Emerging occupational risks in green jobs: a review.

Green jobs are to be understood as those jobs directly associated with specific sustainability issues and activities related to the efficiency, quality and innovation of goods and services offered, from an eco-sustainability perspective. The objective of the research was to fill knowledge gaps of new and emerging environmental and occupational risks related to sustainable activities and to understand the impact these might have on workers' psychological and physical well-being. A selection of several scientific articles and a critical analysis of the selected articles was carried out from the perspective of defining the concept of "emerging occupational risks in green jobs," using different keywords in the title or abstract as search criteria. Emerging occupational risks, most prevalent in the green sector are those determined by the rapid introduction of new technologies, new materials, new processes and work organizations. In order to be able to improve prevention and protection at work, it is necessary to act on a more careful and adequate risk assessment, the definition of new professional figures expert in green issues, the expansion of research and development of scientific knowledge, and the improvement of ergonomic aspects. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2024;37(3).

Occupational risks associated with chronic kidney disease of non-traditional origin (CKDnt) in Brazil: it is time to dig deeper into a neglected problem / Riscos ocupacionais associados à doença renal crônica de origem não tradicional (DRCnt) no Brasil: é hora de nos aprofundarmos em um problema negligenciado

Abstract In the past decades, an epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been associated with environmental and occupational factors (heat stress from high workloads in hot temperatures and exposure to chemicals, such as pesticides and metals), which has been termed CKD of non-traditional origin (CKDnt). This descriptive review aims to present recent evidence about heat stress, pesticides, and metals as possible causes of CKDnt and provide an overview of the related Brazilian regulation, enforcement, and health surveillance strategies. Brazilian workers are commonly exposed to extreme heat conditions and other CKDnt risk factors, including increasing exposure to pesticides and metals. Furthermore, there is a lack of adequate regulation (and enforcement), public policies, and strategies to protect the kidney health of workers, considering the main risk factors. CKDnt is likely to be a significant cause of CKD in Brazil, since CKD's etiology is unknown in many patients and several conditions for its development are present in the country. Further epidemiological studies may be conducted to explore causal associations and estimate the impact of heat, pesticides, and metals on CKDnt in Brazil. Moreover, public policies should prioritize reducing workers´ exposure and promoting their health and safety.

Resumo Nas últimas décadas, uma epidemia de doença renal crônica (DRC) tem sido associada a fatores ambientais e ocupacionais (estresse térmico decorrente de cargas de trabalho elevadas em altas temperaturas e exposição a produtos químicos, como agrotóxicos e metais), denominada DRC de origem não tradicional (DRCnt). Esta revisão descritiva tem como objetivo apresentar evidências recentes sobre estresse térmico, agrotóxicos e metais como possíveis causas de DRCnt e fornecer uma visão geral das estratégias brasileiras de regulamentação, fiscalização e vigilância sanitária relacionadas. Os trabalhadores brasileiros são comumente expostos a condições extremas de calor e outros fatores de risco de DRCnt, incluindo o aumento da exposição a agrotóxicos e metais. Além disso, há uma falta de regulamentação e fiscalização, políticas públicas e estratégias adequadas para proteger a saúde renal dos trabalhadores em relação aos principais fatores de risco. É provável que a DRCnt seja uma causa significativa de DRC no Brasil, uma vez que a etiologia da doença é desconhecida em muitos pacientes e diversas condições para seu desenvolvimento estão presentes no país. Estudos epidemiológicos devem ser realizados para explorar associações causais e estimar o impacto do calor, dos agrotóxicos e dos metais na DRCnt no Brasil. Além disso, as políticas públicas devem priorizar a redução da exposição dos trabalhadores e a promoção de sua saúde e segurança.

Professional profile in veterinary oncology: A Brazilian nationwide survey.

