Viver ou morrer?: a influência das emoções desencadeadas por palavras nos tempos de reação manual / Living or dying?: the influence of emotions triggered by words on manual reaction times / ¿Viviendo o muriendo?: la influencia de las emociones provocadas por las palabras en los tiempos de reacción manual

Estímulos afetivos influenciam o comportamento devido a facilitações/inibições que ocorrem no sistema sensóriomotor. Para estímulos positivos, respostas ipsilaterais tendem a ser facilitadas e as contralaterais inibidas. Para estímulos negativos, o padrão é invertido. Atualmente, 34 voluntários foram submetidos à Tarefa de Compatibilidade Espacial Afetiva, cujos estímulos de valência inata foram as palavras "viver" e "morrer". No mapeamento 1, executaram-se respostas ipsilaterais para a palavra "viver" e respostas contralaterais para a palavra "morrer". No mapeamento 2, ocorreu o inverso. Através da análise temporal, investigamos se e como palavras que desencadeiam emoções inatas modulam a resposta motora. No mapeamento 1, constatamos respostas ipsilaterais mais lentas à palavra "viver" do que contralaterais à palavra "morrer" (a partir do 3º quintil). Porém, no mapeamento 2, houve diferença apenas no 3º quintil. Os efeitos facilitadores da resposta contralateral ao estímulo negativo estão possivelmente associados a mecanismos automáticos de vigilância para detectar/evitar estímulos de ameaça

Affective stimuli influence behavior due to facilitations/inhibitions that occur in the sensory-motor system. For positive stimuli, ipsilateral responses tend to be facilitated and contralateral inhibited. For negative stimuli, the pattern is reversed. Currently, 34 volunteers were submitted to the Affective Spatial Compatibility Task, whose innate valence stimuli were the words "living" and "dying". In mapping 1, ipsilateral responses were executed for the word "living" and contralateral for the word "dying". In mapping 2, the reverse occurred. Using temporal analysis, we investigated whether and how words that trigger innate emotions modulate the motor response. In mapping 1, we found slower ipsilateral responses to the word "living" than contralateral responses to the word "dying" (from the 3rd quintile). However, mapping 2 revealed a difference only in the 3rd quintile. The facilitating effects of the contralateral response to the negative stimulus are possibly associated with automatic vigilance mechanisms to detect/avoid threatening stimuli

Los estímulos afectivos influyen en el comportamiento debido a las facilitaciones/inhibiciones que se producen en el sistema sensoriomotor. Para los estímulos positivos, las respuestas ipsilaterales tienden a ser facilitadas y las contralaterales inhibidas. Para los estímulos negativos, el patrón se invierte. Actualmente, 34 voluntarios fueron sometidos a la Tarea de Compatibilidad Espacial Afectiva, cuyos estímulos de valencia innata fueron las palabras "vivir" y "morir". En el mapeo 1, se ejecutaron respuestas ipsilaterales para la palabra "vivir" y contralaterales para la palabra "morir". En el mapeo 2, ocurrió lo contrario. Mediante un análisis temporal, investigamos si las palabras que desencadenan emociones innatas modulan la respuesta motora y cómo lo hacen. En el mapeo 1, encontramos respuestas ipsilaterales más lentas a la palabra "vivir" que respuestas contralaterales a la palabra "morir" (del tercer quintil). Sin embargo, el mapeo 2 reveló una diferencia sólo en el 3er quintil. Los efectos facilitadores de la respuesta contralateral al estímulo negativo están posiblemente asociados a mecanismos automáticos de vigilancia para detectar/evitar estímulos amenazantes

Compatibilidad de un bioinsecticida a base de Beauveria bassiana con agroquímicos: efecto en la germinación y la actividad insecticida sobre Diatraea saccharalis

Los barrenadores del tallo del género de Diatraea spp. (Lepidoptera:Crambidae) han sido reconocidos por ser la plaga de mayor impacto en el cultivo de caña de azúcar, en el que causan importantes pérdidas económicas. Para su control, una cepa colombiana de Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill (aislamiento Bv062) que demostró alta virulencia frente a larvas de D. saccharalis (Fabricius), fue utilizada para el desarrollo de un bioinsecticida formulado como un concentrado emulsionable (CE). Con el fin de integrar este bioinsecticida en un esquema de manejo integrado de plagas, es necesario evaluar su compatibilidad con los agroquímicos utilizados comúnmente en el cultivo de caña de azúcar. Para tal fin se evaluó el efecto in vitro de 11 agroquímicos (fungicidas, insecticidas y herbicidas) sobre la germinación y actividad insecticida de conidios formulados. Inicialmente el CE y los agroquímicos fueron ajustados al doble de la concentración recomendada y mezclados en proporción 1:1, se incubaron durante dos horas, y se determinó el porcentaje de germinación. Los conidios expuestos a los agroquímicos fueron también purificados y utilizados para un bioen-sayo frente a larvas de segundo instar de D. saccharalis. El CE resultó ser compatible con los herbicidas e insecticidas evaluados, manteniendo una germinación y eficacia superior al 80%. Por el contrario, el CE fue incompatible con todos los fungicidas evaua-dos. Estos resultados permiten sugerir recomendaciones de aplicación del bioplaguicida a base de B. bassiana Bv062, junto con insecticidas y herbicidas empleados en el cultivo de caña, pero se recomienda no aplicarlo de manera simultánea con fungicidas como el benomil y del grupo de triazoles. Se recomienda validar estos resultados en condiciones de campo.

