Inhibition of ATP1V6G3 prompts hepatic stellate cell senescence with reducing ECM by activating Notch1 pathway to alleviate hepatic fibrosis.

Liver fibrosis is characterized by an excessive reparative response to various etiological factors, with the activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) leading to extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Senescence is a stable growth arrest, and the senescence of aHSCs is associated with the degradation of ECM and the regression of hepatic fibrosis, making it a promising approach for managing hepatic fibrosis. The role and specific mechanisms by which V-Type Proton ATPase Subunit G 3 (ATP6V1G3) influences senescence in activated HSCs during liver fibrosis remain unclear. Our preliminary results reveal upregulation of ATP6V1G3 in both human fibrotic livers and murine liver fibrosis models. Additionally, ATP6V1G3 inhibition induced senescence in aHSCs in vitro. Moreover, suppressing Notch1 reversed the senescence caused by ATP6V1G3 inhibition in HSCs. Thus, targeting ATP6V1G3, which appears to drive HSCs senescence through the Notch1 pathway, emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy for hepatic fibrosis.

6G in medical robotics: development of network allocation strategies for a telerobotic examination system.

PURPOSE: Healthcare systems around the world are increasingly facing severe challenges due to problems such as staff shortage, changing demographics and the reliance on an often strongly human-dependent environment. One approach aiming to address these issues is the development of new telemedicine applications. The currently researched network standard 6G promises to deliver many new features which could be beneficial to leverage the full potential of emerging telemedical solutions and overcome the limitations of current network standards. METHODS: We developed a telerobotic examination system with a distributed robot control infrastructure to investigate the benefits and challenges of distributed computing scenarios, such as fog computing, in medical applications. We investigate different software configurations for which we characterize the network traffic and computational loads and subsequently establish network allocation strategies for different types of modular application functions (MAFs). RESULTS: The results indicate a high variability in the usage profiles of these MAFs, both in terms of computational load and networking behavior, which in turn allows the development of allocation strategies for different types of MAFs according to their requirements. Furthermore, the results provide a strong basis for further exploration of distributed computing scenarios in medical robotics. CONCLUSION: This work lays the foundation for the development of medical robotic applications using 6G network architectures and distributed computing scenarios, such as fog computing. In the future, we plan to investigate the capability to dynamically shift MAFs within the network based on current situational demand, which could help to further optimize the performance of network-based medical applications and play a role in addressing the increasingly critical challenges in healthcare.

Rhodamine 6G-PAH probes for heavy metal: Fluorescence detection, bioimaging, and solid-phase sensing application.

Four rhodamine 6G-PAH probes with pyrene (R6G-Pyr), anthracene (R6G-Ant), acenaphthene (R6G-Acp) or phenanthrene (R6G-PA) as fluorophore were designed and synthesized for Hg(II) detection. Probe R6G-PA, which had the lowest detection limit of 0.84 nmol/L, displayed the best fluorescence performance as compared to the other three probes. This type of probe had good anti-interference properties against most common metal ions except Cu(II). Metal Cu(II) had a certain quenching effect on the fluorescence generated by Hg(II), with a minimum detection limit of 0.31 nmol/L (for R6G-Acp), indicating its potential practicability for Cu(II) detection. The structure-fluorescence relationship was discussed based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and R6G-PA + Hg(II), which had the minimum dihedral angle between polycyclic aromatic rings and rhodamine spiro ring, produced the strongest π-π accumulation and provided the brightest fluorescence. Probe R6G-PA was successfully employed for fluorescence detection of Hg(II) in biological samples. Its solid-phase sensor PS@R6G-PA was developed by immobilizing R6G-PA on PS microspheres for the determination of Hg(II) in water and food samples, with excellent reproducibility and fluorescence "on/off" response. The relative error of the spiked recovery rate was less than 10 %.

Analysis of PDE6G mutations in a patient with retinitis pigmentosa.