INTRODUCTION: Veterinary oncology is constituted mainly by human-use drugs with hazardous agents. Occupational risks are present in all stages of handling. Many studies highlighted that veterinarians and pharmacists staff present a lack of knowledge and insufficient structure for promoting safety practices. This study investigated the professional profile and structure of veterinary antineoplastic chemotherapy in Brazilian services. METHODS: A nationwide survey was carried out through digital platforms by a self-applicable from 2020 to 2021. The characteristics of the structure, facilities, professional profiles, practices related to antineoplastic chemotherapy services, and inspections provided by regulatory companies were investigated. Frequency and ranges were used to examine and describe data. RESULTS: This study analyzed 108 respondents from all Brazilian regions where 36 participants worked in veterinary oncology. Dogs and cats comprised more than 90% of animals assisted. Vincristine, doxorubicin, carboplatin, vinblastine, and cyclophosphamide were the most commonly used drugs. Considering pharmacists-led (n = 4) vs veterinarians-led (n = 18) services, structure with safety for handling hazardous drugs (4 vs 9), correct PPE usage (3 vs 0), and occurrence of occupational accident (0 vs 5) were registered. Almost 60% were dissatisfied with the structure and the managerial unwillingness to promote facility improvements. The majority of participants reported an absence of service inspection. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated worrying concerning the inadequacy of the physical structure of the facilities, human resources, and handling hazardous drugs increased occupational health risk. The lack of competent authority standards and supervision corroborates practices that expose professionals, the population, and the environment to hazardous agents.

Exploring veterinary students' awareness and perception of zoonoses risks, infection control practices, and biosecurity measures in Ethiopia.

Universities and colleges are often regarded as playing a key role in educating veterinarians and animal health workers who advise farmers on herd health and animal husbandry. However, to date, studies examining veterinary students' knowledge of zoonotic diseases of public health importance and the source of this knowledge, as well as their preparedness to respond to these diseases, have focused on the Global North rather than the Global South. This study takes Ethiopia as a case study in exploring veterinary medicine students' knowledge of zoonosis risks, infection control practices and biosecurity measures, recognizing that it is imperative to reconcile national-level veterinary education curricula with emerging global trends, such as One Health-focused training. This training advocates for a collaborative, interdisciplinary response at local, national, and international levels to the adverse impact of zoonotic diseases on animal health and productivity, and human and environmental health. Data for this study were collected through a pre-tested online questionnaire administered to 154 veterinary students from several universities in Ethiopia. The findings of this study suggest veterinary students were aware of the public health risks posed by zoonoses and the important role that collaboration between the disciplines of human and animal health can play in addressing zoonoses and emerging health risks. However, students demonstrated poor knowledge of the need to adopt infection control measures (ICPs) and biosecurity measures to reduce occupational risks and prevent within and between herd transmission of infection. Moreover, students' vaccination rates against zoonotic diseases associated with occupational risks, such as rabies, were low. The results of this study suggest that there are currently gaps in Ethiopia's veterinary curriculum and that enhancing veterinary students' access to information regarding infection control practices and biosecurity measures could contribute to reducing their future occupational exposure to zoonoses. This study highlights the policy implications of the current veterinary medicine curriculum in Ethiopia and the scope for aligning the curriculum with important global initiatives, such as One Health-focused training.

The burden of lung cancer and mortality attributable to occupational risk factors between 1990 and 2019 in Brazil and federative units.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyse the attributable risk of mortality and DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years) due to occupational carcinogens for lung cancer between 1990 and 2019 in Brazil and federation units, as well as its relationship with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). STUDY DESIGN: Epidemiological study. METHODS: This is an epidemiological study that used GBD 2019 (Global Burden of Disease Study) estimates of lung cancer mortality rates and DALYs attributable to occupational carcinogens. The relationship between these rates and SDI was assessed using panel data analysis. RESULTS: In Brazil, occupational exposure to asbestos, silica and diesel vapours accounted for more than 85.00% of lung cancer deaths and DALYs attributable to occupational carcinogens in both sexes between 1990 and 2019. An increase in both rates was observed in women for almost all the occupational carcinogens assessed, especially in the North and Northeast regions of the country, with diesel vapours standing out the most. CONCLUSIONS: The present study highlighted the urge to characterise exposure to occupational risks for lung cancer, especially for the female population in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil.

