A panel of five plasma proteins for the early diagnosis of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma in individuals at risk.

BACKGROUND: To improve the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), more effective diagnostic biomarkers are needed. A combination of biomarkers is reported to distinguish individuals with early-stage HCC from at-risk individuals. METHODS: Participants in this study were recruited from six hospitals in China. Literature review was used to choose 19 candidate proteins, a case-control study in the discovery stage was used to identify five proteins (P5) that constituted a diagnostic model. In the training and validation stages, the effectiveness of P5 for detecting early-stage HCC was tested (cross-sectional study). Finally, a nested case-control study independent of the other stages was set up to evaluate the P5 in the preclinical diagnosis of HCC. FINDINGS: Between February 2013 and June 2017, a total of 1396 participants were recruited. A panel of 5 proteins (P5: OPN, GDF15, NSE, TRAP5 and OPG) showed high diagnostic accuracy when differentiating the early-stage HCC from the at-risk group, with AUCs of 0·892, 0·907 and 0·852 for the training stage, validation cohort 1 and cohort 2 data sets, respectively. In the prediction set, the sensitivity of P5 for diagnosing preclinical HCC increased with time, starting from 12 months before to the time of definitive clinical diagnosis (range, 46·15% to 86·67%). INTERPRETATION: The P5 panel has the potential to screen populations at high risk of developing HCC and can enable the early diagnosis of HCC. FUNDING: Research supported by grants from eight funds. All sources of funding were declared at the end of the text.

Evaluation of the clinical application of multiple tumor marker protein chip in the diagnostic of lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: The early diagnostic of lung cancer plays an important role in the prognosis of surgical treatment among lung cancer patients. To evaluate the clinical application of multi-tumor markers protein biochip in the diagnosis of lung cancer, 12 tumor markers were detected in patients with different stages of lung cancer. METHODS: Serum CA125, CA19-9, Ferritin, CA15-3, CA242, CEA, AFP, NSE, PSA, f-PSA, HGH, and ß-HGH were assessed in 506 patients, with 224 patients with lung cancer (including 123 cases of adenocarcinoma, 30 squamous cell carcinoma, 54 small-cell carcinoma, and 17 non classification), 159 patients with benign lung disease and 90 healthy people control by the C-12 multiple tumor protein-chip detective system. RESULTS: The positive rate of C-12 (77.23%) in lung cancer was significantly higher than that of benign lung disease (13.84%) and healthy people (9.76%) (P < .01). In lung cancer, the positive rate of CA199, NSE, CEA, CA242, Ferritin, f-PSA, and CA125 were significantly higher than that of benign lung disease and healthy people. In adenocarcinoma, the positive rate of CA125 (73.53%) was significantly higher than that of squamous cell carcinoma (36.67%) and small-cell carcinoma (56.62%). CONCLUSION: The C-12 multiple tumor protein-chip detective system has acceptable sensitivity in the diagnostic of lung cancer.