Sugarcane stem borers of the genus Diatraea spp. (Lepidoptera:Crambidae) have been recognized as the pest of the greatest impact on sugarcane crops causing significant economic losses. For its control, a colombian strain of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill (code Bv062) that showed a high virulence against D. saccharalis (Fabricius) larvae was used for a biopesticide development, formulated as emulsifiable concentrate (EC). In order to include the EC into an integrated pest management (IPM) scheme, it is necessary to evaluate its compatibility with the agrochemicals commonly used in sugarcane crops. For this purpose, the in vitro effect of 11 agrochemicals (fungicides, insecticides and herbicides) on the germination and insecticidal activity of Bv062 formulated conidia was evaluated. Initially, the EC and agrochemicals were adjusted to double the recommended concentration and mixed in a 1:1 ratio. The mixes were incubated for two hours, and the germination percentage was calculated. The conidia exposed to the agrochemicals were also purified and used for a bioassay against second instar larvae of D. saccharalis. The EC was compatible with the herbicides and insecticides, maintaining germination and efficacy higher than 80%. In contrast, EC was incompatible with all the fungicides evaluated. These results allow us to suggest recommendations for the application of the biopesticide based on B. bassiana Bv062 with insecticides and herbicides used in sugarcane crops, but it is not recommended to apply it simultaneously with fungicides such as benomyl and the triazole group. It is recommended to validate these results under field conditions.

Donación renal pareada: beneficio de este programa en la tasa de trasplantes y sobrevida del injerto.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the experience since the transplant program under paired kidney donation implementation; program that increases the donation rate by 25-30% in hospitals with no inferior graft survival compared to directed living donor kidney transplantation. METHOD: Observational, analytical, longitudinal and prospective study from December 2018 to July 2021. All G5 KDIGO chronic kidney patients who were HLA or ABO incompatible with their original donors in the pretransplant protocol and who were transplanted under the paired kidney donation program, were included. RESULTS: 22 kidney transplants were performed under this program. Survival of the graft and the patient 1 year after transplantation was 100%. The post-transplant glomerular filtration rate was 72.5 ± 17 ml/min/1.73 m2 body surface. 36.3% of hypersensitized patients were successfully transplanted. The in-hospital donation rate increased by 33.33%. CONCLUSIONS: Transplantation under the kidney paired donation program constitutes a real modality of successful transplantation when there is incompatibility with the original donor. The greater use and socialization of this program can increase the country kidney transplantation rate, reducing the waiting list. Our hospital represents the largest experience published in Mexico with this transplant program.

OBJETIVO: Demostrar la experiencia adquirida desde la implementación del programa de donación renal pareada, el cual aumenta un 25-30% la tasa de donación en los centros hospitalarios sin inferioridad en la sobrevida del injerto comparado con el trasplante renal de donante vivo dirigido. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, analítico, longitudinal y prospectivo de diciembre de 2018 a julio de 2021. Se incluyeron todos los enfermos renales crónicos G5 KDIGO que en el protocolo pretrasplante resultaron HLA o ABO incompatibles con sus donantes originales y que fueron trasplantados bajo el programa de donación renal pareada. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron 22 trasplantes renales bajo este programa. La sobrevida del injerto y del paciente a 1 año postrasplante fue del 100%. La tasa de filtración glomerular postrasplante fue de 72.5 ± 17 ml/min/1.73 m2 de superficie corporal. Fueron trasplantados exitosamente el 36.3% de pacientes hipersensibilizados. La tasa de donación intrahospitalaria aumentó un 33.33%. CONCLUSIONES: El trasplante bajo programa de donación renal pareada constituye una modalidad real de trasplante exitoso cuando existe incompatibilidad con el donante original. La mayor utilización y la socialización de este programa pueden aumentar la tasa de trasplante renal nacional, disminuyendo la lista de espera. Nuestro hospital representa la mayor experiencia publicada en México con este programa de trasplante.

Chemical stability and physical compatibility of meropenem in admixtures for continuous and extended intravenous infusions.

INTRODUCTION: Prolonged intravenous infusion of beta-lactams increase the clinical cure rate compared to conventional administration in critical or septic patients. This study aimed to determine chemical stability and physical compatibility of meropenem at conditions used in clinical practice to evaluate the stability of the preparation during its administration and the possibility of anticipated preparation. METHODS: Admixtures in study were: (i) meropenem 6g in 0.9% sodium chloride (NS) in infusor of 2mL/h 50mL or 10mL/h 240mL; (ii) meropenem 1 or 2g in NS in infusion bag of 250mL. Temperatures of study were: (i) infusor: 4.5°C, 32°C or 12h at 4.5°C followed by 32°C; (ii) Infusion bag: 4.5°C, 24.5°C or 6h at 4.5°C followed by 24.5°C. Time of study was 5-6 days in infusor and 1 day in infusion bag. Chemical stability was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography and physical compatibility by measuring pH and visual inspection. RESULTS: Chemical stability and physical compatibility of meropenem in admixtures in infusors were reduced at high meropenem concentration and high temperature. Admixtures in infusion bag show chemical stability and physical compatibility for at least 1 day. CONCLUSION: Administration of meropenem 6g in infusion of 24h in 240mL of 0.9% NaCl in infusor of 10mL/h could be possible if the admixture is infused at 4.5°C. Extended infusion of meropenem 1 or 2g in 0.9% NaCl in infusion bag (250mL) in 3-4h is also feasible. Anticipated preparation of the admixtures in infusion bag is possible with a stability of 24h.

Supervivencia de pacientes trasplantados en relación con la compatibilidad inmunológica / Survival of transplant patients in relation to immunological compatibility

Introducción: El trasplante renal es uno de los métodos de sustitución de la función renal y tiene como factor de mayor influencia en su supervivencia, la compatibilidad inmunológica del sistema mayor. Objetivos: Definir la supervivencia del trasplante y su relación con el grado de compatibilidad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo sobre el tiempo de supervivencia con base hospitalaria de los 512 trasplantes en el período comprendido entre los años 1993 y 2010, ambos incluidos con seguimiento y corte al concluir el año 2019. Se empleó el Kaplan Meier para calcular las supervivencias, se utilizó el paquete estadístico Statiscal Package Social Science (Spss) versión 22.0. Resultados: 397 pacientes recibieron riñones cadavéricos al momento del corte, 11,3 por ciento de los injertos estaban funcionando, mientras que para los 115 que recibieron de vivo, el 45,2 por ciento, p=0,000. La mediana de supervivencia para el cadavérico fue de 3,1 años (SD 2,4-3,8) y dentro de ellos los que compartieron tres o más antígenos lograron el doble de sobrevida, p=0,033. Para el de donante vivo, la mediana fue de 16,0 años (SD 9,1-22,9) y dentro de este grupo 104 pacientes que compartían un haplotipo lograron 44,2 por ciento de función, los hermanos que eran idénticos un 66,0 por ciento. Por parentesco los que recibieron riñones de hermanos tienen mejor supervivencias que de padres a hijos, p=0,001. Conclusiones: Se definió que la compatibilidad inmunológica del sistema mayor entre donante y receptor propicia diferencias en la función de los injertos(AU)