Risk Factors Associated with Urothelial Bladder Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC) is the most frequent histologic form of bladder cancer, constituting 90% of the cases. It is important to know the risk factors of UBC to avoid them and to decrease its recurrence after treatment. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the risk factors associated with UBC incidence. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search from 2012 to 2024 was carried out in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline with potential keywords such as "bladder cancer", "urothelial bladder cancer", "incidence of urothelial bladder cancer worldwide", "mortality rate of bladder cancer", "incidence according to gender", "treatment for bladder cancer", and "risk factors of bladder cancer". Smoking tobacco was comprehended to be the major risk factor for UBC. Smoke from tobacco products contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aromatic amines such as 4-aminobiphenyl, which are known to cause UBC. Smoking-related bladder cancer mortality ranks just second to smoking-related lung cancer mortality. For non-smokers, pollution became a major risk factor associated with UBC. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are linked to many cancers, especially to UBC. Indoor and outdoor pollution generates VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and PAHs. Small-particle matter < 2.5 is linked to UBC and lung cancers. Drinking chlorinated water is linked to UBC. Also, swimming in chlorinated pools that produce trihalomethanes increases the risk of many cancers, and especially of bladder cancer. Occupational exposure to carcinogens, specifically aromatic amines, is a significant UBC risk factor. It has been estimated that approximately 20% of all UBCs may be linked to this type of exposure, primarily in industrial settings that treat dye, paint, petroleum chemicals, and metal. The other risk factors included genetics, diet, and medical conditions. Alcohol, consumption of processed meat and whole milk, and higher intakes of selenium and vitamins A and E also contribute to the development of UBC. Further, chemotherapeutic agents, oral hypoglycemic drugs, and radiation therapy are positively associated with UBC. CONCLUSIONS: The significance of the initial prevention of UBC must be emphasized, and especially programs for quitting cigarettes should be encouraged and supported. However, smoking is not the only risk factor for UBC. For non-smokers, other risk factors should be investigated. Air and water pollution are linked to UBC. Indoor and outdoor pollution should be more controlled. Patients and people should be informed of the risk of drinking chlorinated water and swimming in chlorinated pools.

Dry eye disease as an occupational risk factor in operating room nurses.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Knowing occupational risks in a multifactorial disease such as dry eye disease is important for disease diagnosis and treatment. BACKGROUND: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterised by tear film instability, adversely affecting visual function and quality of life. The operating room environment has many risk factors for DED such as air conditioning, constant humidity, constant room temperature, intense lighting, surgical smoke, anaesthetic gases and irritating chemicals, and prolonged mask use. This study investigates the ocular surface findings and blink patterns of operating room nurses at risk of DED. METHODS: A total of 68 nurses (operating room, n = 34; outpatient clinic, n = 34) were included in this study. The diagnosis of DED was assessed using a questionnaire, best-corrected visual acuity, tear break-up time, corneal fluorescein staining, meibomian gland assessment, Schirmer I test. All the tests were conducted in the same area. RESULTS: According to the ocular surface disease index, the rate of dry eye symptoms was significantly higher among operating room nurses than among outpatient nurses (70.5% vs 41.1%). Severe dry eye symptoms were more common in the operating room group. The meibomian gland score was higher in the operating room group (29.4% vs 5.9%). The numbers of blinks (30.91 ± 12.81 vs 21.05 ± 7.77) and incomplete blinks (8.76 ± 4.68 vs 5.76 ± 3.20) at rest were higher in operating room nurses. CONCLUSION: The occupational risk for DED was high among operating room staff. National and international standards for the prevention and management of DED in personnel involved in health care services are needed.

Sneddon's Syndrome and the Capability to Work: With Regard to a Clinical Case.

Sneddon's syndrome is a rare condition characterized by the presence of neurocutaneous lesions, including reticular livedo and an increase in thrombotic risk, and it is associated with a greater risk of cerebrovascular disease. It is diagnosed through a skin biopsy and neurological manifestations. In this study, we present a clinical report of a 39-year-old nurse exposed to shift and night work in an intensive care unit. She was diagnosed with Sneddon's syndrome, whose workplace had to be readapted, considering the complications and restrictions of her condition and aiming her protection and healthcare promotion. Night work can exacerbate cerebral and cardiovascular events due to its impact on metabolism, blood pressure profile, and hormone concentrations. Therefore, given a syndrome characterized by an increased thrombotic risk associated with cerebrovascular events, the restriction of night work is imperative. The occupational physician is responsible for intervening in the workplace and preventing long-term consequences for employees.

