Research on the intervention effect of Five-Element Music combined with Eight-Section Brocade on depression among medical students in higher vocational colleges.

Background: Depression is the main risk factor leading to suicidal ideation among college students. This study focused on observing and assessing how the combination of Five-Element Music and Eight-Section Brocade affected depression levels among medical students attending higher vocational colleges. Methods: From a total of 1,030 medical students studying in higher vocational colleges, we selected 160 students who showed depressive symptoms and met the specific criteria for the study. We used the SDS scale to identify these students and made them the participants of our experiment. Participants were randomly divided into four groups: the music intervention group (listening to traditional Chinese Five-Element Music for 15 min daily), the Eight-Section Brocade intervention group (practicing the Eight-Section Brocade exercises once daily, approximately 15 min), the combined intervention group (first practicing the Eight-Section Brocade exercises once, then listening to music for 15 min), and the control group (no intervention). Each group consisted of 40 participants. The three intervention groups (excluding the control group) underwent continuous intervention for 4 weeks. The SDS, SAS, and PSQI scales were used for evaluation before and after the intervention. Results: Except for the control group, the SDS, SAS, and PSQI scores of the other three groups were lower after the intervention than before the intervention (p < 0.01). After the treatment, the scores on SDS, SAS, and PSQI tests did not vary much between the students who listened to music and those who practiced Eight-Section Brocade (the difference was not statistically significant, p > 0.05). However, the students who did both music and Eight-Section Brocade showed significantly lower scores than those who did only one activity (both p < 0.01). Conclusion: Five-Element Music and Eight-Section Brocade can improve depression, anxiety, and sleep status among medical students in higher vocational colleges. The combined intervention of the two is more effective than a single method, and it is worth promoting and applying in higher vocational colleges. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=210705.

Effects of acupuncture combined with five-element music for people with mild/moderate post-stroke depression: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with five-element music (FEM) as an therapeutic strategy for the physical and mental state of Post-stroke depression patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: Multicenter, randomized clinical trial conducted at 3 hospitals in China and enrolling 237 patients with PSD between June 2019 and April 2021. Participants mild/moderate PSD (17-item GRID Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) score 7-24) were randomly assigned (1:1) to acupuncture combined with FEM (AFEM) group or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was change and differences between the groups in HAMD-17 from baseline to week 12. Secondary outcomes included Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale score and Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL) score. RESULTS: The 237 patients in this intention-to-treat analysis were randomized into either the AFEM group (n=119) or the cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) group (n=118). Of these 237 participants, 225 (94.9 %) completed all outcome measurements at week 12. The AFEM and CBT groups both showed significant improvement in HAMD-17 from baseline to week 12. Patients in the AFEM group had significantly lower HAMD-17 scores of -3.56 at week 8 (95 % CI,-4.59 to -2.53; p <.001) and -3.50 at week 12 (95 % CI,-4.53 to -2.46; p<.001) than patients in the CBT group. The SS-QOL score improved significantly at week 12. The Fugl-Meyer score was significantly lower in the AFEM group than in the CBT group at week 4, but this difference was not statistically significant upon follow-up at weeks 8 and 12. The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 2.1 % in the AFEM group, with no serious adverse events reported. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that acupuncture and five-element music significantly improve the depressive symptoms in this cohort of Chinese PSD patients, and the toxicities were similar with CBP group. REGISTRATION: This study registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: ChiCTR1900023741.

The effectiveness of five-element music therapy for post-stroke depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Five-element music therapy is widely utilized as a complementary approach in stroke rehabilitation, particularly for addressing post-stroke depression (PSD). This study systematically evaluates the clinical impact of five-element music therapy on individuals experiencing PSD. Methods: A comprehensive search of nine electronic databases, encompassing published and unpublished gray literature up to February 15, 2022, was conducted. Two investigators independently reviewed and extracted data, evaluating bias risk according to predefined criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results: Inclusive of 20 studies involving 1561 individuals with PSD, the meta-analysis revealed a significant difference in favor of five-element music therapy for relieving depression (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.34 to -0.81, P < 0.00001), improving daily living abilities (SMD = 2.49, 95% CI 1.00 to 3.98, P < 0.00001), and elevating serum 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) levels (SMD = 0.87, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.17, P < 0.00001). Conclusion: Five-element music therapy demonstrated efficacy in improving depressive symptoms, daily living skills, and serum 5-HT levels in individuals experiencing PSD.The review was registered on International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number CRD 42022332282).

