Effect of butafosfan supplementation during oocyte maturation on bovine embryo development.

Around 60-80% of oocytes maturated in vivo reached competence, while the proportion of maturation in vitro is rarely higher than 40%. In this sense, butafosfan has been used in vivo to improve metabolic condition of postpartum cows, and can represent an alternative to increase reproductive efficiency in cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of increasing doses of butafosfan during oocyte maturation in vitro on the initial embryo development in cattle. In total, 1400 cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were distributed in four groups and maturated according to supplementation with increasing concentrations of butafosfan (0 mg/ml, 0.05 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml and 0.2 mg/ml). Then, 20 oocytes per group were collected to evaluate nuclear maturation and gene expression on cumulus cells and oocytes and the remaining oocytes were inseminated and cultured until day 7, when blastocysts were collected for gene expression analysis. A dose-dependent effect of butafosfan was observed, with decrease of cleavage rate and embryo development with higher doses. No difference between groups was observed in maturation rate and expression of genes related to oocyte quality. Our results suggest that butafosfan is prejudicial for oocytes, compromising cleavage and embryo development.

Butafosfan e cianocobalamina: estratégia para melhorar a funcionalidade hepática de vacas leiteiras primíparas / Butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin: strategy to improve the liver function of primiparous dairy cows

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do butafosfan isolado ou associado à cianocobalamina sobre marcadores do metabolismo energético, mineral e inflamatório, produção de leite e índice de funcionalidade hepática (IFH) de vacas leiteiras primíparas. Vinte e três vacas da raça Holandês foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em três grupos experimentais: Grupo Combinação (COM, n = 8), que recebeu 100 mL da combinação de butafosfan+cianocobalamina;Grupo Butafosfan (BUT, n = 8), que recebeu 100 mL de solução aquosa de Butafosfan; e Grupo Controle (CTL, n = 7), que recebeu 100 mL de solução fisiológica 0,9%. Todos os animais recebram 5 doses subcutâneas de 20 mL a cada 24 horas, iniciando logo após o parto. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos dias 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 28 para análises de cálcio, fósforo, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNEs) e ß-hidroxibutirato (BHBA). Albumina, bilirrubina, colesterol total, haptoglobina e paraoxonase foram analisadas nos dias 0, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 28. Foi avaliado o escore de condição corporal e a produção leiteira até 60 dias pós-parto. Níveis reduzidos de BHBA (P<0,05) foram encontrados no grupo BUT. Animais com alto IFH apresentaram menores níveis de BHBA (P<0,05) e tendência de redução nos níveis de AGNEs (P<0,10), porém o IFH não foi influenciado pelos tratamentos. Apesar de o butafosfan reduzir os níveis de BHBA, o índice de funcionalidade hepática de vacas primímaras não foi influenciado pelos tratamentos.

The objective of study was to evaluate the effects of butafosfan and cyanocobalamin on markers of energetic, mineral and inflammatory metabolism, milk production and the liver functionality index (LFI) of primiparous dairy cows. Twenty-three Holstein cows were allocated into: Combination group (COM, n = 8), receiving 100 mL of Catosal®; Butafosfan group (BUT, n = 8) that received 100 mL of aqueous Butafosfan; and Control (CTL, n = 7), receiving 100 mL of 0.9% saline. All the animals received 100 mL (5 doses of 20mL every 24h), subcutaneously, beginning soon after calving. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 28 for analysis of calcium, phosphorus, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). The analysis of albumin, bilirubin, cholesterol, haptoglobin and paraoxonase were performed on days 0, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 28. We evaluated body condition score (BCS) and milk production (kg /day) until day 60 after calving. The LFI was determined considering the plasma levels of total cholesterol, albumin and bilirubin on days 3 and 28 after calving. The BUT group showed lower BHB levels (P<0.05) than CTL group. The animals from group with high LFI had lower concentrations of BHB (P<0.05) and a trend of lower concentrations of NEFA (P<0.10), whereas the animals with poor liver function (low) showed tendency to have lower level of albumin (P <0.10). Howerver, the LFI was not affected by treatments (P> 0.05). In conclusion, despite the butafosfan and cyanocobalamin modulate energy metabolism in this study the hepatic functionality index was not affected by treatments.

Avaliação de parâmetros bioquímicos clínicos de ovelhas do grupo genético pantaneiro gestantes e não gestantes / Clinical and biochemical parameters evaluation of pregnant and non-pregnant ewes from pantaneiro genetic group

Foram determinados os valores de alguns parâmetros bioquímicos clínicos de ovelhas do grupo genético pantanei- ro GESTANTES e não GESTANTES. Foram utilizadas vinte fêmeas, GESTANTES (n = 13) e NÃO GESTANTES (n = 7). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas, semanalmente, da 5a semana pré-parto até a 8a pós-parto das ovelhas GESTANTES e durante oito semanas consecutivas das ovelhas NÃO GESTANTES, correspondendo ao período pós-parto das GESTANTES. Foram realizadas análises de glicose, albumina, fósforo, beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB), aspartatoaminotrasferase (AST), ureia e colesterol. No período pré-parto, as concentrações de ureia foram menores (27,82 mg/dL ± 1,64 - P < 0,0001) e as da enzima AST, maiores (80,93 U/L ± 2,44 - P < 0,0001). Durante o parto, foi observado aumento nas concentrações de glicose (86,17 mg/dL ± 2,93 - P < 0,0001) em relação aos outros períodos; enquanto no pós-parto houve diminuição nas concentrações de fósforo (4,79 mg/dL ± 0,16 - P < 0,0111) e aumento nas concentrações de BHB (2,37 mmol/L ±0,16 - P < 0,0001). As concentrações de albumina foram menores nas ovelhas NÃO GESTANTES (2,22 g/dL ± 0,06 - P < 0,0001). As concentrações dos metabólitos analisados foram semelhantes às encontrados em outras raças da espécie ovina. As alterações metabólicas foram registradas próximo ao parto, o que ressalta a importância do conhecimento dos valores de referência para serem utilizados no monitoramento dos parâ-metros bioquímicos durante o periparto de ovelhas pantaneiras, de modo a ser prevenida a ocorrência de transtornos metabólicos.