Introduction: Renal transplantation is one of the methods of renal function substitution and the main factor influencing survival is the immunological compatibility of the major system. Objectives: To define transplant survival and the relationship with the degree of compatibility. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on the hospital-based survival time of 512 transplants from 1993 to 2010, including follow-up and the cut at the end of 2019. The Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to calculate the survivals, the statistical package Statistical Package Social Science (Spss) version 22.0 was used. Results: Three hundred ninety seven (397) patients received cadaveric kidneys at the cut, 11.3percent of the grafts were functioning, 115 received living grafts, 45.2percent p=0.000. The median survival for the cadaveric kidneys was 3.1 years (SD 2.4-3.8) and among them those who shared three or more antigens achieved twice the survival, p=0.033. For the living donor, the median was 16.0 years (SD 9.1-22.9) and within this group, 104 patients, sharing a haplotype, achieved 44.2percent function, siblings, who were identical, achieved 66 .0percent. By kinship, those who received kidneys from siblings have better survival than for those who received it from parents, p=0.001. Conclusions: Immunological compatibility of the major system between donor and recipient was defined to favor differences in the function of the grafts(AU)

Supervivencia del trasplante renal en relación con la compatibilidad inmunológica en Cuba / Kidney transplant survival in relation to immunological compatibility in Cuba

RESUMEN Introducción: El trasplante renal es uno de los métodos de sustitución de la función renal y tiene como factor de mayor influencia en su supervivencia, la compatibilidad inmunológica. Objetivo: Definir la supervivencia del trasplante y su relación con el grado de compatibilidad. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, del tiempo de supervivencia con base hospitalaria, de los 827 pacientes trasplantados entre los nueve centros del país, en el quinquenio 2015-2019. Para estimar las curvas de supervivencias se empleó el Método de Kaplan Meier, por el SPSS 22.0. Resultados: Supervivencia del injerto al año 72,9 % y paciente 89,0 %, con media de sobrevida de los injertos de 3,6 años y del paciente de 4,6. Para los pacientes con dos y más compatibilidad, la supervivencia del injerto al año fue mayor, 77,0 % v/s 69,2 % y menos, para el resto. Posterior al año, también son diferentes las supervivencias por grado de compatibilidad. El rechazo agudo inmunológico, que es una de las principales causas de pérdidas de injertos, tiene mucho mayor incidencia en los trasplantados sin compatibilidad que en los compatibles (17,4 % v/s 9,9 %). Para las causas de muerte de los pacientes, la infección fue la predominante, y muy significativo para los que no comparten compatibilidad v/s los que sí (56,9 % v/s 31,9 %). Conclusiones: La compatibilidad inmunológica entre donante y receptor, propicia diferencia en las supervivencias de injertos y pacientes, siendo mejor mientras más compatibles sean el donante y el receptor.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Kidney transplant is one of the methods of kidney function replacement, and immunological compatibility is the most important factor influencing survival. Objective: To define transplant survival and its relationship with the degree of compatibility. Material and Methods: Hospital-based retrospective study of survival time of the 827 transplanted patients in the nine centers of the country during the five-year period (2015 - 2019). The Kaplan Meier method was used to estimate the survival curves, using SPSS version 22.0. Results: The graft survival was 72,9 % and the patient survival was 89,0 % in the first year; the mean graft survival was 3,6 years, and the patient survival was 4,6 years. For patients with two and more compatibilities, graft survival was significantly higher in the first year (77,0 % versus 69,2 %), but it was lower for the rest. One year after, the survival rates related to the degree of compatibility are also different. Acute immune rejection, which is one of the main causes of graft loss, has a much higher incidence among the transplanted patients without compatibility than in the compatible ones (17,4 % versus 9,9 %). Infection was the predominant cause of death in these patients, which was incredibly significant in those who do not share compatibility as opposed to those who do share it (56,9 % versus 31,9 %). Conclusions: Immunological compatibility between donor and recipient results in differences between graft and patient survival rates, so the more compatibility between the donor and the recipient, the higher the survival rate.

Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with self-locating peritoneal catheters: Is it safe?

The fact that self-locating catheters have a piece of metal at the tip leads to doubt and uncertainty around performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with this type of catheter. We simulated a peritoneum with a weighted catheter to ascertain how the catheter behaved during MRI scans in 1.5 T and 3 T machines. We also reviewed cases in which MRI had been performed in patients with this type of catheter. In the simulation, the tip of the self-locating peritoneal catheter caused a magnetic susceptibility artefact that made it difficult to see nearby areas, but it proved to be a safe device for MRI. 14 MRI scans were performed in patients with self-locating catheters, none in the abdominal area. There were no complications in the patients or the technique after performing MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with self-locating peritoneal catheters: Is it safe? / Resonancia magnética en pacientes con catéteres peritoneales autoposicionantes: ¿se puede?

The fact that self-locating catheters have a piece of metal at the tip leads to doubt and uncertainty around performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with this type of catheter. We simulated a peritoneum with a weighted catheter to ascertain how the catheter behaved during MRI scans in 1.5T and 3T machines. We also reviewed cases in which MRI had been performed in patients with this type of catheter. In the simulation, the tip of the self-locating peritoneal catheter caused a magnetic susceptibility artefact that made it difficult to see nearby areas, but it proved to be a safe device for MRI. 14 MRI scans were performed in patients with self-locating catheters, none in the abdominal area. There were no complications in the patients or the technique after performing MRI.