Quality of work life for health professions in Colombia's adult critical care: An integrative analysis.

BACKGROUND: Health professionals in Colombian and many parts of the world, in some cases, work in precarious conditions and intend to migrate to other countries in search of better living conditions for themselves and their families, which results in inadequate distribution worldwide and in the quality of care throughout the health system, which can ultimately influence the quality of life of patients in their health-disease processes. PURPOSE: Describe in depth what quality of life at work is like for the health workforce in adult critical care (ACC). METHODS: This is an investigation of convergent parallel mixed methods approach that are integrated by means of a matrix in terms of convergence, divergence, and complementarity. Two methods are used: a transversal analytical method in which three instruments were applied to 209 participants to study the relationship between Quality of Life at Work, exposure to psychosocial risks, compassion fatigue and the intention to rotate; other than from the experiences narrated by 10 Human Talent in Health explore organizational practices in critical care. RESULTS: The dimension of quality of work life with the greatest dissatisfied was the management of free time (77%), the most compromised psychosocial risk was the pace of work (84%). They have high compassion satisfaction (67%) and there is an intention to migrate to another country (66%). The narrative results in discrimination/harassment as normalized practices and faceless spirituality. The integration of mixed methods shows convergence between the use of the instrument that measures quality of life at work and the narratives of the participants, complementarity with the other instruments, and divergence regarding the intention to rotate to another health institution. CONCLUSION: The positive trend that converges with the two approaches is that of safety at work and well-being achieved through work, embodied in the constant updating of technology and care protocols, experience time, balance between salary and work effort, staffing and supplies, and disconnection with work.

[Men working through mobile applications in Brazil: Reflections from occupational health]. / Hombres que trabajan a través de aplicaciones móviles en Brasil: reflexiones desde la salud ocupacional.

Work through mobile applications emerged as an alternative for many Brazilian men during the economic crisis and rising unemployment. However, these workers operate informally, without a formal employment relationship, leading to labor precariousness and a lack of workers' rights. Using a theoretical-reflexive, this study analyzes the intersection between occupational health, the platformization of work, and the specific challenges faced by male delivery app workers, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reflective categories are divided into two thematic sections: "Labor insertion through mobile applications in Brazil and the algorithmic work model" and "men, health, and motorcycles: occupational health and male behavior in app-based delivery work." The study examines the expansion of this type of work in the Brazilian socio-economic context, the lack of security and labor protection for these workers, as well as the risks faced, particularly during the pandemic, within a male-centric culture.

El trabajo a través de aplicaciones móviles surgió como una alternativa para muchos hombres brasileños durante la crisis económica y el aumento del desempleo. Sin embargo, estos trabajadores operan de manera informal, sin relación laboral, lo que genera precariedad laboral y falta de derechos laborales. Desde un abordaje teórico-reflexivo, este artículo analiza la intersección entre la salud ocupacional, la plataformización del trabajo y los desafíos específicos que enfrentan los hombres repartidores de aplicaciones, especialmente durante la pandemia de covid-19. Las categorías reflexivas se dividieron en dos secciones temáticas: "La inserción laboral a través de aplicaciones móviles en Brasil y el modelo de trabajo mediante algoritmos" y "hombres, salud y motocicletas: la salud ocupacional y el comportamiento masculino en el trabajo a través de aplicaciones de entrega". Se examina la expansión de este tipo de trabajo en el contexto socioeconómico brasileño, la falta de seguridad y protección laboral para estos trabajadores, así como los riesgos enfrentados, especialmente durante la pandemia, en el marco de una cultura masculina.

Occupational health nursing: Realities and challenges.

