA) based on a recombinant form of nucleoprotein 1 (NP1) of PBoV was established for investigating the seroprevalence of PBoV in 2025 serum specimens collected in north-central China from 2016 to 2018, and 42.3% of the samples tested positive for anti-PBoV IgG antibodies, indicating that the seroprevalence of PBoV is high in pig populations in China.
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Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Bocavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Nucleoproteínas/inmunología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Bocavirus/clasificación , Bocavirus/genética , China/epidemiología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Nucleoproteínas/genética , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Filogenia , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Emerging evidence suggests that CD83, a dendritic cells (DCs) maturation marker in humans and mice, may prossess immunomodulatory capacities. Although porcine CD83 shares â¼75% sequence homology with its human counterpart, whether it functions as an immunoregulatory molecule remains unknown. To investigate porcine CD83 function, we deleted it in porcine DCs by RNA intereference. Results show that membrane-bound CD83 (mCD83) promotes DC-mediated T cell proliferation and cytokine production, thus confirming its immunoregulatory capacity. Intriguingly, porcine soluble CD83 (sCD83) treatment instead led to inhibition of DC-mediated T cell activation. Moreover, porcine sCD83 also inhibited differentiation of prepheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into DCs. These results collectively indicate that in addition to being a DC maturation maker, both membrane bound and souble porcine CD83 serve as immunoregulatory molecules with opposite effects on DC-mediated T cell activation and DC differentiation.
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Antígenos CD/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Glicoproteínas/inmunología , Inmunoglobulinas/inmunología , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/inmunología , Porcinos/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Animales , Antígenos CD/genética , Diferenciación Celular/inmunología , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Glicoproteínas/genética , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas/genética , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Activación de Linfocitos , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/antagonistas & inhibidores , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , ARN Interferente Pequeño , Antígeno CD83RESUMEN
Chicken infectious bursal disease (IBD) is still incompletely controlled worldwide. Although IBD virus (IBDV) VP2 DNA vaccine was considered a safe vaccine for IBD prevention, the immunogenicity by itself remains poor, resulting in the failure of effectively protecting chickens from infection. We and others demonstrated that chicken IL-2 (chIL-2) and chIL-7 have the capacity to enhance the immunogenicity of the VP2 DNA vaccine. However, whether chIL-2 and chIL-7 can mutually enhance the immunogenicity of VP2 DNA vaccine and thereby augment the latter's protection efficacy remains unknown. By using chIL-2/chIL-7 bicistronic gene vector to co-immunize the chickens together with the VP2 DNA vaccine, we now show that chIL-2 and chIL-7 significantly increased IBDV VP2-specific antibody titers, T cell proliferation, and IFN-γ production, resulting in the ultimate enhancement of vaccine-induced protection efficacy relative to that of chIL-2 or chIL-7 gene vectors alone. These results suggest that chIL-2 and chIL-7 can mutually enhance VP2 DNA vaccine's efficacy, thereby establishing a concrete foundation for future optimization of IBDV VP2 DNA vaccine to prevent/treat chicken IBD.
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Infecciones por Birnaviridae/veterinaria , Expresión Génica , Inmunogenicidad Vacunal , Virus de la Enfermedad Infecciosa de la Bolsa/inmunología , Interleucina-2/genética , Interleucina-7/genética , Vacunas de ADN/inmunología , Proteínas Estructurales Virales/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Línea Celular , Pollos , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/genética , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunidad Celular , Virus de la Enfermedad Infecciosa de la Bolsa/genética , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/genética , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/mortalidad , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/prevención & control , Vacunas de ADN/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Estructurales Virales/genéticaRESUMEN
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widespread environmental toxicant that severely impacts agricultural production and animal and human health. Nevertheless, DEHP-induced hepatotoxicity at the molecular level in quail remains unexplored. The heat shock response (HSR), involving heat shock proteins (HSPs) and heat shock transcription factors (HSFs), is a highly conserved molecular response that is triggered by stressors, especially exposure to toxicants. To explore the DEHP-induced hepatotoxicity that occurs via regulation of HSR in birds, female quail were dosed with DEHP by oral gavage (0, 250, 500 and 1000â¯mg/kg) for 45 days. Based on histopathological analysis, the livers of the DEHP-treated groups exhibited structural alterations of hepatocytes, including mitochondrial swelling, derangement of hepatic plates, inflammatory cell infiltration and adipose degeneration. Ultrastructural evaluation of the livers of DEHP-treated quail revealed swollen mitochondria, partial disappearance of mitochondrial membranes and cristae, nuclear chromatin margination and nuclear condensation. The expression of HSF1 and HSF3 significantly decreased after DEHP exposure. The levels of HSPs (HSP10, HSP25, HSP27, HSP40, HSP47, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90) were significantly downregulated in the livers of DEHP-treated quail. In this study, we concluded that DEHP exposure resulted in liver function damage and hepatotoxicity by reducing the expression of HSFs and HSPs in quail liver, which inhibited the protective effect of the HSR signaling pathway.