Efecto del pH sobre propiedades mecánicas, fisicoquímicas y morfológicas en películas comestibles multicomponentes / Effect of pH on mechanical, physicochemical and morphological properties in multicomponent edible films

RESUMEN El pH es un parámetro fundamental a considerarse en el momento de diseñar películas multicomponentes, debido a que interviene en la compatibilidad e interacciones que se generan entre los componentes de la matriz, determina la funcionalidad de las mismas y como se demuestra en este estudio, el pH tiene una influencia significativa en las propiedades mecánicas, fisicoquímicas y morfologías de las películas. Con ese objetivo, se sometieron películas a base de goma gellan, gelatina, caseinato de calcio, aceite de canola, glicerol, tween 80 y natamisina, a cuatro niveles de pH T1:6,6 T2:6,2 T3:5,8 T4:5,4 para evaluar y determinar la influencia del pH en las propiedades finales de las películas. Como resultado obtenido en las propiedades, se presentaron diferencias significativas (α=0,05), influenciadas por la modificación del pH, de modo que, en las películas sometidas a un pH de T4=5,4 se generó una mejor compatibilidad de los componentes, por las condiciones del medio que permitieron obtener interacciones por fuerzas electrostáticas entre los polímeros y el aceite, evidenciándose en el mejor comportamiento mecánico con una elongación de 10,6 ± 1,8%, mayor permeabilidad al vapor de agua, solubilidad de 51 ± 0,02% y un contenido de humedad de 9 ± 3,0%; a diferencia de las películas de T1, en las cuales, predominaron las interacciones a través de los enlaces de hidrógeno, afectando la permeabilidad y el comportamiento mecánico de las mismas. En películas multicomponentes a base polímeros y lípidos para garantizar mayor compatibilidad e interacciones que se reflejan en mejores propiedades mecánicas, fisicoquímicas y morfológicas entre los componentes se deben elaborar películas a pH de 5,4 o, en caso contrario, en los cuales, las propiedades deban permitir mayores interacciones entre grupos polares de los componentes utilizar pH más básicos, como pH de 6,6.

ABSTRACT pH is a fundamental parameter to be considered when designing multicomponent films, because it intervenes in the compatibility and interactions that are generated between the components of the matrix, determines their functionality and as demonstrated in this study the pH has a significant influence on the mechanical, physicochemical and morphological properties of films. With this objective, films based on gellan gum, gelatin, calcium caseinate and canola oil were subjected to four levels of pH T1 = 6.6 T2 = 6.2 T3 = 5.8 T4 = 5.4 to evaluate and determine the influence of pH on the final properties of the films. As a result obtained in the properties there were significant differences (α = 0.05) influenced by the modification of the pH so that in the films subjected to a pH of T4 = 5.4 a better compatibility of the components was generated by the conditions of the medium that allowed to obtain interactions by electrostatic forces between the polymers and the oil, being evident in the best mechanical behavior with an elongation of 10.6 ± 1.8%, greater water vapor permeability, solubility of 51 ± 0.02% and a moisture content of 9 ± 3.0%; unlike the T1 films in which the interactions through hydrogen bonds predominated, affecting their permeability and mechanical behavior. Finally, as a conclusion in multi-component films based on polymers and lipids to ensure greater compatibility and interactions that are reflected in better mechanical, physicochemical and morphological properties between the components, films at pH 5.4 or otherwise in the which properties should allow greater interactions between polar groups of the components to use more basic pH such as pH 6.6.

Compatibility of drugs administered as Y-site infusion in intensive care units: A systematic review. / Compatibilidad de los fármacos administrados en «Y¼ en las unidades de cuidados intensivos: revisión sistemática.

OBJECTIVES: To gather all published information about the stability of drugs commonly used in Intensive Care Units (ICU); evaluate the methodology of published data; and generate a compatibility table. DESIGN: i) A systematic review was conducted searching the following databases: Medline, Stabilis, Handbook of Injectable Drugs and Micromedex. Articles published from 1990 to 2017 in English, Spanish and French were included. ii) Article quality was analyzed according to the stability studies practice guidelines. iii) A compatibility table was produced with data for 44 binary combinations of drugs frequently used in the ICU. SCOPE: Spanish and international hospital ICU. RESULTS: The systematic review included 29 studies (27 originals, 2 reviews). None of the included studies followed all the methodological requirements. However, 93% guaranteed correct reproducibility. Accordingly, drug stability knowledge was available for 50.3% of the studied admixtures, in which 77.1% of the binary combinations proved compatible and 16.8% proved incompatible. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides new reliable evidence about the physicochemical stability of drugs commonly used in the critical care setting. The study contributes to the safe administration of intravenous drugs in critical patients with a view to avoiding adverse events in this frail population.

Transfusion of D positive red cells to selected D-negative patients. / Transfusión de hematíes D positivo a pacientes seleccionados D negativo.

BACKGROUND: To transfuse packed red blood cells isogroup ABO D is a usual transfusion practice. However, when there is not enough D negative blood available, we can transfuse positive red blood cells to negative patients. Immunocompetent D negative individuals may develop serologically detectable anti-D antibodies within 3 months after exposure to D positive red blood cells. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Over the last 18 years, we have experienced situations of D negative blood cell scarcity. In these situations, we have applied a clinical assistance protocol, selecting patients with lower risk of alloimmunization and chronic transfusion requirements. We have retrospectively evaluated this policy for the use of D positive red blood cells in D negative patients, focussing on alloinmunization and mortality. RESULTS: Applying the protocol, 3% of D negative patients were transfused with D positive units, with an alloimmunization rate of 12.3%. The rate of alloimmunization was higher in the younger age group and in those transfused with more units. No haemolytic reactions were reported. Mortality in the alloimmunized group was lower. CONCLUSION: The use of D positive red blood cells in selected D negative patients does not induce adverse reactions, is a safe practice and allows saving of a product that is sometimes limited.