BACKGROUND: Designing and enhancing resilient occupational health and safety systems is a challenge. This fact makes it clear that occupational health professionals must be able to develop their full range of competencies. From this premise, it is appropriate to define and deepen the strengths and weaknesses of occupational health nursing (OHN), as well as to point out the opportunities and realities that address its performance. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE: In the history of the professionalization of this speciality, different circumstances have conditioned its projection: the absence of its own body of doctrine, the lack of professional recognition, limited autonomy, and the definition of a clear regulatory framework. In addition to an epistemological limitation and the absence of clear leadership. DISCUSSION: In the consolidation of this speciality, there is a limited capacity to implement its own competencies, the invisibility of nursing care, the absence of leadership that incorporates research findings and difficulties in the application of scientific evidence, in addition to the influence of regulatory provisions and the idiosyncrasies of the company. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: The analysis of classical models with a transformative approach invites a more fluid and coordinated communication between occupational health, occupational risk prevention, primary care and public health, a proposal that induces collaboration and a more holistic approach to care for workers.

Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of occupational risks and diseases among healthcare providers of the Regional Hospital Center of Dosso, Niger.

Background: In Niger, a low-income country, occupational medicine is little known and practiced, particularly in the health sector, where healthcare workers are exposed to numerous occupational risks. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices about occupational risks and diseases among healthcare providers working at the Hospital of Dosso (Niger) to determine their knowledge, attitudes, and practices level about occupational risks and diseases. Methods: A descriptive and quantitative census-based study was conducted among the 105 healthcare providers practicing at the hospital of Dosso between 1 April and 31 May 2023, using a self-administered questionnaire in the French language comprising a sociodemographic part and a knowledge, attitudes, and practices part about occupational risks and diseases. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices scores were calculated and Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to assess their association with sociodemographic characteristics. Results: In total, 83 healthcare providers agreed to participate in the study, with a participation rate of 79%. A total of 28% of participants had received training on occupational risks and diseases. The knowledge score about occupational risks and diseases showed that 55.4% of participants had a knowledge level varying from medium to high. The score of attitudes and practices showed that 68.7% of responders had an attitudes and practices level varying from medium to high about occupational risks and diseases. According to the composite score of knowledge, attitudes, and practices, 53% of participants had a knowledge, attitudes, and practices level between medium and high. A significant association was found between the composite score of knowledge, attitudes, and practices and the workstation occupied, mainly medical imaging service (p = 0.006). Conclusion: The study showed that 53% of responders had an overall level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices about occupational risks and diseases between medium and high. Among their sociodemographic characteristics, only the workstation occupied (mainly medical imaging service) was statistically associated with the composite score of knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Considering these findings, the administrators of the Hospital of Dosso must recruit an occupational medicine specialist to provide information and prevention visits on occupational risks and diseases to healthcare providers working in this institution.

Factores psicosociales laborales y sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva en cuidados intensivos de un hospital público de Nuevo Chimbote / Psychosocial work factors and anxiety and depression symptoms in the intensive care unit of a public hospital in Nuevo Chimbote

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre factores psicosociales laborales y la presencia de sintomatología de ansiedad o depresión en el personal de salud de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) del Hospital Regional Eleazar Guzmán Barrón de Nuevo Chimbote. Materiales y métodos: El método fue cuantitativo, observacional, no experimental, de corte transversal y descriptivo-correlacional. La población estuvo conformada por los 70 trabajadores de la UCI del hospital; la muestra fue censal. La técnica empleada fue la aplicación de la encuesta. Los instrumentos fueron el Cuestionario de factores psicosociales en el trabajo aplicados a trabajadores peruanos, validado con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,9; la escala de ansiedad de Lima (EAL-20), validada con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,89, y la escala de psicopatología depresiva (EPD-6), validada con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,7359. Para la recopilación, procesamiento y análisis de datos se utilizó el programa SPSS, versión 26, y se aplicó estadística descriptiva, mientras que para la asociación de variables se empleó la prueba ji al cuadrado. Resultados: El factor psicosocial laboral más bajo fue el papel laboral y desarrollo de la carrera (57,10 %), donde el personal de enfermería fue el más afectado (27,10 %). El factor psicosocial laboral más alto fue la remuneración del rendimiento (40,00 %), donde el personal técnico de enfermería fue el más afectado (30,00 %). Conclusiones: Las condiciones laborales, la carga de trabajo, las exigencias laborales, el contenido y las características de la tarea fueron las dimensiones laborales que se asociaron a la aparición de la sintomatología de ansiedad; asimismo, el contenido y las características de la tarea, las exigencias y el papel laboral y desarrollo de la tarea fueron las dimensiones que se asociaron a la aparición de síntomas de depresión.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the association between psychosocial work factors and anxiety or depression symptoms among health workers of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Hospital Regional Eleazar Guzmán Barrón in Nuevo Chimbote. Materials and methods: The study used a quantitative, observational, non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptivecorrelational research design. The population consisted of 70 workers of the hospital's ICU. A census sampling and survey technique were employed. The instruments were the following: Questionnaire on Psychosocial Work Factors Administered to Peruvian Workers, validated with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.9; Lima Anxiety Scale (EAL-20), validated with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89; and Psychopathology Scale for Depressive Disorders (EPD-6), validated with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.7359. By applying descriptive statistics, IBM SPSS Statistics V26 was used for data collection, processing and analysis, and the chi-square test for the association of variables. Results: The lowest psychosocial work factor was work role and career development (57.10 %), with the nursing staff being the most affected one (27.10 %). The highest psychosocial work factor was performance-based remuneration (40.00 %), with the technical nursing staff being the most affected one (30.00 %). Conclusions: Working conditions, workload, work demands and content and characteristics of the task were the work dimensions associated with the occurrence of anxiety symptoms; likewise, content and characteristics of the task, work demands, and work role and career development were the dimensions associated with the occurrence of depression symptoms.