BACKGROUND: Mutations in PDE6A and PDE6B are known to cause autosomal recessive RP in humans, On the other hand, mutations in PDE6G are rare but can lead to severe early-onset RP. CASE PRESENTATION: An 8-year-old Chinese boy was referred to our hospital for poor vision issues. Refraction with cycloplegia showed high hyperopia with astigmatism both eyes. Funduscopic examination revealed typical bone spicule-type pigment deposits in the periphery and midperiphery. The patient was given glasses and a whole exome sequencing containing mitochondrial genes was performed. The results of genetic testing showed that there was a heterozygous frameshift mutation and a segment deletion in the proband's PDE6G gene. Analysis of the parental genes showed that frameshift mutation was inherited from the proband's mother and segment deletion from his father. CONCLUSIONS: In this paper, we give a firsthand report that the complex heterozygous mutations of PDE6G gene can causes autosomal recessiveRP (arRP), which expands the understanding of the pathogenic genes of RP.

Facile synthesis of Ag NPs@MgO nanosheets for quantitative SERS-based detection and removal of hazardous organic pollutants.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly precise and non-invasive analytical method known for its ability to detect vibrational signatures of minute analytes with exceptional sensitivity. However, the efficacy of SERS is subject to substrate properties, and current methodologies face challenges in attaining consistent, replicable, and stable substrates to regulate plasma hot spots across a wide spectral range. This study introduces a straightforward and economical approach that incorporates monodispersed silver nanoparticles onto 2-D porous magnesium oxide nanosheets (Ag@MgO-NSs) through an in-situ process. The resulting nanocomposite, Ag@MgO-NSs, demonstrates substantial SERS enhancement owing to its distinctive plasmonic resonance. The effectiveness of this nanocomposite is exemplified by depositing diverse environmental pollutants as analytes, such as antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP), organic dyes like rhodamine 6G (R6G) and methylene blue (MB), and nitrogen-rich pollutant like melamine (MLN), onto the proposed substrate. The proposed nanocomposite features a 2-D porous structure, resulting in a larger surface area and consequently providing numerous adsorption sites for analytes. Moreover, engineering the active sites of the nanocomposite results in a higher number of hotspots, leading to an enhanced performance. The nanocomposite outperforms, exhibiting superior detection capabilities for R6G, MB, and MLN at concentrations of 10-6 M and CIP at concentration of 10-5 M, with impressive uniformity, reproducibility, stability, and analytical enhancement factors (EF) of 6.3 x 104, 2 x 104, 2.73 x 104 and 1.8 x 104 respectively. This approach provides a direct and cost-effective method for the detection of a broad spectrum of environmental pollutants and food additives, presenting potential applications across diverse domains. The detected environmental pollutants and food additives are removed through both catalytic degradation (R6G and MB) and adsorption (CIP and MLN).

pH-Sensitive Fluorescent Marker Based on Rhodamine 6G Conjugate with Its FRET/PeT Pair in "Smart" Polymeric Micelles for Selective Imaging of Cancer Cells.

Cancer cells are known to create an acidic microenvironment (the Warburg effect). At the same time, fluorescent dyes can be sensitive to pH, showing a sharp increase or decrease in fluorescence depending on pH. However, modern applications, such as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), set additional requirements for such fluorescent markers to be of practical use, namely, high quantum yield, low bleaching, minimal quenching in the cell environment, and minimal overlap with auto-fluorophores. R6G could be the perfect match for these requirements, but its fluorescence is not pH-dependent. We have attempted to develop an R6G conjugate with its FRET or PeT pair that would grant it pH sensitivity in the desired range (5.5-7.5) and enable the selective targeting of tumor cells, thus improving CLSM imaging. Covalent conjugation of R6G with NBD using a spermidine (spd) linker produced a pH-sensitive FRET effect but within the pH range of 7.0-9.0. Shifting this effect to the target pH range of 5.5-7.5 appeared possible by incorporating the R6G-spd-NBD conjugate within a "smart" polymeric micelle based on chitosan grafted with lipoic acid. In our previous studies, one could conclude that the polycationic properties of chitosan could make this pH shift possible. As a result, the micellar form of the NBD-spd-R6G fluorophore demonstrates a sharp ignition of fluorescence by 40%per1 pH unit in the pH range from 7.5 to 5. Additionally, "smart" polymeric micelles based on chitosan allow the label to selectively target tumor cells. Due to the pH sensitivity of the fluorophore NBD-spd-R6G and the selective targeting of cancer cells, the efficient visualization of A875 and K562 cells was achieved. CLSM imaging showed that the dye actively penetrates cancer cells (A875 and K562), while minimal accumulation and low fluorophore emission are observed in normal cells (HEK293T). It is noteworthy that by using "smart" polymeric micelles based on polyelectrolytes of different charges and structures, we create the possibility of regulating the pH dependence of the fluorescence in the desired interval, which means that these "smart" polymeric micelles can be applied to the visualization of a variety of cell types, organelles, and other structures.