Tarefa de compatibilidade espacial afetiva como modelo de estudo do comportamento emocional / Affective spatial compatibility task as a model for the study of emotional behavior / Tarea de compatibilidad espacial afectiva como modelo para el estudio del comportamiento emocional

Além dos aspectos emocionais, o comportamento humano pode ser afetado por outros fatores, tal como a localização espacial dos estímulos, que favorecem a ocorrência de respostas motoras mais rápidas para o mesmo lado de sua apresentação em uma tarefa clássica de compatibilidade estímulo-resposta. O presente artigo consiste em uma revisão narrativa de estudos que utilizaram a Tarefa de Compatibilidade Espacial Afetiva (TCEA) para avaliar a influência da valência afetiva do estímulo sobre os padrões de compatibilidade espacial. De modo geral, os estudos analisados indicam que figuras, imagens e palavras com valência emocional são capazes de influenciar o comportamento do voluntário. Portanto, a TCEA é uma ferramenta com potencial aplicação ao estudo da interação entre emoção e cognição na avaliação neuropsicológica.

Besides emotional aspects, human behavior can be affected by other factors, such as the spatial location of stimuli, which tend to facilitate the occurrence of faster motor responses to stimulus at the same side in a classic stimulus-response compatibility task. This article consists of a narrative review of studies that used the Affective Spatial Compatibility Task (TCEA) to assess the influence of the stimulus' affective valence on spatial compatibility patterns. In general, studies analyzed indicate that figures, images and words with emotional valence are capable of influencing the subject's behavior. Thus, we conclude that TCEA is a tool with potential application to the study of the interaction between emotion and cognition in the neuropsychological evaluation.

Además de los aspectos emocionales, el comportamiento humano puede verse afectado por otros factores, como la ubicación espacial de los estímulos, que favorecen la aparición de respuestas motoras más rápidas al estímulo en el mismo lado en una tarea de compatibilidad estímulo-respuesta. Este artículo consiste en una revisión narrativa de estudios que utilizaron la Tarea compatibilidad espacial afectiva (TCEA) para evaluar la influencia de la valencia afectiva del estímulo en los patrones de compatibilidad espacial. En general, los estudios analizados indican que las figuras, imágenes y palabras con valencia emocional son capaces de influir en el comportamiento del sujeto. TCEA es una herramienta con potencial aplicación para el estudio de la interacción entre emoción y cognición en la evaluación neuropsicológica.

Quanto mais melhor? O efeito da compatibilidade pessoa-trabalho no engajamento / The more the better? The effect of person-job fit on work engagement / ¿Cuánto más, mejor? El efecto de la compatibilidad persona-trabajo en el engagement

As preferências do indivíduo têm papel relevante na relação entre desenho do trabalho e engajamento, mas são pouco exploradas. Este estudo adota um enfoque da psicologia positiva e se propõe a investigar duas hipóteses contraditórias, a primeira advinda da teoria de autodeterminação, que indica que a interação entre a característica do trabalho e as preferências do indivíduo não são relevantes para explicar o grau de engajamento (H1) e a segunda advinda das teorias de fit que afirma que essa interação acrescenta à explicação do fenômeno (H2). Foram testadas as características do desenho do trabalho de conhecimento, autonomia e suporte social. A amostra de 341 trabalhadores respondeu as escalas de Engajamento e Desenho do Trabalho. Foram realizadas análises fatoriais confirmatórias, regressões polinomiais e análises de superfície do padrão de respostas. As características do trabalho explicaram significativamente o nível de engajamento. A interação entre o desenho do trabalho e as preferências do indivíduo acrescentou explicação ao modelo, com exceção do suporte social. Conclui-se que, a depender do tipo de característica, é preciso analisar a preferência do trabalhador ao se promover redesenho do trabalho ou para fazer a alocação de pessoal.

The individual's needs play a relevant role in the relationship between work characteristics and engagement, but they are little explored. This study aims to analyze the interaction between individual and context to predict engagement, testing hypotheses derived from Self-Determination Theory and fit studies. A sample of 341 workers responded to the Engagement at Work and Work Design scales. Confirmatory factor analysis, polynomial regression, and response surface analysis were used to test the hypotheses. Knowledge characteristics, autonomy, and social support significantly explained the level of engagement. The interaction between work characteristics and the worker's desire added explanation to the model, except for social support. In conclusion it is necessary to analyze the workers' desire for a given characteristic to develop work designs that promote higher engagement.

Las necesidades del individuo tienen importante papel en la relación entre características del trabajo y engagement, pero son poco exploradas. Este estudio analizó la interacción entre el individuo y el contexto para predecir el engagement, probando hipótesis derivadas de la teoría de la autodeterminación y de los estudios de fit. La muestra de 341 trabajadores respondió las escalas de Engagement y Diseño del Trabajo. Se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios, regresiones polinomiales y análisis de superficie de las respuestas para comprobar las hipótesis. Las características del conocimiento, autonomía y soporte social en el trabajo explicaron significativamente el nivel de engagement. La interacción entre las características del trabajo y el deseo del trabajador añadió explicación al modelo, con excepción del soporte social. Se concluye que, a depender del tipo de característica, es necesario examinar el grado de deseo del trabajador por aquella característica para desarrollar dibujos del trabajo que promuevan más engagement.

Clinical guideline on bone conduction implants. / Guía clínica sobre implantes de conducción de vía ósea.

INTRODUCTION AND GOALS: During the last decade there have been multiple and relevant advances in conduction and mixed hearing loss treatment. These advances and the appearance of new devices have extended the indications for bone-conduction implants. The Scientific Committee of Audiology of the Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello SEORL-CCC (Spanish Society of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery), together with the Otology and Otoneurology Committees, have undertaken a review of the current state of bone-conduction devices with updated information, to provide a clinical guideline on bone-conduction implants for otorhinolaryngology specialists, health professionals, health authorities and society in general. METHODS: This clinical guideline on bone-conduction implants contains information on the following: 1) Definition and description of bone-conduction devices; 2) Current and upcoming indications for bone conduction devices: Magnetic resonance compatibility; 3) Organization requirements for a bone-conduction implant programme. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The purpose of this guideline is to describe the different bone-conduction implants, their characteristics and their indications, and to provide coordinated instructions for all the above-mentioned agents for decision making within their specific work areas.

