RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to obtain a Brazilian red propolis (BRP) enriched composite resin and to perform the characterization of its antibacterial activity, mechanical, and physical-chemical properties. Brazilian red propolis ethyl acetate extract (EABRP) was characterized by LC-ESI-Orbitrap-FTMS, UPLC-DAD, antibacterial activity, total flavonoids content, and radical scavenging capacity. BRP was incorporated to a commercial composite resin (RC) to obtain BRP enriched composite at 0.1, 0.15 and 0.25% (RP10, RP15 and RP25, respectively). The antibacterial activity RPs was evaluated against Streptococcus mutans by contact direct test and expressed by antibacterial ratio. The RPs were characterized as its cytotoxicity against 3T3 fibroblasts, flexural strength (FS), Knoop microhardness (KHN), post-cure depth (CD), degree of conversion (DC%), water sorption (Wsp), water solubility (Wsl), average roughness (Ra), and thermal analysis. Were identified 50 chemical compounds from BRP extract by LC-ESI-Orbitrap-FTMS. EABRP was bacteriostatic and bactericide at 125 and 500 µg/ml, respectively. The RP25 exhibited antibacterial ratio of 90.76% after 1 h of direct contact with S. mutans (p < 0.0001) while RC no showed significative antibacterial activity (p = 0.1865), both compared with cell control group. RPs and RC no showed cytotoxicity. RPs exhibited CD from 2.74 to 4.48 mm, DC% from 80.70 to 83.96%, Wsp from 17.15 to 21.67 µg/mm3, Wsl from 3.66 to 4.20 µg/mm3, Ra from 14.48 to 20.76 nm. RPs showed thermal resistance between 448-455°C. The results support that propolis can be used on development of modified composite resins that show antibacterial activity and that have compatible mechanical and physical-chemical properties to the indicate for composite resins.
RESUMEN
Corticosteroids are widely used as effective treatments for the control of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, because their long-term administration carries serious consequences, there is a need to investigate alternative therapies to reduce or even replace their use. In this regard, phenolic compounds have been presented as an alternative for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. p-Coumaric acid, a natural phenolic compound found throughout nature, exhibits antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Herein, using a combination of Raman spectroscopy with principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, the inflammatory process induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in epithelial cells treated with either a corticosteroid or p-coumaric acid was monitored in vitro. Our findings showed that p-coumaric acid had a significant anti-inflammatory effect in CSE-activated epithelial cells, and thus may be a useful alternative to corticosteroids for the treatment of airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In addition, multivariate analysis of the cell spectral data indicated that the mechanisms of action of the two drugs occur through different routes.