TransNeural: An Enhanced-Transformer-Based Performance Pre-Validation Model for Split Learning Tasks.

While digital twin networks (DTNs) can potentially estimate network strategy performance in pre-validation environments, they are still in their infancy for split learning (SL) tasks, facing challenges like unknown non-i.i.d. data distributions, inaccurate channel states, and misreported resource availability across devices. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a TransNeural algorithm for DTN pre-validation environment to estimate SL latency and convergence. First, the TransNeural algorithm integrates transformers to efficiently model data similarities between different devices, considering different data distributions and device participate sequence greatly influence SL training convergence. Second, it leverages neural network to automatically establish the complex relationships between SL latency and convergence with data distributions, wireless and computing resources, dataset sizes, and training iterations. Deviations in user reports are also accounted for in the estimation process. Simulations show that the TransNeural algorithm improves latency estimation accuracy by 9.3% and convergence estimation accuracy by 22.4% compared to traditional equation-based methods.

Exploring Excited State Landscapes with Surface Enhanced Hyper-Raman Spectroscopy.

In this Perspective, we provide a historical overview of the surface-enhanced hyper-Raman scattering (SEHRS) effect, describe its essential components, highlight the close connection between theory and experiment in several vignettes, and discuss recent analytical applications. SEHRS, the two-photon analog of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), is a spontaneous nonlinear scattering exhibited by molecules in a plasmonic field. Hyper Raman provides distinctive information on the molecular vibrations and electronic excited states of analytes. A 40-year old mystery surrounding the SEHRS spectra of R6G is used to illustrate the power of SEHRS to explore excited electronic states, revealing how non-Condon effects can influence the two-photon molecular properties. The exceptionally large enhancement factors (>1013) obtained from SEHRS enable the analysis of single molecules and molecules at very low concentrations. This high sensitivity is further augmented by an increased sensitivity to chemical effects, allowing SEHRS to probe changes in the local environment and the orientation of surface ligands. As most SEHRS experiments employ near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) light, it also holds promise for bioimaging studies. Before concluding, we discuss future directions and challenges for the field as it moves forward.

Trajectory optimization of UAV-IRS assisted 6G THz network using deep reinforcement learning approach.

Terahertz (THz) wireless communication is a promising technology that will enable ultra-high data rates, and very low latency for future wireless communications. Intelligent Reconfigurable Surfaces (IRS) aiding Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) are two essential technologies that play a pivotal role in balancing the demands of Sixth-Generation (6G) wireless networks. In practical scenarios, mission completion time and energy consumption serve as crucial benchmarks for assessing the efficiency of UAV-IRS enabled THz communication. Achieving swift mission completion requires UAV-IRS to fly at maximum speed above the ground users it serves. However, this results in higher energy consumption. To address the challenge, this paper studies UAV-IRS trajectory planning problems in THz networks. The problem is formulated as an optimization problem aiming to minimize UAVs-IRS mission completion time by optimizing the UAV-IRS trajectory, considering the energy consumption constraint for UAVs-IRS. The proposed optimization algorithm, with low complexity, is well-suited for applications in THz communication networks. This problem is a non-convex, optimization problem that is NP-hard and presents challenges for conventional optimization techniques. To overcome this, we proposed a Deep Q-Network (DQN) reinforcement learning algorithm to enhance performance. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm achieves performance compared to benchmark schemes.

Dynamic Bandwidth Slicing in Passive Optical Networks to Empower Federated Learning.