Modulações dos efeitos Simon e Stroop espacial por tarefas prévias de compatibilidade espacial / Modulations of Simon and spatial Stroop effects due to previous spatial compatibility tasks / Modulaciones de los efectos Simon e Stroop espacial por tareas anteriores de compatibilidad espacial

A localização espacial é uma característica intrínseca do estímulo que não pode ser ignorada e afeta a seleção da resposta correta em várias tarefas. Este efeito, denominado Compatibilidade Estímulo-Resposta, está presente nas tarefas de Compatibilidade espacial, Simon e Stroop espacial. O efeito Simon é modulado se, antes de executar a tarefa, os participantes executam uma tarefa incompatível de compatibilidade espacial. Essa modulação, chamada de transferência de aprendizagem é atribuída a dissociações entre memórias de longo e curto prazo. Não foi ainda estudado se esta prática incompatível modula o efeito Stroop espacial. Neste trabalho, testamos 32 participantes empregando um desenho experimental que permite estudar e separar os efeitos Simon e Stroop espacial na mesma tarefa e testar a hipótese de uma transferência generalizada do aprendizado por uma prática incompatível. Os resultados indicaram que a tarefa prévia incompatível modula apenas o efeito Simon, contrariando a hipótese da transferência generalizada do aprendizado.

Spatial location is an intrinsic characteristic of the stimulus that influences the execution of the correct response in various tasks. The effect is named Stimulus-Response Compatibility, with the Spatial Compatibility, Simon, and Spatial Stroop tasks being examples of this phenomenon. The Simon effect is modulated if participants perform a previous incompatible spatial compatibility task. This modulation, called transfer-of-learning effect, has been attributed to dissociations between long-term memory and short-term memory. It had not yet studied whether this incompatible practice modulates the spatial Stroop effect. In this work, we tested 32 volunteers in an experimental design that allows us to study and separate the Simon and spatial Stroop effects in the same task and test the hypothesis of a generalized transfer-of-learning effect by an incompatible practice. The results indicate that a previous incompatible task modulates only the Simon effect, contradicting the hypothesis of the generalized transfer of learning after an incompatible practice.

La localización espacial es una característica intrínseca del estímulo que afecta la selección de la respuesta en diversas tareas. Este efecto, denominado la compatibilidad estímulo-respuesta, es presente en la tarea compatibilidad espacial, Simon y Stroop espacial. El efecto Simon es modulado si los participantes realizan previamente una tarea incompatible de compatibilidad espacial. Esta modulación, llamada efecto de transferencia de aprendizaje, se ha atribuido a las disociaciones entre memoria a largo e corto plazo. Todavía no se ha estudiado si esta práctica incompatible modula el efecto Stroop Espacial. En este trabajo, probamos 32 estudiantes en un diseño experimental que nos permite estudiar y separar los efectos de Simon y Stroop espacial en la misma tarea y probar la hipótesis de un efecto generalizado de transferencia de aprendizaje por una práctica incompatible. Los resultados indican que la tarea incompatible anterior modula sólo el efecto Simón, contrariamente a la hipótesis de la transferencia generalizada de aprendizaje.

Regressão linear e quadrática: Análises comparativas de efeito em medidas do comportamento organizacional / Linear and quadratic regression: Comparative analysis of effect on organizational behavior measures / Regresión lineal y cuadrática: Análisis comparativo del efecto de las medidas de comportamiento organizacional

Este estudo apresenta análises comparativas entre modelos de regressão linear múltipla e de regressão quadrática. Foram utilizados valores organizacionais reais e desejados como variáveis independentes e satisfação com o trabalho como variável dependente. A amostra contou com 213 trabalhadores de todas as regiões do Brasil, homens e mulheres, predominantemente com formação em nível superior, atuantes em empresas de diversos setores. A regressão quadrática possibilitou o encontro de explicações de variância de maior magnitude, quando comparada ao modelo linear. Análises de gráficos de superfície ampliaram o entendimento a respeito dos efeitos promovidos pelas variáveis independentes sobre as dependentes. São apresentadas considerações sobre a seleção de modelos de regressão tanto no contexto acadêmico, quanto na prática organizacional.

This study presents comparative analysis of multiple linear regression model and quadratic regression. Organizational values (actual and desired) were used as independent variables and job satisfaction as the dependent variable. The sample consisted of 213 workers from all regions of Brazil, men and women, mostly with higher education, working in various industries. The quadratic regression resulted in variance explanations of greater magnitude when compared to the linear model. Surface analysis charts expanded the understanding of the effects promoted by the independent variables on the dependent. Considerations regarding the selection of regression models in the academic context and in organizational practice are provided.

Este estudio presenta un análisis comparativo de los modelos de regresión lineal múltiples y la regresión cuadrática. Se utilizaron los valores organizacionales (reales y deseados) como variables independientes y la satisfacción en el trabajo como la variable dependiente. La muestra fue de 213 trabajadores de todas las regiones de Brasil, hombres y mujeres, en su mayoría con la educación superior, trabajando en diversos sectores. La regresión cuadrática resultó en explicaciones de varianza de mayor magnitud en comparación con lo modelo lineal. Gráficos de análisis de superficie ampliaron la comprensión de los efectos promovidos por las variables independientes sobre las dependientes. Se proporcionan consideraciones relativas a la selección de modelos de regresión en el contexto académico como en la práctica de la organización.

HLA-Matched Donor-Recipient Combinations and Kidney Transplant Probabilities in a Specific Colombian Population / Compatibilidad HLA donante-receptor y probabilidades de trasplante renal en una población colombiana / Compatibilidade HLA doador-receptor e probabilidades de transplante renal em uma população colombiana

Introduction: In Colombia, despite the fact that kidney transplants are the most common type of transplant surgery, a great number of transplanted patients do not achieve the desired Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) compatibility. HLA compatibility plays an important role in graft survival; patients with matched-HLA have a lower chance of graft-versus-host disease and graft rejection. Objective: To determine the probability of finding an HLA-matched donor-recipient pairs according to HLA−A, −B and −DRB1 frequencies in a specific Colombian population. Materials and methods: The study included a total of 484 unrelated individuals (61 donors and 423 recipients) from the HLA registry. HLA alleles were determined by polymerase chain reaction sequence with specific indicators. Results: HLA-A*02, -A*24, -B*35 and -DRB1*04 alleles showed the highest minimum allele frequency (>10%). In addition, HLA-A*24-B*35-DRB1*04 was the most frequent extended haplotype in both donors and recipients (7.38% and 6.76%, respectively). Our experimental evidence showed that the maximum chance of finding at least one HLA allele-matched kidney is 20.3% for a patient with the most frequent extended haplotype, whereas for patients with rare or non-common haplotypes this probability is rather unlikely. Discussion: In terms of probability, the chance of finding an HLA matched kidney donor/recipients in our region is low. This is due, at least in part, to the higher number of alleles and a the lower donation rate. Therefore, to define the HLA profile of a population is important for establishing transplantation programs and alternative strategies in the kidney donation and allocation processes.