The Modernization of Oriental Music Therapy: Five-Element Music Therapy Combined with Artificial Intelligence.

In recent years, music has been regarded as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for a number of physical and mental conditions. Five-elements music therapy-based on the five-element theory-is a unique non-pharmacological therapy of East Asian traditional medicine. It has the potential to effectively provide individualized music therapy to individuals with illness. However, one limitation of this music therapy is that the classification of the five elements and its application is mainly based on subjective judgment. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has enabled the acoustic analysis of multi-factor sound sources. This can develop five-element music therapy. Here, we discussed the challenges proposed by the future combination of five-element music therapy and AI. Further, we hypothesized that AI may promote its use in the medical field.

Effect of five-elements music therapy combined with Baduanjin qigong on patients with mild COVID-19.

Background: To investigate the physical and psychological effects of five-element music therapy combined with Baduanjin qigong treatment on inpatients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan. Methods: A mixed-methods study was used. In the quantitative study, a randomized controlled trial was performed on 40 study participants divided into a control group (n = 20) and an intervention group (n = 20). The Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Self-rating Depression Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were compared. For qualitative analysis, it adopted purposive sampling method, 13 patients of different ages from 18 to 60 years old and different exercise behavior were selected as the participants from the intervention group. A semi-structured interview method was used to collect data, and the content analysis method was used for data analysis. An interview outline was developed to assess the psychological condition and personal functional-exercise behavior of patients. Results: In the quantitative study, the anxiety self-scores and depression self-scores of patients in intervention group were significantly lower compared with control group after treatment (p < .05). The sleep quality of intervention group was significantly improved compared with control group (p < .001). Participants in the qualitative study responded to questions posed through semi-structured interviews. The effect of intervention was good, which has been supported and recognized by patients. Conclusion: The treatment of five-element music therapy combined with Baduanjin qigong on patients with mild COVID-19 alleviated anxiety and depression, and improved sleep quality, which was beneficial to the patients' physical and psychological recovery.

[Regulatory effect of five-element music therapy of traditional Chinese medicine for suboptimal health status of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency based on the temperature changes of acupoints].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of five-element music therapy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on the clinical symptoms and the quality of life in the patients with suboptimal health status (SHS) of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency and explore the corresponding specificity changes in the temperature of acupoints when zangfu functions are of dysfunction and recovered to be balanced, separately. METHODS: Sixty patients with SHS of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. In the control group, the conventional health education was provided. In the observation group, on the base of the therapeutic regimen as the control group, the patients received the five-element music therapy to pacify the liver qi and strengthen the spleen functions, once every two days, 30 min each time, 3 treatments a week. The course of treatment consisted of 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the TCM syndrome score and the MOS 36-item short form healthy survey (SF-36) score were compared between the two groups and the clinical therapeutic effect was evaluated. Using infrared thermal imaging, the temperature at the acupoints of the affected organs (liver, spleen), the related organs (gallbladder, stomach) and the other non-related zangfu organs (pericardium, lung) was detected before and after treatment in the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores were reduced when compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.01, P<0.05); the reduction in the observation group was larger than that of the control group (P<0.01). The score of each domain for the SF-36 in the observation group and the score of role-emotional domain in the control group were all increased when compared with the scores before treatment (P<0.01, P<0.05); and the score of each domain for the SF-36 in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate was 66.7% (20/30) in the observation group, which was higher than 10.0% in the control group (3/30, P<0.05). In the observation group, the temperature of the yuan-primary point, the back-shu point and the front-mu point related to the liver, as well as those related to the gallbladder after treatment was reduced when compared with the temperature before treatment; and the changes were larger than those of the control group (P<0.01). The temperature of the yuan-primary point, the back-shu point and the front-mu point related to the spleen, as well as the back-shu point and the front-mu point related to the stomach in the observation group was increased when compared with the temperature before treatment (P<0.01); and the changes were larger than those of the control group (P<0.01). For the temperature of the non-specific points related to the liver and spleen, as well as the yuan-primary point, the back-shu point and the front-mu point related to the pericardium and the lung, there was no significant differences when compared with the temperature at the above-mentioned acupoints before and after treatment (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: TCM five-element music therapy associated with the conventional health education may effectively relieve the clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life in the patients with suboptimal health status of liver stagnation and sleep deficiency; and the therapeutic effect is better than the simple health education. The changes in the temperature of acupoints may reflect the functional regulation of the related zangfu organs in the body.

