Evaluation of Anti-Glycopeptidolipid-Core Immunoglobulin A Antibody Detection for the Diagnosis of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Cervicofacial Lymphadenitis.

A multicenter cross-sectional diagnostic study was carried out including 45 children with nontuberculous mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis and controls. The tested immunoassay, detecting M. avium-specific anti-glycopeptidolipid-core immunoglobulin A antibodies, had inadequate diagnostic performance in the studied population and seems to be of no additional value in detecting cases of nontuberculous mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis.

Protein Deposition on Sport Mouthguards and the Effectiveness of Two Different Cleaning Protocols.

Objective: To determine which salivary proteins adhere onto sport mouthguards, and to evaluate the effectiveness of different cleaning strategies in removing deposited protein. Methods: Fifteen healthy volunteers used a mouthguard for 1 h. The deposited salivary proteins were analyzed using gel electrophoresis and Western blotting techniques and compared with the protein composition of unstimulated saliva. In addition, the effectiveness of two different cleaning strategies to remove proteins from the mouthguards were compared: rinsing the mouthguards after use with cold tap water and cleaning the mouthguard with a soluble effervescent tablet. Results: Gel electrophoresis showed deposition of proteins of 50-60 kDa and 14 kDa on the mouthguards used in the mouth for 1 h. Western blotting identified these bands as amylase and lysozyme, respectively. Rinsing the mouthguard with cold tap water after use removed 91% of the total amount of deposited proteins, while cleaning with an effervescent tablet removed 99%. Conclusions: During the use of mouthguards, salivary proteins are deposited on their surface. Because salivary proteins can potentially affect bacterial adhesion to mouthguards, proper cleaning after use is recommended. Cleaning the mouthguard with cold tap water or using an effervescent tablet both seem to be effective strategies to remove proteins deposited on sport mouthguards.

Smart mandibular advancement devices for obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic literature review.

PURPOSE: The goal of this review is to provide sleep physicians, dentists, and researchers with an evidence-based overview of the literature on smart mandibular advancement devices (MADs) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted by two blinded reviewers and an information specialist. A smart MAD was defined as any MAD with additional functionality besides mandibular protrusion. The bibliographic databases Medline, Embase, and Scopus were used to identify relevant publications. Studies were included if they described any stage of development of smart MADs. A total of 3162 titles and abstracts were screened for their relevance. In total, 58 articles were selected for full-text screening, 26 of which were included in this review. RESULTS: The overall quality of the available literature was low. Most of the studies were observational, clinical or applied-research articles. The authors classified MADs into two main groups: passive and active. Passive MADs measured patient data, most commonly patient compliance. Active MADs adjusted protrusion of the mandible in response to patient data and were found in various phases of technological readiness (in development, demonstration, or deployment). CONCLUSION: Innovations in smart mandibular advancement devices most frequently track patient compliance. Devices measuring other health parameters and active, feedback-controlled, devices are increasingly reported on. However, studies demonstrating their added benefit over traditional methods remain sparse. With further study, smart mandibular advancement devices have the potential to improve the efficiency of obstructive sleep apnea treatment and provide new treatment possibilities.

Postoperative Outcome After Coronectomy Versus Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars - Clinical and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Follow-Up.

BACKGROUND: Coronectomy is an alternative procedure for removing mandibular third molars near the inferior alveolar nerve. Limited research exists on the effect of coronectomy on the postoperative quality of life (QoL). PURPOSE: This study compared postoperative QoL after coronectomy and complete surgical removal of mandibular third molars during the first postoperative week. STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, AND SAMPLE: This prospective cross-over study was conducted in the Oral and Maxillofacial Department of Amstelland Hospital, Amstelveen, The Netherlands. The study sample consisted of patients with indications for removal of both mandibular third molars, with one at increased risk of nerve injury undergoing coronectomy, while the other molar was extracted. Exclusion criteria were ibuprofen allergy, anticoagulant therapy, systemic disease, local pathology, or failure to complete the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: The independent variable was the surgical procedure, categorized as coronectomy or complete mandibular third molar removal. An 8-week period was maintained between procedures. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE: The primary outcome measure was the mean OHIP-14 score during the first postoperative week. Secondary outcome measures were pain, self-perceived discomfort, and self-care behaviors. COVARIATES: Sex, age, impaction patterns, and treatment order were analyzed as covariates. ANALYSES: Nonparametric tests, including the Friedman test for within-patient differences and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for repeated measures, were used for non-normally distributed data. Significance was set at 5%, with P value adjustments per Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: The sample included 55 patients (18 male and 37 female) with a mean age of 24.6 ± 4.7 years. Mean OHIP-14 scores during the first 6 postoperative days were significantly higher after coronectomy compared to after surgical removal (day 1: 24.93 ± 9.82 vs 22.7 ± 9.5; day 6: 11.27 ± 10.36 vs 8.49 ± 10.93) (P < .05). Pain was significantly higher on the second to sixth postoperative days after coronectomy (day 2: 6.02 ± 1.92 vs 5.78 ± 1.73; day 6: 4.11 ± 2.49 vs 3.09 ± 2.41) (P < .05). Patients used more analgesics after coronectomy (day 2: 4.09 ± 2.53 vs 3.27 ± 1.9; day 6: 2.76 ± 2.62 vs 2.13 ± 2.49) (P < .05). We found no differences in outcomes for sex or molar impaction (P > .05). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Coronectomy significantly impacted postoperative oral health-related QoL compared to complete surgical removal of mandibular third molars.