Hombres que trabajan a través de aplicaciones móviles en Brasil: reflexiones desde la salud ocupacional / Men working through mobile applications in Brazil: Reflections from occupational health

RESUMEN El trabajo a través de aplicaciones móviles surgió como una alternativa para muchos hombres brasileños durante la crisis económica y el aumento del desempleo. Sin embargo, estos trabajadores operan de manera informal, sin relación laboral, lo que genera precariedad laboral y falta de derechos laborales. Desde un abordaje teórico-reflexivo, este artículo analiza la intersección entre la salud ocupacional, la plataformización del trabajo y los desafíos específicos que enfrentan los hombres repartidores de aplicaciones, especialmente durante la pandemia de covid-19. Las categorías reflexivas se dividieron en dos secciones temáticas: "La inserción laboral a través de aplicaciones móviles en Brasil y el modelo de trabajo mediante algoritmos" y "hombres, salud y motocicletas: la salud ocupacional y el comportamiento masculino en el trabajo a través de aplicaciones de entrega". Se examina la expansión de este tipo de trabajo en el contexto socioeconómico brasileño, la falta de seguridad y protección laboral para estos trabajadores, así como los riesgos enfrentados, especialmente durante la pandemia, en el marco de una cultura masculina.

ABSTRACT Work through mobile applications emerged as an alternative for many Brazilian men during the economic crisis and rising unemployment. However, these workers operate informally, without a formal employment relationship, leading to labor precariousness and a lack of workers' rights. Using a theoretical-reflexive, this study analyzes the intersection between occupational health, the platformization of work, and the specific challenges faced by male delivery app workers, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reflective categories are divided into two thematic sections: "Labor insertion through mobile applications in Brazil and the algorithmic work model" and "men, health, and motorcycles: occupational health and male behavior in app-based delivery work." The study examines the expansion of this type of work in the Brazilian socio-economic context, the lack of security and labor protection for these workers, as well as the risks faced, particularly during the pandemic, within a male-centric culture.

Common mental disorders and risk perception in nursing work at covid-19 hospital units / Trastornos mentales comunes y percepción del riesgo en el trabajo de enfermería en unidades hospitalarias exclusivas para covid-19 / Transtornos mentais comuns e percepção de risco no trabalho de enfermagem em unidades hospitalares covid-19