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning method in which individual devices compute local models based on their data. In FL, devices periodically share newly trained updates with the central server, rather than submitting their raw data. The key characteristics of FL, including on-device training and aggregation, make it interesting for many communication domains. Moreover, the potential of new systems facilitating FL in sixth generation (6G) enabled Passive Optical Networks (PON), presents a promising opportunity for integration within this domain. This article focuses on the interaction between FL and PON, exploring approaches for effective bandwidth management, particularly in addressing the complexity introduced by FL traffic. In the PON standard, advanced bandwidth management is proposed by allocating multiple upstream grants utilizing the Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) algorithm to be allocated for an Optical Network Unit (ONU). However, there is a lack of research on studying the utilization of multiple grant allocation. In this paper, we address this limitation by introducing a novel DBA approach that efficiently allocates PON bandwidth for FL traffic generation and demonstrates how multiple grants can benefit from the enhanced capacity of implementing PON in carrying out FL flows. Simulations conducted in this study show that the proposed solution outperforms state-of-the-art solutions in several network performance metrics, particularly in reducing upstream delay. This improvement holds great promise for enabling real-time data-intensive services that will be key components of 6G environments. Furthermore, our discussion outlines the potential for the integration of FL and PON as an operational reality capable of supporting 6G networking.

Rhodamine 6G in Oxidized Sodium Alginate Polymeric Hydrogel for Photodynamically Inactivating Cancer Cells.

INTRODUCTION: As cancer therapy progresses, challenges remain due to the inherent drawbacks of conventional treatments such as chemotherapy, gene therapy, radiation therapy, and surgical removal. Moreover, due to their associated side effects, conventional treatments affect both cancerous and normal cells, making photodynamic therapy (PDT) an attractive alternative. METHODS: As a result of its minimal toxicity, exceptional specificity, and non-invasive characteristics, PDT represents an innovative and highly promising cancer treatment strategy using photosensitizers (PSs) and precise wavelength excitation light to introduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vicinity of cancer cells. RESULTS: Poor aqueous solubility and decreased sensitivity of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) prevent its use as a photosensitizer in PDT, necessitating the development of oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) hydrogelated nanocarriers to enhance its bioavailability, targeted distribution, and ROS-quantum yield. The ROS quantum yield increased from 0.30 in an aqueous environment to 0.51 when using alginate-based formulations, and it was further enhanced to 0.81 in the case of OSA. CONCLUSION: Furthermore, the nanoformulations produced fluorescent signals suitable for use as cellular imaging agents, demonstrating contrast-enhancing capabilities in medical imaging and showing minimal toxicity.

Terahertz flexible multiplexing chip enabled by synthetic topological phase transitions.

Flexible multiplexing chips that permit reconfigurable multidimensional channel utilization are indispensable for revolutionary 6G terahertz communications, but the insufficient manipulation capability of terahertz waves prevents their practical implementation. Herein, we propose the first experimental demonstration of a flexible multiplexing chip for terahertz communication by revealing the unique mechanism of topological phase (TP) transition and perseveration in a heterogeneously coupled bilayer valley Hall topological photonic system. The synthetic and individual TPs operated in the coupled and decoupled states enable controllable on-chip modular TP transitions and subchannel switching. Two time-frequency interleaved subchannels support 10- and 12-Gbit/s QAM-16 high-speed data streams along corresponding paths over carriers of 120 and 130 GHz with 2.5- and 3-GHz bandwidths, respectively. This work unlocks interlayer heterogeneous TPs for inspiring ingenious on-chip terahertz-wave regulation, allowing functionality-reconfigurable, compactly integrated and CMOS-compatible chips.

A Compact Linear Microstrip Patch Beamformer Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave Future Communication.

5/6G is anticipated to address challenges such as low data speed and high latency in current cellular networks, particularly as the number of users overwhelms 4G and LTE capabilities. This paper proposes a microstrip patch antenna array comprising six radiating patches and utilizing a microstrip line feeding technique to facilitate the compact design crucial for 5G implementation. ROGER 3003, chosen for its advanced and environmentally friendly features, serves as the dielectric material, ensuring suitability for 5G and B5G applications. The designed antenna, evaluated at a resonating frequency of 28.8 GHz with a -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 1 GHz, offers a high gain of 9.19 dBi. Its compact array, cost-effectiveness, and broad impedance and radiation coverage position it as a viable candidate for 5G and future communication applications.

Network Slicing in 6G: A Strategic Framework for IoT in Smart Cities.

