A Meta-Analysis of the Reliability of Second Language Listening Tests (1991-2022).

To investigate the reliability of L2 listening tests and explore potential factors affecting the reliability, a reliability generalization (RG) meta-analysis was conducted in the present study. A total number of 122 alpha coefficients of L2 listening tests from 92 published articles were collected and submitted to a linear mixed effects RG analysis. The papers were coded based on a coding scheme consisting of 16 variables classified into three categories: study features, test features, and statistical results. The results showed an average reliability of 0.818 (95% CI: 0.803 to 0.833), with 40% of reliability estimates falling below the lower bound of CI. The presence of publication bias and heterogeneity was found in the reliability of L2 listening tests, indicating that low reliability coefficients were likely omitted from some published studies. In addition, two factors predicting the reliability of L2 listening tests were the number of items and test type (standardized and researcher- or teacher-designed tests). The study also found that reliability is not a moderator of the relationship between L2 listening scores and theoretically relevant constructs. Reliability induction was identified in reporting the reliability of L2 listening tests, too. Implications for researchers and teachers are discussed.

A systematic review of predictors and moderators of treatment outcomes in internet- and mobile-based interventions for depression.

This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on predictors and moderators of treatment outcomes in internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) for depression, informing personalized care. A systematic search across PubMed, PsycInfo, and Cochrane yielded 33,002 results. Two reviewers independently performed screening, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and methodological quality evaluation. Fifty-eight single studies (m = 466 analyses) focusing on baseline-predictors (59.7 %, m = 278), process-predictors (16.5 %, m = 77), and moderators (21.9 %, m = 102), and six individual patient data meta-analyses (m = 93) were included. Only 24.0 % (m = 112/466) of analyses in single studies and 15.1 % (m = 14/93) in individual patient data meta-analyses were significant. Evidence from single studies was rated as insufficient for all variable categories with only 2 out of 40 categories showing >50 % significant results. Baseline depression severity had the strongest predictive value with higher scores linked to better outcomes followed by variables indicative for the course-of-change. Other frequently analyzed and potentially relevant variables with significant results were adherence, age, educational level, ethnicity, relationship status, treatment history, and behavioral variables. More high quality quantitative studies with sufficient power are essential to validate and expand findings, identifying predictors and moderators specifically relevant in IMIs to explain differential treatment effects.

Optimization and shielding design of a thermal neutron device based on D-D neutron generator with Geant4 toolkit.

Neutron activation analysis is a highly sensitive non-destructive testing technique with important applications in industry, geoscience, medical therapy, etc. This work designed and optimized a thermal neutron device that utilized a portable D-D neutron generator, and the Monte Carlo method with the Geant4 toolkit was applied to simulation. The objective of the optimized design is to maximize the thermal neutron flux at the output surface and increase the utilization efficiency of the neutron generator. A parameter K was defined as a measure of the device's slowing capacity for neutrons and was used to determine the optimized device geometry. The simulation considered the contribution of different types and sizes of moderators and reflectors to the thermal neutron intensity to obtain the optimal size. The shielding protection of the device was then designed. The effectiveness of shielding with different thicknesses was evaluated using three dose reference points. The results indicated that the optimized device can achieve a maximum thermal neutron flux of 1.97 × 105 n∙cm-2∙s-1 at the output surface by using high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as the moderator and nickel as the reflector. It was determined that using 45 cm of HDPE and 9 cm of lead protection in sequence along the neutron head axis would reduce the dose rate at the reference point, located 5 cm from the surface of the device, below the safety limit of 2.5 µSv/h.

The Association between Emotional Intelligence and Prosocial Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Emotional intelligence and prosocial behavior both play an important role in the development of children and adolescents. However, the strength of the association between emotional intelligence and prosocial behavior in children and adolescents is controversial. Hence, this study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the exact association between emotional intelligence and prosocial behavior in children and adolescents. Through a literature search, a total of 40 studies and 40 effect sizes were included in this meta-analysis (n = 20621). In this study, the main effect test shows that there is a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and prosocial behavior in children and adolescents (r = 0.43). Moreover, the present study found a significant moderating effect of age. More specifically, the association between early childhood (0-6 years) emotional intelligence and prosocial behavior is stronger than in middle childhood (7-12 years) and adolescence (13-18 years), and the correlation between emotional intelligence and prosocial behavior is stronger in boys than in girls. The culture was also found to be an important moderator, the association was found to be weaker for Western culture than for Eastern culture. Finally, a stronger correlation between the two variables was found when the emotional intelligence measurement tool was LZ (Emotional intelligence questionnaire compiled by Liu Yan and Zou Hong). These results indicated that improving children's and adolescents' emotional intelligence could be an important strategy to enhance children's prosocial behavior.