Introducción: en Colombia, el trasplante renal es el más común, sin embargo, un gran número de personas trasplantadas no tiene la compatibilidad HLA deseada. Esta compatibilidad es importante en la supervivencia del trasplante; pacientes con HLA-compatible tienen un menor chance de rechazo o desarrollo de la enfermedad injerto frente a hospedero. Objetivo: determinar la probabilidad de encontrar compatibilidad HLA receptor-donante acorde con las frecuencias en población colombiana de HLA−A, −B y −DRB1. Materiales y métodos: el estudio incluyó 484 individuos no relacionados (61 donantes y 423 receptores) con registro de HLA. Los alelos HLA fueron determinados por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con iniciadores específicos. Resultados: los alelos HLA-A*02, -A*24, -B*35 y -DRB1*04 tuvieron la frecuencia alélica mínima más alta (>10%). El alelo extendido HLA-A*24-B*35-DRB1*04 fue el más frecuente, en donantes y receptores (7,38% y 6,76%, respectivamente). Nuestro análisis mostró que el máximo chance de encontrar un riñón con un alelo HLA compatible es de 20,3% para un paciente con el haplotipo extendido más frecuente, mientras para pacientes con haplotipos raros o no comunes esta probabilidad es mínima. Conclusión: en términos de probabilidad, el chance de encontrar en nuestra región, un riñón con compatibilidad HLA entre donante/receptor es baja. Por lo menos, en parte, es debido al alto número de alelos y a la baja tasa de donación. Por lo tanto, determinar el perfil de HLA de una población es importante para establecer programas de trasplante y estrategias alternativas en donación de riñones y procesos de asignación.

Introdução: Na Colômbia, o transplante renal é o mais comum, no entanto, um grande número de pessoas transplantadas não tem a compatibilidade HLA desejada. Esta compatibilidade é importante na supervivência do transplante; pacientes com HLA-compatível têm uma menor chance de rejeição ou desenvolvimento da enfermidade enxerto versus hospedeiro. Objetivo: determinar a probabilidade de encontrar compatibilidade HLA receptor-doador conforme às frequências em população colombiana de HLA-A, -B e -DRB1. Materiais e métodos: O estudo incluiu 484 indivíduos não relacionados (61 doadores e 423 receptores) com registro de HLA. Os alelos HLA-A*02, -A*24, -B*35 e -DRB1*04 tiveram a frequência alélica mínima mais alta (>10%). Resultados: O alelo estendido HLA-A*24-B*35-DRB1*04 foi o mais frequente, em doadores e receptores (7,38% e 6,76%, respectivamente). Nossa análise mostrou que a máxima chance de encontrar um rim com um alelo HLA compatível é de 20,3% para um paciente com o haplótipo estendido mais frequente, enquanto para pacientes com haplótipos raros ou não comuns esta probabilidade é mínima. Conclusões: em termos de probabilidade, a chance de encontrar em nossa região, um rim com compatibilidade HLA entre doador/receptor é baixa. Pelo menos em parte, é devido ao alto número de alelos e à baixa taxa de doação. Pelo tanto, determinar o perfil de HLA de uma população é importante para estabelecer programas de transplante e estratégias alternativas em doação de rins e processos de atribuição.

Do work values predict preference for organizational values? / Valores do trabalho predizem preferências por valores organizacionais? / Valores del trabajo predicen preferencias por valores de organización?

The purpose of this research is to identify evidence that work values can predict organizational values preference, based on conceptual similarity proposed by the Theory of Values. A total of 254 Brazilian undergraduate students responded to the Organizational Values Scale and the revised Work Values Scale. Hierarchical regressions were run controlling for demographics. The results indicated significant explanation of variance for all organizational values. The most significant predictors were compatible with the hypotheses based on Schwartz's Theory of Values, revealing that work and organizational values are logically connected through an axiological structure. In conclusion, work values and preferred organizational values have adequate nominal commensurability for conducting Individual-Organization fit studies and implications for organizational socialization and vocational and career counseling.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar a predição de valores do trabalho sobre a preferência por valores organizacionais, de maneira coerente, com a similaridade conceitual prevista pela Teoria de Valores. Responderam à Escala de Valores Organizacionais e a Escala de Valores do Trabalho revisada 254 estudantes de graduação. Regressões hierárquicas foram realizadas controlando os dados demográficos. Os modelos apresentaram explicação significativa para todos os valores organizacionais. Todos os preditores mais importantes mostraram-se compatíveis com hipóteses baseadas na teoria, revelando que valores do trabalho e valores organizacionais são logicamente conectados por meio de uma estrutura axiológica. Conclui-se que esses construtos possuem comensurabilidade nominal adequada para a condução de estudos de compatibilidade (IO), assim como aplicações no campo da socialização organizacional, orientação profissional e de carreira.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los valores predictivos del trabajo en la preferencia por los valores de la organización, de manera coherente con la similitud conceptual prevista por la Teoría de Valores. Respondieron 254 estudiantes universitarios la Escala de Valores de la Organización y la Escala de Valores del Trabajo. Regresiones jerárquicas fueron realizadas controlando los datos demográficos. Los modelos presentaron explicación significativa para todos los valores de organización. Todos los predictores más importantes fueron compatibles con hipótesis basados en la teoría, revelando que valores de trabajo y valores de organización están conectados lógicamente a través de una estructura axiológica. Se llegó a la conclusión de que esos constructos tienen conmensurabilidad nominal adecuada para llevar a cabo estudios de compatibilidad (IO), así como aplicaciones en el campo de la socialización organizacional, orientación profesional y de carrera.