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Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/etiología , Coturnix/fisiología , Dietilhexil Ftalato/toxicidad , Respuesta al Choque Térmico/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Ecotoxicología/métodos , Contaminantes Ambientales/toxicidad , Femenino , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Humanos , Hígado/patología , Hígado/ultraestructura , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is an important pathogen causing reproductive failure in pigs. PPV-induced cell apoptosis has been recently identified as being involved in PPV-induced placental tissue damages resulting in reproductive failure. However, the molecular mechanism was not fully elucidated. Here we demonstrate that PPV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) can induce host cell apoptosis and death, thereby indicating the NS1 may play a crucial role in PPV-induced placental tissue damages and reproductive failure. We have found that NS1-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited by caspase 9 inhibitor, but not caspase 8 inhibitor, and transfection of NS1 gene into PK-15 cells significantly inhibited mitochondria-associated antiapoptotic molecules Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 expressions and enhanced proapoptotic molecules Bax, P21, and P53 expressions, suggesting that NS1-induced apoptosis is mainly through the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway. We also found that both PPV infection and NS1 vector transfection could cause host DNA damage resulting in cell cycle arrest at the G1 and G2 phases, trigger mitochondrial ROS accumulation resulting in mitochondria damage, and therefore, induce the host cell apoptosis. This study provides a molecular basis for elucidating PPV-induced cell apoptosis and reproductive failure.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/veterinaria , Placenta/patología , Placenta/virología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/genética , Animales , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular , Muerte Celular , Daño del ADN , Femenino , Mitocondrias/patología , Mitocondrias/virología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Parvovirus Porcino/genética , Parvovirus Porcino/patogenicidad , Embarazo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Porcinos/virologíaRESUMEN
Human and mouse CD83 have been well characteized, however, the other mammalian CD83 genes have not been cloned and characterized. In this study, the porcine CD83 (pCD83) was cloned, expressed and characterized, and showed that the pCD83 gene has 81% and 74% homologies with humans and mice, respectively, which was identified to be glycosylated when expressed in eukaryotic cells, existing naturally in two forms: membrance-bound CD83 (mCD83) and soluble CD83 (sCD83), the latter was identified to be generated mainly from mCD83 by proteolytic shedding. The pCD83 was a dimmer mediated by intermolecular disulfide bond formed by the fifth cysteine in the exrtracellular domain. Functionally, the recombinant porcine sCD83 was preliminarily tested to have the ability to inhibit DC-mediated T cell activition. This study provided necessary fundation for further investigation on pCD83 functions.
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Antígenos CD/genética , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Inmunoglobulinas/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Porcinos/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Animales , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Clonación Molecular , Dimerización , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas/metabolismo , Activación de Linfocitos , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Ratones , Alineación de Secuencia , Antígeno CD83RESUMEN
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely distributed pollutant that is of great concern due to its negative health effects. However, whether DEHP exposure causes liver toxicity in birds remains unclear. To clarify the potential hepatotoxicity of DEHP, quails were exposed to 0, 250, 500 and 1000â¯mg/kg BW/day DEHP by gavage treatment for 45 days. The livers of DEHP-exposed quails showed histomorphological changes. DEHP exposure induced a significant increase in cytochrome P450 enzyme system (CYP450s) activity (including aniline-4-hydroxylase (AH), aminopyrine N-demethylase (APND), erythromycin N-demethylase (ERND) and NADPH-cytochrome C reductase (NCR)) and in the contents of total cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and cytochrome b5 (Cyt b5) in quail liver. DEHP exposure also influenced the expression of nuclear xenobiotic receptors (NXRs) and CYP450 isoforms in the liver. The results suggested that DEHP-induced hepatotoxicity in quail liver is associated with activation of the NXRs pathway responses and disruption of CYP450s homeostasis. This study will help to further elucidate DEHP exposure-induced liver toxicity in quails.