The emergence of 6G communication technologies brings both opportunities and challenges for the Internet of Things (IoT) in smart cities. In this paper, we introduce an advanced network slicing framework designed to meet the complex demands of 6G smart cities' IoT deployments. The framework development follows a detailed methodology that encompasses requirement analysis, metric formulation, constraint specification, objective setting, mathematical modeling, configuration optimization, performance evaluation, parameter tuning, and validation of the final design. Our evaluations demonstrate the framework's high efficiency, evidenced by low round-trip time (RTT), minimal packet loss, increased availability, and enhanced throughput. Notably, the framework scales effectively, managing multiple connections simultaneously without compromising resource efficiency. Enhanced security is achieved through robust features such as 256-bit encryption and a high rate of authentication success. The discussion elaborates on these findings, underscoring the framework's impressive performance, scalability, and security capabilities.

CeO2 nanospheres incorporated with Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4 enhanced photocatalysis towards environmental pollutant Rhodamine B removal.

We have adopted a novel CeO2/Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4-based ternary nanocomposite that was synthesized via hydrothermal technique. The physiochemical characterization of as-prepared samples was examined through various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy TEM, photoluminescent spectra (PL), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and ultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) technique. In addition, the photocatalytic performance was carried out by degradation of Rhodamine B dye under visible light irradiation using this nanocatalyst. The ternary nanocomposite achieved 94% of the degradation efficiency within 100 min which is higher than the pristine and binary composites under the predetermined condition pH = 7, Rhodamine B dye = 5 mg/L, and catalyst concentration = 150 mg/L. The experimental synergetic effect of CeO2/Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4 ternary nanocomposite has been ascribed to the interfacial charge carrier migration between CeO2, Bi2MoO6, and g-C3N4. The optical absorption range of CeO2/Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4 ternary nanocomposite was enhanced, and the band gap was reduced up to 2.2 eV. In addition, scavenger trapping experiment proves that the super oxide anions (O2-.) and photogenerated holes are the major active species. The reusability and stability experiment proved the CeO2/Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4 ternary nanocomposite keeps good durability during the photocatalytic degradation process after the five successive cycles. Furthermore, based on the results, the charge carrier transfer photocatalytic mechanism was also discussed. This CeO2/Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4 ternary nanocomposite may offer the cheapest material and extend the great opportunity for clean and environmental remediation approach under the visible light irradiation.

The role of drug efflux and uptake transporters in the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue disposition of morphine and its main metabolites.

Morphine is a widely used opioid for the treatment of pain. Differences in drug transporter expression and activity may contribute to variability in morphine pharmacokinetics and response. Using appropriate mouse models, we investigated the impact of the efflux transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 and the OATP uptake transporters on the pharmacokinetics of morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G), and M6G. Upon subcutaneous administration of morphine, its plasma exposure in Abcb1a/1b-/-;Abcg2-/--, Abcb1a/1b-/-;Abcg2-/-;Oatp1a/1b-/-;Oatp2b1-/- (Bab12), and Oatp1a/1b-/-;Oatp2b1-/- mice was similar to that found in wild-type mice. Forty minutes after dosing, morphine brain accumulation increased by 2-fold when mouse (m)Abcb1 and mAbcg2 were ablated. Relative recovery of morphine in small intestinal content was significantly reduced in all the knockout strains. In the absence of mOatp1a/1b and mOatp2b1, plasma levels of M3G were markedly increased, suggesting a lower elimination rate. Moreover, Oatp-deficient mice displayed reduced hepatic and intestinal M3G accumulation. Mouse Oatps similarly affected plasma and tissue disposition of subcutaneously administered M6G. Human OATP1B1/1B3 transporters modestly contribute to the liver accumulation of M6G. In summary, mAbcb1, in combination with mAbcg2, limits morphine brain penetration and its net intestinal absorption. Variation in ABCB1 activity due to genetic polymorphisms/mutations and/or environmental factors might, therefore, partially affect morphine tissue exposure in patients. The ablation of mOatp1a/1b increases plasma exposure and decreases the liver and small intestinal disposition of M3G and M6G. Since the contribution of human OATP1B1/1B3 to M6G liver uptake was quite modest, the risks of undesirable drug interactions or interindividual variation related to OATP activity are likely negligible.

A dual-modality sensing probe of fluorescent and colorimetric for detection of cobalt ion based on silver nanoparticles functionalized rhodamine 6G derivatives.