The Dark Triad and aggression among drug abstainers: a moderated mediation model of self-control and physical exercise.

BACKGROUND: Drug addiction is a significant public health concern, and aggression is common among people with drug addiction. Despite mounting evidence showing that the Dark Triad is a risk factor for aggression, the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship are less known. This study tested the mediation effect of self-control in the association between the Dark Triad and aggression and whether this mediation was moderated by physical exercise. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two compulsory drug rehabilitation centers in Nanning, China. A convenience sample of 564 drug abstainers completed a questionnaire to assess their Dark Triad, self-control, aggression, and physical exercise levels. Mediation and moderation analyses were carried out in SPSS macro-PROCESS. RESULTS: Self-control partially mediated the positive association between the Dark Triad and aggression. Physical exercise moderated the indirect effect of the Dark Triad on aggression via self-control, with the effect decreasing with the increase in physical exercise levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study offers fresh insights into the underlying mediating and moderating mechanisms between the Dark Triad and aggression. The findings provide important practical implications for future intervention and prevention programs to address aggression among drug abstainers, which may be realized through strengthening self-control and physical exercise.

A longitudinal study of rotating shift type and attention performance of acute and critical care nurses with chronotype as moderator variable.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether chronotype is a moderator variable that also interacts with shift type and whether they jointly influence the attention performance of nurses working in acute and critical care units. METHODS: We adopted a longitudinal research design focusing on nurses working rotating shifts in the emergency room and intensive care units at a medical center. A total of 40 complete samples were obtained. Data analysis was conducted using the generalized estimating equations in SAS 9.4. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 26.35 (2.12) years. After controlling for age, gender, and sleep duration, an interaction effect was discovered between a specific chronotype and shift type; that is, the interaction effect between chronotype and shift type was only significant when comparing late-types working the night shift with early- and intermediate-types working the night shift (B = -18.81, P = .011). The least squares means of the mean reaction time of the interaction effects between the 2 chronotype groups and the 3 shift types found that the mean reaction time of late-types working the night shift was 11.31 ms (P = .044) slower compared with working the day shift. CONCLUSIONS: The chronotype is a moderator variable between shift type and mean reaction time, such that matching the chronotype of nurses in acute and critical care units with the appropriate shift type improved their mean reaction time. It is hoped that the results of this study could serve as a reference for acute and critical care nurses when scheduling their shifts.

Predictors of treatment outcome of psychological therapies for common mental health problems (CMHP) in older adults: A systematic literature review.

Identifying factors that impact psychological treatment outcomes in older people with common mental health problems (CMHP) has important implications for supporting healthier and longer lives. The aim of the present study was to synthesise the evidence on predictors of psychological treatment outcomes in older people (aged 65+). PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO were searched and 3929 articles were identified and screened, with 42 studies (N = 7978, M age = 68.9, SD age = 2.85) included: depression: k = 21, anxiety: k = 11, panic disorder: k = 3, mixed anxiety & depression: k = 3, PTSD: k = 2, various CMHP: k = 2, with CBT being the most common treatment (71%). The review identified 28 factors reported as significant predictors of treatment outcome in at least one study, across different domains: psychosocial (n = 9), clinical (n = 6), treatment-related (n = 6), socio-demographic (n = 4), neurobiological (n = 3). Homework completion was the most consistent predictor of positive treatment outcome. Baseline symptom severity was the most frequently studied significant predictor and across all conditions, with higher baseline symptom severity largely linked to worse treatment outcomes. No significant effects on treatment outcome were reported for gender, income and physical comorbidities. For a large majority of factors evidence was mixed or inconclusive. Further studies are required to identify factors affecting psychological treatment outcomes, which will be important for the development of personalised treatment approaches.