Asunto(s)
Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Dietilhexil Ftalato/toxicidad , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/efectos de los fármacos , Xenobióticos/toxicidad , Animales , Coturnix , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/genética , Femenino , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Homeostasis/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/enzimología , Hígado/patología , Microsomas Hepáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Microsomas Hepáticos/enzimología , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/metabolismo , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Atrazine (ATR) is one of the most extensively used herbicide that eventually leaches into groundwater and surface water from agricultural areas. Exposure to ATR does harm to the health of human and animals, especially the heart. However, ATR exposure caused cardiotoxicity in bird remains unclear. To evaluate ATR-exerted potential cardiotoxicity in heart, quail were exposed with 0, 50, 250, and 500â¯mg/kg BW/day ATR by gavage treatment for 45 days. Cardiac histopathological alternation was observed in ATR-induced quail. ATR exposure increased the Cytochrome P450s and Cytochrome b5 contents, Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system (APND, ERND, AH, and NCR) activities and the expression of CYP isoforms (CYP1B1, CYP2C18, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A7, and CYP4B1) in quail heart. The expression of nuclear xenobiotic receptors (NXRs) was also influenced in the heart by ATR exposure. ATR exposure significantly caused the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, and IL-8), down-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) expression levels and increased NO content and iNOS activity. The present research provides new insights into the mechanism that ATR-induced cardiotoxicity through up-regulating the expression levels of GRP78 and XBP-1s, triggering ER stress, activating the expression of IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB signaling pathway related factors (IRE1α, TRAF2, IKK, and NF-κB) and inducing an inflammatory response in quail hearts. In conclusion, ATR exposure could induce cardiac inflammatory injury via activating NXRs responses, disrupting CYP homeostasis and CYP isoforms transcription, altering NO metabolism and triggering ER stress and inflammatory response by activating IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Asunto(s)
Atrazina/efectos adversos , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico/efectos de los fármacos , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Xenobióticos/metabolismo , Animales , Chaperón BiP del Retículo Endoplásmico , Humanos , CodornizRESUMEN
Our previous work showed that a plasmid-based chicken interleukin-7 (chIL-7) gene expression vector possessed potent adjuvant activity for a VP2 DNA vaccine against chicken infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Whether recombinant chIL-7 prepared in procaryotic expression system has the adjuvant activity for inactivated IBDV vaccine remains unknown. Here, we prepared recombinant chIL-7 using an E. coli expression system and analyzed its adjuvant activity for the inactivated IBDV vaccine. The results show that the recombinant chIL-7 was successfully prepared in E. coli using the pET20b vector, which possessed biological activity to stimulate mouse B lymphocyte proliferation. Co-administration of the chIL-7 with inactivated IBDV vaccine significantly increased specific serum antibody titers against IBDV, enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ and IL-4 productions, and increased protection against virulent IBDV infection.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Birnaviridae/veterinaria , Pollos , Inmunogenicidad Vacunal , Virus de la Enfermedad Infecciosa de la Bolsa/inmunología , Interleucina-7/inmunología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/prevención & control , Vacunas Virales/inmunología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Infecciones por Birnaviridae/inmunología , Infecciones por Birnaviridae/prevención & control , Escherichia coli/genética , Interleucina-7/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/inmunología , Distribución Aleatoria , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Vacunas de ADN/administración & dosificación , Vacunas de ADN/inmunología , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/administración & dosificación , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/inmunología , Vacunas Virales/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a recently identified coronavirus in the genus Deltacoronavirus that can cause enteric disease including diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and mortality in neonatal piglets. Serological assays to detect anti-PDCoV antibodies are presently limited to certain laboratories and geographic regions. In this study, a recombinant M protein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PDCoV-rM ELISA) was developed and utilized to determine the prevalence of anti-PDCoV IgG in Hebei province. The PDCoV-rM ELISA showed no cross-reaction with antisera against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine rotavirus (PRV), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), classical swine fever virus (CSFV) or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The diagnostic sensitivity was 90.6% and the diagnostic specificity was 93.3%. A total of 871 serum samples collected in Hebei from January 2015 to October 2016 were checked for presence of antibodies against PDCoV using the novel PDCoV-rM ELISA. Anti-PDCoV IgG antibodies were detected in 11% (96/871) of the samples and in 25% (10/40) of the investigated farms. The data suggest that PDCoV has a low seroprevalence in pig population in Hebei province, China.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Infecciones por Coronavirus/veterinaria , Coronavirus/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiología , Proteínas de la Matriz Viral/inmunología , Animales , China/epidemiología , Coronavirus/genética , Coronavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Coronavirus/inmunología , Proteínas M de Coronavirus , Reacciones Cruzadas , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Filogenia , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Proteínas de la Matriz Viral/genéticaRESUMEN
Our previous work has demonstrated that the mammalian interleukin-7 (IL-7) gene can enhance the immunogenicity of DNA vaccine. Whether chicken IL-7 (chIL-7) possesses the ability to enhance the immunogenicity of VP2 DNA vaccine of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) remained unknown. To investigate this, we constructed a VP2 antigenic region (VP2366) gene and chIL-7 gene vectors, co-immunized chicken with these vectors and analyzed the effects of the chIL-7 gene on VP2366 gene immunogenicity. Results showed that co-administrated chIL-7 gene with VP2 DNA vaccine significantly increased specific serum antibody titers against IBDV, and enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ and IL-4 productions. More importantly, chIL-7 gene significantly increased VP2366 gene-induced protection against virulent IBDV infection, indicating that the chIL-7 gene possessed the capacity to enhance VP2366 DNA vaccine immunogenicity, and therefore might function as a novel adjuvant for IBDV VP2 DNA vaccine. Mechanically, chIL-7 could stimulate the common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc) expressions in vitro and in vivo, which might be involved in chIL-7 enhancement of the immunogenicity of VP2 DNA vaccine.