Orodental injury and mouthguard usage in Dutch and international field hockey.

Background: Mouthguards are used to prevent players from orodental injuries in field hockey. However, such injuries are still a common problem. This study describes the prevalence of orodental injury and the related mouthguard usage in field hockey. Material and Methods: A 19-item questionnaire was distributed in the Dutch field hockey competition and at the international Master World Cup. In total, 1213 questionnaires were collected. Standard descriptive statistics were used to describe the samples. Associations between data were determined using the Pearson Chi-Square test. Results: The prevalence of orodental injuries during the career of hockey players was 20% in Dutch players, and 29% in international players. Mouthguard usage among Dutch players was 95%, and among international players 88%. There was no significant association between wearing a mouthguard or not with respect to whether or not treatment was requested as a result of an orodental injury (Dutch p=0.43; international p=0.22). Conclusions: This study showed that the prevalence of orodental injuries in field hockey are high, while the majority of the players use a 'protective' mouthguard. These results imply that the current mouthguards may not provide enough protection against the forces used in field hockey. Key words:Mouthguard, prevention, sports, dental injury.

Non-sleep related outcomes of maxillomandibular advancement, a systematic review.

Maxillomandibular advancement has been shown to be an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea; however, the literature focuses mainly on sleep-related parameters such as apnea-hypopnea index, respiratory disturbance index and Epworth sleepiness scale. Other factors that may be important to patients, such as esthetics, patient satisfaction, nasality, swallowing problems and so forth have been reported in the literature but have not been systematically studied. Together with an information specialist, an extensive search in Medline, Embase and Scopus yielded 1592 unique articles. Titles and abstracts were screened by two blinded reviewers. In total, 75 articles were deemed eligible for full-text screening and 38 articles were included for qualitative synthesis. The most common categories of non-sleep related outcomes found were surgical accuracy, facial esthetics, functional outcomes, quality of life, patient satisfaction, and emotional health. All categories were reported using heterogenous methods, such that meta-analysis could not be performed. There was lack of consistent methods to assess these outcomes. This work is the first to systematically review non-sleep related outcomes of maxillomandibular advancement. Despite growing interest in evaluating surgical outcomes through patient subjective experiences, this review points to the need of standardized, validated methods to report these outcomes.

Association of indications for mandibular third molar coronectomy and the Pell and Gregory and the Winter classification systems.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine how the surgeon's decision to perform a mandibular third molar coronectomy or surgical removal is associated with the impaction pattern as classified using Pell and Gregory or Winter's system. METHODS: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 813 mandibular third molars belonging to 565 patients. All patients were referred for removal of the mandibular third molar and had radiographic signs indicating a close relationship with the inferior alveolar nerve. Panoramic images were classified according to the impaction pattern. RESULTS: A coronectomy was performed on 492 (60.5%) mandibular third molars. Most impacted mandibular third molars were class IIB with a mesioangular inclination. A significant association was found between the Pell and Gregory classification and the surgeon's choice (p = 0.002). Winter's classification was not significantly associated with surgeon choice (p = 0.425). CONCLUSION: Mandibular third molar coronectomy is chosen more frequently than surgical removal if molars are class III and position B. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Not applicable.

Temporomandibular Joint Prosthesis in a Patient with Congenital Infiltrating Lipomatosis of the Face with Bony Ankylosis of the Temporomandibular Joint: A Case Report.

Hemifacial hyperplasia (HFH) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by marked unilateral overgrowth of the facial tissues. A subtype of HFH is congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face (CIL-F). This disease is characterized by unilateral diffuse infiltration of mature adipose cells in the facial soft tissue and is associated with skeletal hypertrophy. This work aims to report a case of a CIL-F patient with right facial asymmetry and progressive growth at adolescent age, causing mandibular asymmetry due to signs of concomitant unilateral condylar hyperplasia. At the age of seventeen, a condylectomy was performed to stop the progression of asymmetric mandibular growth. Five years later, the patient developed CIL-F-associated temporomandibular joint ankylosis, manifesting as progressive restricted mouth opening along with temporal facial pain. In this CIL-F patient, a TMJ reconstruction with an alloplastic total joint prosthesis was successfully performed with optimal maximal mouth opening, complete alleviation of temporal facial pain, and stable dental occlusion one year postoperatively. A TMJ reconstruction with a complete alloplastic total joint prosthesis proved to be a predictable, stable, and safe treatment option in a patient with CIL-F-associated TMJ ankylosis who was previously treated with condylectomy due to progressive mandibular asymmetry.