The combination of fluorescent probe and colorimetric technique has become one of the most powerful analytical methods due to the advantages of visualization, minimal measurement errors and high sensitivity. Hence, a novel dual-modality sensing probe with both colorimetric and fluorescent capabilities was developed for detecting cobalt ions (Co2+) based on homocysteine mediated silver nanoparticles and rhodamine 6G derivatives probe (AgNPs-Hcy-Rh6G2). The fluorescence of the AgNPs-Hcy-Rh6G2 probe turned on due to the opening of the Rh6G2 spirolactam ring in the presence of Co2+ by a catalytic hydrolysis. The fluorescent intensity of probe is proportional to Co2+ concentration in the range of 0.10-50 µM with a detection limit of 0.05 µM (S/N = 3). More fascinatingly, the color of AgNPs-Hcy-Rh6G2 probe changed from colorless to pink with increasing Co2+ concentration, which allowing colorimetric determination of Co2+. The absorbance of AgNPs-Hcy-Rh6G2 probe is proportional to Co2+ concentration in the range from 0.10 to 25 µM with a detection limit of 0.04 µM (S/N = 3). This colorimetric and fluorescent dual-modal method exhibited good selectivity, and reproducibility and stability, holding great potential for real samples analysis in environmental and drug field.

Influence of Sol-Gel State in Smectite Aqueous Dispersions on Drying Patterns of Droplets.

The sol-gel state of smectite clay dispersions varies with the volume fraction of clay and electrolyte concentration. In this study, it was elucidated that the drying patterns of droplets from four types of smectite clay dispersions vary according to their sol-gel states. Droplets in the sol state exhibited a ring-shaped pattern, while those in the gel state showed a bump-shaped pattern. Near the boundary between the sol and gel states, patterns featuring both ring and bump structures were observed regardless of whether the droplets were on the sol or gel side. When guest particles or molecules were introduced into the clay dispersion, they dispersed uniformly within the system, and the drying pattern depended on the sol-gel state of the droplets. These findings suggest that the presence or absence of convection within the droplets during drying governs the drying pattern.

Terahertz Polarization Isolator Using Two-Dimensional Square Lattice Tellurium Rod Array.

A novel terahertz polarization isolator using a two-dimensional square lattice tellurium rod array is numerically investigated at the interesting band of 0.22 THz in this short paper. The isolator is designed by inserting six hexagonal tellurium rods into a fully polarized photonic crystals waveguide with high efficiency of -0.34 dB. The TE and TM photonic band gaps of the 7 × 16 tellurium photonic crystals are computed based on the plane wave expansion method, which happen to coincide at the normalized frequency domain from 0.3859(a/λ) to 0.4033(a/λ), corresponding to the frequency domain from 0.2152 to 0.2249 THz. The operating bandwidth of the tellurium photonic crystals waveguide covers 0.2146 to 0.2247 THz, calculated by the finite element method. The six hexagonal tellurium rods with smaller circumradii of 0.16a serve to isolate transverse electric waves and turn a blind eye to transverse magnetic waves. The polarization isolation function and external characteristic curves of the envisaged structure are numerically simulated, which achieves the highest isolation of -33.49 dB at the central frequency of 0.2104 THz and the maximum reflection efficiency of 98.95 percent at the frequency of 0.2141 THz. The designed isolator with a unique function and high performance provides a promising approach for implementing fully polarized THz devices for future 6G communication systems.

Secrecy Performance Enhancement Using Self-Interference Cancellation in Wireless Mutual Broadcast Networks for Proximity-Based Services.

With the increasing demand for data exchange between nearby devices in proximity-based services, enhancing the security of wireless mutual broadcast (WMB) networks is crucial. However, WMB networks are inherently vulnerable to eavesdropping due to the open broadcast nature of their communication. This paper investigates the improvement of secrecy performance in random-access-based WMB (RA-WMB) networks by integrating physical layer security (PLS) techniques with hybrid duplex (HBD) operations under a stochastic geometry framework. The HBD method balances half-duplex (HD) receiving and full-duplex (FD) transceiving, utilizing self-interference cancellation (SIC) to enhance PLS performance. Key operational parameters, including transmission probability (TxPr), friendly jammer density, and conditions for FD operation, are designed to maximize secrecy performance. The analytical and numerical results demonstrate significant improvements in PLS performance, with SIC playing a critical role, particularly in scenarios with dense legitimate nodes, and with TxPr adjusted to balance HD receiving and FD transceiving based on SIC imperfections. The proposed design principles provide a comprehensive framework for enhancing the security of WMB networks, addressing the complex interplay of interference and SIC in various network configurations.