[Effects of pesticides and plant bio-stimulants on the germination of chlamydospores and in vitro development of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia]. / Efectos de plaguicidas y bioestimulantes vegetales sobre la germinación de clamidosporas y el desarrollo in vitro del hongo nematófago Pochonia chlamydosporia.

BACKGROUND: The effects of pesticides and plant bio-stimulants used in protected vegetable production systems on the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia are unknown. AIMS: The effectiveness of P. chlamydosporia against Meloidogyne spp. could be affected by products used in protected vegetable production systems. Two in vitro assays were carried out to evaluate any potential effect that pesticides and bio-stimulants often used in these systems could have on the fungus. METHODS: The effect on chlamydospore germination was evaluated in a first assay, and mycelia growth and sporulation in a second. With these results, the compatibility of each product with the fungus was determined. RESULTS: Chlamydospores germination was over 50% with the control, FitoMas E, Biobras-16 and Amidor. Lower results were observed with other products, with some of them even inhibiting germination completely. Fungal growth was potentiated by Biobras-16 to 106.23%, promoted up to 50-100% by the control, FitoMas E and Cuproflow, and was below 50% with the rest of the products.Cipermetrina, Benomilo, Zineb, Mitigan, Karate, FitoMas E and Amidor promoted fungal sporulation, which was below 50% with Cuproflow and completely inhibited by the other products. Fifty-four percent of the products evaluated were compatible with P. chlamydosporia, while 8% were toxic and 38%, very toxic. CONCLUSIONS: Cipermetrina, Karate, Amidor, Benomilo, Zineb, Mitigan and FitoMas E were compatible with P. chlamydosporia. If it is necessary to use any of the other products for integrated pest management in protected vegetable production systems, it is recommended to avoid direct contact with P. chlamydosporia.

Affective spatial compatibility task(AFFSCT): theory and applications / Tarefa de compatibilidade espacial afetiva (TCEA): teoria e aplicações / Tarea de compatibilidad espacial afectiva (TCEA): teoría y aplicaciones

Emotional stimuli are processed very efficiently, influencing physiological and behavioral responses as well as attention, perceptual processes and sensory-motor integration. In a previous work, we introduced a new paradigm, the Affective Spatial Compatibility task (AffSCt), to study whether the affective valence of the stimulus influences spatial compatibility effects. By using figures of soccer players of Favorite and Rival Teams as positive and negative valence stimuli, we found a normal Spatial Compatibility effect for the Favorite team and a reversed one for the Rival team. Here, we analyzed the time course of inhibitory and facilitatory effects of emotional valence by the Vincentization method. We found that for Favorite team, the facilitatory effect for the compatible condition, as compared to the incompatible one, increases as a function of the reaction time. In contrast, for Rival team, an opposite trend was found, in which inhibitory effect beEmotional stimuli are processed verycomes stronger for slower responses. We suggest that AffSCt is a powerful technology for investigating approach/avoidance effects and that it may be useful for diagnosing and following up the treatment of affective and behavioral disorders, such as anxiety, panic and ADHD. Potential applications in social psychology and consumer studies are also considered.

Os estímulos emocionais são processados de forma muito eficiente, influenciando as respostas fisiológicas e comportamentais, bem como a atenção, a percepção e a integração sensório-motora. Em um trabalho anterior, propusemos um novo paradigma, a Tarefa Afetiva de Compatibilidade Espacial (AffSCt), para estudar se a valência afetiva do estímulo influenciaria os efeitos de compatibilidade espacial. Ao usarmos figuras de jogadores de futebol dos times Favorito e Rival como estímulos de valência positiva e negativa, respectivamente, encontramos um efeito de compatibilidade espacial normal para o time Favorito e um invertido para o time Rival. No presente trabalho, foi analisado o desenvolvimento temporal dos efeitos inibitórios e facilitatórios da valência emocional pelo método da Vincentização. Descobrimos que, para o time Favorito, o efeito facilitatório na condição compatível em relação à incompatível aumenta em função do tempo de reação. Em contraste, para o time Rival, uma tendência oposta foi encontrada, em que o efeito inibitório se torna mais forte para as respostas mais lentas. Sugere-se que a AffSCt é uma tecnologia poderosa para investigar comportamentos de aproximação/afastamento, podendo ser útil na avaliação diagnóstica e acompanhamento terapêutico de transtornos emocionais e comportamentais, como o de ansiedade generalizada, síndrome de pânico e transtorno do déficit de atenção/hiperatividade. Também são consideradas as aplicações potenciais em psicologia social e estudos de consumidor.

Los estímulos emocionales se procesan de manera muy eficiente e influyen en las respuestas fisiológicas y de comportamiento, así como en la atención, la percepción y la integración sensorio-motora. En un trabajo previo, que presentó un nuevo paradigma, la tarea afectiva de compatibilidad espacial (AffSCt), para estudiar si la valencia afectiva de los estímulos influyen en los efectos de la compatibilidad espacial. Mediante el uso de las figuras de los jugadores de fútbol de los equipos favorito e rival como estímulos positivo y negativo de valencia, respectivamente, se observó un efecto ordinario de compatibilidad espacial para el equipo favorito y un efecto invertido para el equipo rival. En este estudio, hemos examinado la evolución temporal de los efectos inhibitorios y facilitatorio de la valencia emocional por el uso de la Vincentización. Hemos encontrado que, para el equipo favorito, el efecto facilitatorio aumenta para la condición compatible, respecto la incompatible, con el tiempo de eacción. En contraste, para el equipo rival, una tendencia inversa se encontró, en el que el efecto inhibidor se vuelve más fuerte para las respuestas más lentas. Se sugiere que AffSCt es una poderosa tecnología para investigar los comportamientos de aproximación/retirada que puede ser útil para diagnosticar y seguir el tratamiento de trastornos afectivos y conductuales como ansiedad, pánico y déficit de atención/trastorno de hiperactividad. También son consideradas aplicaciones potenciales del método en la psicología social y en los estudios de consumo.