Exploring work ability, psychosocial job demands and resources of employees in low-skilled jobs: a German cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Extending working lives due to labour market and pension regulations makes maintaining and promoting work ability necessary. The coronavirus pandemic has shown that employees in low-skilled jobs (no qualification required) contribute significantly to society and the economy. Research on these employees has been neglected in Germany for many decades despite demanding working conditions. Therefore, we investigate the relationship between low-skilled jobs and work ability. Moreover, we explore this relationship's variation by psychosocial work demands and resources. METHODS: We use two waves of the German Study on Mental Health at Work (S-MGA). We calculate Ordinary-Least-Squares (OLS) regression models with pooled data (n = 6,050) to analyse the relationship between job requirement level and work ability. We also explore the contribution of job demands and resources on this relationship with interaction models. We use the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ), to assess psychosocial work demands and resources. RESULTS: Employees performing low-skilled jobs report significantly less work ability than those in medium- or high-skilled jobs. Interaction models show significantly greater work ability for employees in medium- and high-skilled jobs with high influence on their work (amount or tasks). Unexpectedly, employees in low-skilled jobs have lower work ability with more influence on their work. Furthermore, high role clarity, describing responsibility, authority and work goals, is associated with lower levels of work ability among employees in low-skilled jobs. CONCLUSIONS: The moderating effect of role clarity on the work ability of employees in low-skilled jobs can possibly be attributed to skills mismatch and limited responsibility, as well as a lack of self-perceived collective purpose of the job. The moderation of the influence on work dimension supports results of previous studies. Too much job autonomy can have negative effects under certain circumstances and is therefore perceived as a job demand in some studies. Consequently, mechanisms concerning psychosocial work demands and resources must be investigated in further studies with different theoretical approaches. The imbalance of job demands and resources shows that employers should invest in preserving the work ability to prevent early exit from the labour market in an aging society.

Exploring the complex associations among risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty in community-dwelling older adults.

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty are age-related conditions that are associated with multiple health-related negative outcomes. However, the complex associations between them remain to be elucidated. The aims of the study were to explore: (1) whether the risk of sarcopenia has a mediator effect on the association between risks of malnutrition and frailty; and (2) whether physical activity (PA) level modulates this mediator effect in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 593 older adults (62.73% female; mean age = 71.35 ± 5.86 years). The Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), the SARC-F Questionnaire, and the FRAIL Questionnaire were used to assess the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty, respectively. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was employed to assess PA level. Using the Hayes PROCESS macro (Models 4 and 7), mediation and moderated mediation analyses were performed. RESULTS: The mediation analysis demonstrated that the MNA-SF had a significant effect on the SARC-F (B=-0.325; p < 0.001) and the SARC-F, in turn, had a significant effect on the FRAIL (B = 0.341; p < 0.001). The total (B=-0.171; p < 0.001), direct (B=-0.061; p = 0.001), and indirect (B=-0.111; bootstrap CI did not include zero, which indicates a significant effect) effects of MNA-SF on FRAIL were significant, showing that 65% of the association between the MNA-SF and FRAIL was explained by the SARC-F acting as a mediator. The moderated mediation analysis demonstrated that the association between MNA and SARC-F was moderated by the PA level (B = 0.253; p = 0.016). The SARC-F mediated and relatively enhanced the association between MNA-SF and FRAIL only in older adults with a moderate PA level (B=-0.120; CI: -0.154 to -0.085). CONCLUSIONS: The SARC-F partially mediates the association between the MNA-SF and the FRAIL, indicating that malnutrition affects frailty through an indirect path via sarcopenia. Furthermore, the PA level moderates this mediator effect, with sarcopenia serving as a mediator in older adults with moderate a PA level but not in those with a low PA level. These findings reveal that it may be beneficial to consider PA level in combination with malnutrition and sarcopenia in the management and prevention of frailty in community-dwelling older adults.

The association between social support and prosocial behavior: A three-level meta-analysis.

Numerous studies have examined the relationship between social support and prosocial behavior and have concluded that social support is an important factor in generating prosocial behavior. However, different studies have produced different conclusions, and the moderating effect on the relationship is not entirely clear. The current study uses a three-level meta-analysis method to clarify the relationship between social support and prosocial behavior, and explores the moderating variables that affect the relationship between the two variables. Through a systematic literature search, a total of 92 studies, 418 effect sizes, and 74,378 participants were obtained. The main effects test found a significant positive correlation between social support and prosocial behavior. Tests of the moderating effects indicated that the relationship between social support and prosocial behavior was moderated by year of publication, source of social support, measurement of social support and measurement of prosocial behavior. In summary, social support plays an important role in prosocial behavior, and exploring their relationship is beneficial to families, schools and society in guiding individuals' prosocial behavior.