Effect of Chaihu plus Longgu Muli decoction plus five-element music therapy in the treatment of cancer-related depression.

BACKGROUND: Ninety percent of tumour patients have negative emotions during or after anti-tumour treatment, resulting in depression. Western medicine antidepressants have many adverse reactions. Patients often discontinue antidepressants due to intolerance. AIM: This study aims to observe the clinical effect of Chaihu plus Longgu Muli decoction with five-element music therapy in treating cancer-related mild and moderate depression. METHODS: A total of 120 patients with depression in the Oncology Department of Tangshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei Province, from July 2017 to March 2019, were selected and randomly divided into the control and study groups (60 cases each) by the random number table method. The study group was treated with Chaihu plus Longgu Muli decoction with five-element music therapy for depression. The control group was treated with escitalopram tablets. After three courses of treatment, the degree of depression, clinical efficacy, quality of life, serum norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels were observed. RESULTS: After treatment, the HAMD-24 (Hamilton Depression 24) scale scores of the study group (13.93 ± 6.32) were lower than the control group (19.04 ± 7.46), and the difference was statistically significant (x2 = 4.048, p = 0.008). The total effective rate of the study group (93.33%) was higher than the control group (73.33%), and the difference was statistically significant (x2 = 7.260, p = 0.000). After treatment, according to the QLQ-C30 (quality of life questionnaire) scale, the functional score of the study group was higher than the control group (p < 0.05), and the symptom score of the study group was lower than the control group (p < 0.05). After treatment, the serum NE and 5-HT levels in the study group were higher than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05) (NE: 221.81 ± 31.14 vs 198.91 ± 29.97, t = 4.078, p = 0.000; 5-HT: 141.41 ± 20.35 vs 125.32 ± 14.58, t = 5.781, p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Chaihu plus Longgu Muli decoction with five-element music therapy can effectively alleviate patients' cancer-related depression and improve their quality of life, which is worthy of promotion.

Effects of different music on HEK293T cell growth and mitochondrial functions.

BACKGROUND: Mitochondria are considered a portal to receive, process and integrate external energy and information to maintain cellular homeostasis. Previous studies demonstrated that mitochondrial function and antioxidant capacity of in-vitro cultured mammalian cells is modified by different energetic stimuli including electromagnetic energy, acoustic energy, external Qi and subtle energy emitted by written texts in relatively short time frames. Thus, individual cells can act as a rapid and sensitive biological sensor and act as a platform to evaluate and understand the subtle effect of different biophysical stimuli. Regarding acoustic energy, several different types of music have been reported to produce beneficial effects on human health. OBJECTIVE: To compare eastern and western music styles on cell function at the biochemical level to understand the underlying mechanisms involved. Methods In this study, we compared the effects of Chinese five-element music with two types of western music (heavy-metal and classical) on mitochondrial function, oxidative capacity and growth using HEK293T cells (human embryonic kidney cells). RESULTS: Unlike rock and classical music, exposing cells to five-element music produced several beneficial physiological effects, including statistically significant increases in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by 17%, glutathione (GSH) by 21% and cell growth rates (14%), as well as a significant reduction in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 13%. For the group treated with classical music, there was only a trend toward increased GSH (8%), although the increased growth rates (14%) did reach significance. In sharp contrast, the cells treated with heavy-metal music responded with an opposite and significant 16% increase in ROS and a significant 11% reduction in cell viability. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed the dramatically different and even opposite effects of different styles of music on specific biochemical measures in cultured human cells. These results help explain the underlying biochemical mechanisms of the effects of the different types of music.

Effectiveness of five-element music therapy in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of five-element music therapy on anxiety, depression, quality of life (QoL), sleep quality and Karnofsky performance score (KPS) in cancer patients. METHODS: We searched English databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science) and Chinese databases (CNKI, WanFang, CBM and VIP database) from the inception to December 25, 2020. Two investigators independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias according to the eligibility criteria. The RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform the meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 22 studies, 2053 people with cancer were included. Meta-analysis showed that five-element music therapy had a significant difference for relieving depression (SMD = -1.11, 95% CI: 1.41 to -0.82, P < 0.00001), QoL (SMD = 1.41, 95% CI:0.58 to 2.23, P = 0.0008), sleep quality (MD = -1.73, 95% CI: 2.34 to -1.12, P < 0.00001), and KPS (MD = 4.75, 95% CI:2.31 to 7.18, P = 0.0001). And five-element music therapy did not show a positive effect on anxiety (SMD = -0.60, 95% CI: 1.47 to 0.27, P = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: Five-element music therapy had a positive effect on depression, QoL, sleep quality, and KPS in cancer patients, while did not show a positive effect on anxiety. Future researchers need to optimize the research program and conduct more high-quality, large sample, multi-center randomized controlled studies. Besides, it would be helpful for future researchers to explain the five-element music therapy being examined and how it is potentially useful in western contexts.