This study evaluated the clinical biochemical profile of pregnant and non-pregnant ewes from pantaneiro genetic group. Twenty ewes were used, divided into two groups, PREGNANT (n = 13) and NON-PREGNANT (n = 7). Blood samples were collected weekly from five prepartum weeks to eight postpartum weeks from pregnant ewes, and over eight consecutive weeks from NON-PREGNANT ewes, corresponding to the period of postpartum at PREGNANT ones. Analyses were performed to determine the concentrations of glucose, albumin, phosphorus, beta-hydroxybutyrate(BHB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, and cholesterol. During prepartum, the urea concentration was lower (27,82 mg/dL ± 1,64 - P < 0,0001) and AST enzyme level was higher (80,93 U/L ± 2,44 - P < 0,0001). During calving, increased concentrations of glucose (86,17mg/dL ± 2,93 - P < 0,0001) were observed in relation to the other periods; while, during postpartum, phosphorus was reduced (4,79 mg/dL ± 0,16 - P < 0,0111) and BHB increased (2,37 mmol/L ± 0,16 - P < 0,0001). Albumin concentrations were lower in NON-PREGNANT ewes 2,22 g/dL ± 0,06 - P < 0,0001). The levels of the metabolites analyzed are similar to those found in other sheep breeds. The metabolic changes occur around parturition; therefore, for the prevention of metabolic disorders, it is important to have reference levels aiming to control biochemical parameters during the peripartum of pantaneiras ewes.

Efeito da somatotropina recombinante bovina (rbST) sobre os níveis de marcadores metabólicos de touros semiconfinados das raças Aberdeen Angus e Brangus / Effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on the concentrations of metabolic markers in semi-confined sires Aberdeen Angus and Brangus

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da somatotropina recombinante bovina (rbST) sobre os marcadores do metabolismoenergético, proteico, mineral e hepático de touros mantidos em semiconfinamento. Foram utilizados 20 touros de raçasAberdeen Angus e Brangus, sendo divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (Placebo e rbST), para que no Placebo fosseadministrado via subcutânea duas doses de NaCl, 0,9% e no rbST fosse administrado o rbST (Lactotropin®). Foram realizadascinco coletas de sangue, com intervalo de 14 dias, para avaliação da concentração de triacilgliceróis e colesterol comomarcadores energéticos, ureia, como indicador proteico, fosfatase alcalina e fósforo como marcadores minerais e asenzimas aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e a gama glutamiltransferase (GGT) como indicadoras da função hepática. Aaplicação de rbST não influenciou os marcadores energéticos, minerais, e proteico, exceto a enzima hepática GGT (P 0,05).Estes resultados indicam que a utilização do rbST em touros não alterou o metabolismo, pois os parâmetros avaliadosmantiveram-se dentro dos padrões considerados fisiológicos para a espécie.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on metabolic markers for energy, protein, mineral and hepatic metabolism of sires kept grazing and receiving concentrate. Twenty sires Aberdeen Angus and Brangus used for this experiment were divided in two groups (Placebo and rbST). The group Placebo received subcutaneous administration of NaCl, 0.9% and rbST receive rbST twice. Five blood collections with 14 days of interval were made for evaluation of triglyceride and cholesterol as energetic metabolism markers, urea, as proteic marker, alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus as minerals markers and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) as indicators of the hepatic function. The rbST did not influence the energetic, mineral and proteic markers, except the hepatic enzyme GGT (P<0,05). These results indicated that the use of rbST in sires did not affect metabolism, therefore evaluated parameters remaining in the physiological range for the specie.

Band cementation materials: solubility and fluoride release.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the solubility and the fluoride release of different materials used for orthodontic band cementation in different solutions and at different times. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three materials were selected: Ultra Band-Lok (UBL); RelyX (RLX) and Ketac-Cem (KTC). Sixteen standard samples from each material were prepared, according to the manufacturers' instructions. The samples were stored in two different solutions (n = 8): 0.9% saline solution (pH 7.0) and 0.1 mol/l lactic acid (pH 4.0). The storage solutions were changed after 24 h and after 7, 15 and 30 days. The fluoride release was determined with an ion-specific electrode (Analion). For the solubility evaluation, the formula Wsl = (m1-m2)/V was used to determine the loss of mass. Data were submitted for statistical analysis using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: With respect to the solubility, immersion in lactic acid increased the solubility when compared with saline solution (P < 0.01). In both the solutions, there were differences among materials (P < 0.01) with the following rankings: UBL < RLX < KTC for lactic acid and UBL < RLX < KTC for saline solution. The ranking of fluoride release was UBL < KTC < RLX. In the two tested solutions, RLX exhibited the highest fluoride release (P < 0.01), whereas KTC showed more fluoride release than that of UBL (P < 0.05). Fluoride release decreased over time and the storage solution influenced the fluoride-releasing capacity of some materials. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that fluoride release was influenced by storage solution, materials and immersion time. Materials and storage solution were the significant factors for solubility.