Gender differences in the relationship between medical students' emotional intelligence and stress coping: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Given the increasing stress levels among medical students due to the impact of COVID-19, it is crucial to effectively reduce their stress levels for their future development. To better understand medical students' stress coping, this study investigated how their emotional intelligence is related to stress coping and whether this relationship is moderated by gender differences. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A random sample of 744 medical students from Hebei Province, China, was investigated via an emotional intelligence scale and stress coping questionnaire from March-May 2023. The response rate was 93%. SPSS and Mplus statistical software were used for the data analysis. RESULTS: The self-emotional appraisal of medical students had a significant negative effect on avoidant coping (ß = -0.173, CI 95% = [-0.243, -0.099], p < .001). However, the other dimensions of emotional intelligence (others' emotional appraisal, use of emotion, and regulation of emotion) had a significant positive impact on the active coping of female medical students (ß = 0.146, CI 95% = [0.082,0.214], p < .001; ß = 0.235, CI 95% = [0.167,0.304], p < .001; ß = 0.165, CI 95% = [0.084,0.247], p < .001). In contrast to those of female medical students, other dimensions of emotional intelligence had a significant positive impact on the avoidant coping of male medical students (ß = -0.161, CI 95% = [-0.284, -0.062]; p < 0.01; ß = 0.126, CI 95% = [0.043,0.246], p < 0.001; ß = 0.159, CI 95% = [0.054,0.277], p < 0.05; ß = -0.221, CI 95% = [-0.363, -0.129], p < 0.001). Moreover, the use of emotion had a significant positive impact on the active coping of male medical students (ß = 0.272, CI 95% = [0.182,0.382], p < .001). Furthermore, gender differences had a moderating effect on the relationship between emotional intelligence dimensions and stress coping (ß = 0.178; CI 95% = [0.068,0.292]; p < 0.05). Others' emotional appraisal has a greater impact on female students' active coping. In addition, with increasing regulation of emotion ability, female medical students reduce avoidant coping (ß = 0.169, CI 95% = [0.002,0.326]; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The current study revealed that gender is a significant moderator of the relationship between medical students' emotional intelligence and stress coping. These findings may help medical colleges focus on gender differences when improving medical students' ability to cope with stress.

Erratum: The cognitive adaptability and resiliency employment screener (CARES): tool development and testing.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1254147.].

Early impact of a new food store intervention on health-related outcomes.

This study investigated the early impact of a community-based food intervention, the Good Food Junction (GFJ), a full-service grocery store (September 2012 - January 2016) in a former food desert in Saskatoon, Canada. The hypothesis tested was that frequent shopping at the GFJ improved food security and selected health-related outcomes among shoppers, and the impact was moderated by socioeconomic factors. Longitudinal data were collected from 156 GFJ shoppers, on three occasions: 12-, 18-, and 24-months post-opening. Participants were grouped into three categories based on the frequency of shopping at the GFJ: low, moderate, and high. A generalized estimating equations approach was used for model building; moderating effects were tested. Participants were predominantly female, Indigenous, low-income, and had high school or some post-secondary education. The GFJ use was associated with household food security (OR for high and moderate frequency shoppers reporting less than a high school education were 1.81 and 1.06, respectively), and mental health (OR for high and moderate frequency shoppers reporting high income were 2.82 and 0.87, respectively) exhibiting a dose-response relationship, and indicated that these outcomes were significantly moderated by participants' socioeconomic factors. Shopping at the GFJ had a positive effect on food security and mental health, but to varying levels for those with low incomes, with less than high school or high school or better levels of education.