Efficacy of five-element music interventions in perinatal mental health and labor pain: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the efficacy of five-element music interventions in perinatal mental health and labor pain. To provide evidence for future research on Chinese Traditional Music Interventions. METHODS: An electronically search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI databases, WanFang Data and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals from inception to January 07, 2020 to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on five-element music interventions for prenatal, perinatal and postpartum women. Literature screening, data extraction, and the risk of bias assessment of all eligible studies were conducted by two reviewers independently. Then, meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: A total of 13 RCTs involving 2387 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that five-element music could significantly improve the depression levels (SMD = -2.03, 95%CI: -2.88 to -1.19, P < 0.00001), anxiety levels (SMD = -3.49, 95%CI: -4.47 to -2.24, P < 0.00001) and severe anxiety rate (OR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.19 to 0.94, P = 0.04) of perinatal women. Additionally, five-element music produced significant effects on labor pain (MD = -0.67, 95%CI: -0.82 to -0.52, P < 0.00001), labor duration (MD = -0.85, 95%CI: -1.07 to -0.63, P < 0.00001), the hemorrhage 2 h after parturition (MD = -19.55, 95%CI: -35.56 to -3.54, P = 0.02) and the Serum DYN expression level (MD = 1.32, 95%CI: 0.23 to 2.40, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Five-element music may be efficacious in improving perinatal women' depression, anxiety, labor pain, labor duration, the hemorrhage 2 h after parturition and the Serum DYN expression level. Because of the limitation of quantity and quality of included studies, more high-quality studies were needed to confirm the above conclusion.

Effects of Five-Element Music on Language Recovery in Patients with Poststroke Aphasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: Five-element music constitutes a complementary therapy in stroke and other acquired brain injuries. Aphasia represents a great problem faced by individuals with stroke. Five-element music, a new type of therapy, may benefit people with poststroke aphasia (PSA). The present study summarized evidences describing the effects of five-element music in language treatment in patients with PSA. Methods: A total of 20 databases and websites were searched from inception to May 2018, including published or unpublished gray literature. Both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials were included in the literature review. Two reviewers independently screened and assessed relevant publications; data extraction was carried out with specific forms. The above reviewers also assessed the quality of each trial by using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. After evaluating heterogeneity among studies, quantitative synthesis was applied, where appropriate. Review Manager (Rev Man) 5.3 was employed to examine the pooled effect of five-element music for PSA compared with control therapy. Results: Six RCTs met the eligibility criteria and included 516 patients and were assessed by meta-analysis and quality analysis. Five-element music more significantly increased language scores than Western music therapy or routine care controls in repetition (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55-3.37), spontaneous speech (SMD = 1.29; 95% CI 0.53-2.04), and naming (SMD = 1.11; 95% CI 0.80-1.43) (all p < 0.05). No adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Five-element music might moderately improve language rehabilitation in individuals with PSA; however, higher quality RCTs with consistent interventions are required to confirm these findings.

The effects of Chinese five-element music therapy on nursing students with depressed mood.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Chinese five-element music therapy on nursing students with depressed mood. We randomly assigned 71 nursing students from Taiwan with depressed mood to the music and control groups. The music group (n = 31) received Chinese five-element music therapy, whereas the participants in the control group (n = 40) maintained their routine lifestyles with no music therapy. All of the participants were assessed using the Depression Mood Self-Report Inventory for Adolescence, and their salivary cortisol levels were measured. The study found that there was a significant reduction in depression between the pre- and posttherapy test scores and in salivary cortisol levels over time in the music group. After receiving the music therapy, the nursing students' depression levels were significantly reduced (P = 0.038) compared with the control group (P < 0.001). These results indicate that the Chinese five-element music therapy has the potential to reduce the level of depression in nursing students with depressed mood.