Moderating Effect of Daylight Exposure on the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Sleep in Patients with Upper Digestive Cancer: An Exploratory Study.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the moderating effect of daylight exposure on physical activity and objective sleep quality, using wearable actigraph devices. METHODS: We recruited 324 patients with either gastric or esophageal cancer. Actigraphs were used to measure all objective data including daylight exposure, physical activity, and sleep quality. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to examine the relationships among demographic data, disease attributes, physical activity, daylight exposure, and sleep. The Hayes PROCESS macro with the regression bootstrapping method was employed to analyze the moderating effect of daylight exposure on the relationship between physical activity and sleep. RESULTS: Sleep efficiency correlated positively with physical activity, while "wake after sleep onset" correlated negatively with physical activity and mean lux. Mean lux and light >500 lux significantly moderated the association between physical activity and sleep efficiency (P = .002 in both cases). Similarly, mean lux and light >500 lux significantly moderated the association between physical activity and "wake after sleep onset" (P = .002 and .001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Both average daylight exposure and time of exposure to >500 lux act as moderators of physical activity and objective sleep quality in patients with gastric or esophageal cancer. Healthcare practitioners should encourage patients with cancer to engage in daily outdoor physical activity. Further intervention studies are needed to verify the combined effect of daytime light exposure and physical activity on improving sleep quality. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Healthcare practitioners should encourage patients with cancer to engage in daily outdoor physical activity. Further intervention studies are needed to verify the combined effect of daytime light exposure and physical activity on improving sleep quality.

The Individual as Moderator of Variable Relations - A Configural Approach.

Moderators are variables that change the relations among other variables. Moderators are variables that are substantive just as the variables whose relations are moderated. In the present article, we propose using individuals as moderators. Specifically, we propose using Configural Frequency Analysis, that is, investigating moderators from a person-oriented perspective. The question asked is whether variable relations vary across individuals. Base models are specified for Configural Frequency Analysis that allow one to identify individuals that differ in variable relations. In a data example, it is shown that not a single individual in a sample of alcoholics shows the pattern of association between subjective stress and beer consumption that was found for the entire sample. Extensions of the configural moderator model are discussed.

A bayesian network meta-analysis to explore modifying factors in randomized controlled trials: what works for whom to reduce depression in nursing home residents?

BACKGROUND: Reviews of depression interventions in nursing home residents resulted in positive findings. However, because of the heterogeneity of the studies, it remains unclear what works for whom. Considering moderator effects may contribute to a comprehensive understanding of depression treatment in residents. Therefore, this study aims to review depression interventions, examining moderator effects of (1) residents' factors, and (2) components specific of interventions. METHODS: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials primarily aimed at reducing depressive symptoms among residents was conducted. First, intervention types, e.g., exercise interventions, were compared to care as usual. Second, meta-regression analyses were conducted for moderator effects of residents' factors (i.e., severity of depressive symptoms, physical dependency, and cognitive impairment) and components identified as specific to an intervention (e.g., music, creativity, positivity). RESULTS: Our search across six databases resulted in 118 eligible studies: 16 on neurobiological interventions, 102 on non-pharmacological interventions. Compared to care as usual, cognitive interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and goal-oriented therapy, showed the strongest effects (MD = -1.00, 95% CrI [-1.40 to -0.66]). Furthermore, the severity of depressive symptoms moderated the effect of interventions (ƅ = -0.63, CrI 95% [-1.04 to -0.22]), while none of fifteen identified intervention-specific components did. In residents with a depression diagnosis, there were larger effect sizes for interventions including daily structure, psychoeducation, healthy food, creativity, positivity, and an activating/encouraging environment, whereas interventions focusing on distraction and relaxation had larger effect sizes in those residents without. CONCLUSIONS: By examining the moderator effects, we provided an integrative perspective on the observed variations in effects across different target groups, and components of depression interventions. This approach underscores the complex nature of interventions, emphasizing the need for continued transdisciplinary research, and the exploration of potential moderators. Future investigations should carefully assess residents' factors and choose interventions and their components accordingly.

Does pain self-efficacy predict, moderate or mediate outcomes in people with chronic headache; an exploratory analysis of the CHESS trial.

BACKGROUND: Chronic headache disorders are disabling. The CHESS trial studied the effects of a short non-pharmacological intervention of education with self-management support for people affected by migraine and/or tension type headache for at least 15 days per month for at least three months. There were no statistically significant effects on the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) at 12-months. However, we observed improvement in pain self-efficacy questionnaire (PSEQ) and short-term HIT-6. We explored the impact of the CHESS intervention on PSEQ, and subsequently, on the HIT-6 and chronic headache quality of life questionnaire (CH-QLQ) at four, eighth and 12 months. METHODS: We included all 736 participants from the CHESS trial. We used simple linear regression models to explore the change of HIT-6 and CH-QLQ with treatment and PSEQ at baseline (predictor analysis), and the interaction between treatment and baseline PSEQ (moderator analysis). We considered the change of PSEQ from baseline to four months as a mediator in the mediation analysis. RESULTS: Baseline PSEQ neither predicted nor moderated outcomes. The prediction effect on change of HIT-6 from baseline to 12 months was 0.01 (95% CI, -0.03 to 0.04) and the interaction (moderation) effect was -0.07 (95% CI, -0.15 to 0.002). However, the change of PSEQ from baseline to 4-month mediated the HIT-6 (baseline to 8-, and 12-month) and all components of CH-QLQ (baseline to 8-, and 12-month). The CHESS intervention improved the mediated variable, PSEQ, by 2.34 (95% CI, 0.484 to 4.187) units and this corresponds to an increase of 0.21 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.45) units in HIT-6 at 12-months. The largest mediated effect was observed on the CH-QLQ Emotional Function, an increase of 1.12 (95% CI, 0.22 to 2.20). CONCLUSIONS: PSEQ was not an effective predictor of outcome. However, change of short-term PSEQ mediated all outcomes, albeit minimally. Future behavioural therapy for chronic headache may need to consider how to achieve larger, and more sustained increases level of self-efficacy than that achieved within the CHESS trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN79708100.

Effects of neutron sources and moderator materials on therapeutic dose delivery to deep-seated lesions in proton accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy.

This study aimed to identify the optimal conditions for delivering sufficient doses to deep-seated lesions within short irradiation times for two boron carriers of different T/N ratios. The therapeutic depth and irradiation time of a neutron beam for beam shaping assemblies (BSAs) with a Li or Be target and a MgF2 or CaF2 moderator were examined with the fast-neutron dose per epithermal neutron (FNR) as a parameter. When T/N = 3.61, the therapeutic depth was almost saturated at an FNR of about 10 × 10-13 Gy cm2; when the FNR value was about 10 × 10-13 Gy cm2, the therapeutic depth of the neutron beam for the BSA with a Be target and a MgF2 moderator was almost identical to that for the neutron beam for the BSA with a Be target and a CaF2 moderator, and slightly greater than those for the neutron beams for the BSAs with a Li target and a MgF2 or CaF2 moderator; moreover, the irradiation time of the neutron beam for the BSA with a Be target and a MgF2 moderator was shorter than that for the neutron beam for the BSA with a Be target and a CaF2 moderator. When T/N = 100, the therapeutic depths of the neutron beams for the BSAs varied greatly depending on the FNR, and were greater than the corresponding values for T/N = 3.61. We therefore concluded that the BSA with a Be target and a MgF2 moderator that produced a neutron beam with an FNR of about 10 × 10-13 Gy cm2 is optimal for delivering sufficient doses to deep-seated lesions in short irradiation times when T/N = 3.61, and stricter control over FNR is required when T/N = 100.

The association between trait mindfulness and sleep problems: A three-level meta-analysis.

Trait mindfulness has shown potential in relieving the symptoms related to sleep problems, but the relationship between trait mindfulness and sleep problems varies across studies. To explore this association and obtain reliable estimates, a three-level meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach. A comprehensive literature search identified 86 studies involving 87 independent samples and 35,521 participants. A total of 441 effect sizes were analyzed. The study indicated a negative association between trait mindfulness and sleep problems. Furthermore, the meta-analysis revealed significant moderating effects of study design, mindfulness facets, and measurement for trait mindfulness on this relationship. This study suggests that trait mindfulness is closely related to the alleviation of sleep problems. Furthermore, trait mindfulness is vital important in strengthening prevention and intervention measures targeting individuals' sleep problems.

Surviving the Shocks: A Contemporary of Short-coupled Ventricular Fibrillation.

A young man presented following successful cardiac resuscitation after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. During his admission, he had multiple runs of short-coupled ventricular fibrillation with a similar morphology premature ventricular complex (PVC) trigger. He was brought to the electrophysiology laboratory, and, with a high dose of isoprenaline, the PVC was localised to the moderator band. Ablation induced short runs of ventricular tachycardia before elimination of the PVC. He subsequently underwent subcutaneous implantable cardiac defibrillator implantation before his discharge.