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the associations between suspected Common Mental Disorders and risk perception in Nursing work at Covid-19 hospital units and to understand the elements intertwined in these relationships, from the workers' perspective. Method: a parallel-convergent mixed-methods study, carried out with 327 Nursing workers from Covid-19 units in seven hospitals from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The quantitative data were collected through a sociodemographic, work-related and risk perception questionnaire, added to the Self-Reporting Questionnaire and subjected to inferential statistical analysis. The qualitative data were produced through semi-structured interviews and treated in the light of thematic content analysis. Results: in all, 76.4% of the participants reported that their performance during the Covid-19 pandemic considerably or greatly increased the risks in their job. Regarding the risk exposure intensity, the workers consider themselves very exposed to the following risks: Covid-19 infection (51.4%); contaminating their family (45.9%); a family member developing a severe form of Covid-19 (46.5%); suffering psychological harms (47.7%); experiencing sleep (45.9%) or dietary pattern (40.7%) disorders; and isolating themselves from friends and family (48%). All of these variables were associated with suspected Common Mental Disorders. Qualitatively, it was evident that fear was the feeling signaling the intersection between risk perception and mental illness. Conclusion: suspected Common Mental Disorders were associated with the perception of multiple risks, with fear as the main element intertwined in this relationship.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las asociaciones entre sospecha de Trastornos Mentales Comunes y percepción del riesgo en el trabajo de Enfermería en unidades hospitalarias exclusivas para COVID-19 y conocer los elementos entrelazados en estas relaciones, desde la perspectiva de los trabajadores. Método: estudio de métodos mixtos paralelo-convergente, realizado con 327 trabajadores da Enfermería de unidades exclusivas para COVID-19 de siete hospitales del estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Los datos cuantitativos se recolectaron por medio de un cuestionario sociodemográfico, laboral y de percepción de riesgos, además de utilizarse el Self-Reporting Questionnaire, y se los sometió a análisis estadístico inferencial. Los datos cualitativos se produjeron por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas y se los procesó sobre la base de análisis temático de contenido. Resultados: el 76,4% indicó que desempeñarse en la atención a pacientes con Covid-19 aumentó considerablemente o en demasía los riesgos en el trabajo. Con respecto a la intensidad de exposición a los riesgos, los trabajadores consideran estar muy expuestos a los siguientes riesgos: infección por Covid-19 (51,4%); contaminar a su familia (45,9%); que algún familiar desarrolle la forma grave da Covid-19 (46,5%); padecer perjuicios psicológicos (47,7%); sufrir alteraciones en el sueño (45,9) o en los hábitos alimenticios (40,7); u aislarse de familiares y amigos (48%). Todas estas variables demostraron estar asociadas a la sospecha de Trastornos Mentales Comunes. Cualitativamente, se evidenció que el sentimiento que señalizó la intersección entre percepción de riesgo y padecimiento mental fue el miedo. Conclusión: la sospecha de Trastornos Mentales Comunes se asoció a la percepción de múltiples riesgos, donde el miedo fue el principal elemento entrelazado en esa relación.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as associações entre a suspeita de Transtornos Mentais Comuns e a percepção de risco no trabalho da enfermagem em unidades hospitalares Covid-19 e conhecer os elementos imbricados nestas relações, na perspectiva dos trabalhadores. Método: estudo de métodos mistos paralelo-convergente, realizado com 327 trabalhadores da enfermagem de unidades Covid-19 de sete hospitais do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados quantitativos foram coletados por meio de um questionário sociodemográfico, laboral e de percepção de riscos, somado ao Self-Reporting Questionnaire e submetidos a analise estatística inferencial. Os dados qualitativos foram produzidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e tratados à luz da análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: 76,4% referiram que a atuação na Covid-19 aumentou consideravelmente ou muito os riscos no seu trabalho. No que tange à intensidade de exposição dos riscos, trabalhadores se consideram muito expostos ao risco de infecção por Covid-19 (51,4%); risco de levar a contaminação para sua família (45,9%); risco de que alguém da família desenvolva a forma grave da Covid-19 (46,5%); risco de sofrer danos psicológicos (47,7%); risco de sofrer alterações do sono (45,9); do padrão alimentar (40,7); e de se isolar de amigos e familiares (48%). Todas estas variáveis se mostraram associadas a suspeita de Transtornos Mentais Comuns. Qualitativamente, evidenciou-se que o medo era o sentimento balizador da intersecção entre a percepção de risco e o adoecimento mental. Conclusão: a suspeita de Transtornos Mentais Comuns associou-se à percepção de múltiplos riscos, sendo que o medo foi o principal elemento imbricado nessa relação.

Mortalidade e carga do câncer de laringe atribuíveis aos riscos ocupacionais no Brasil: estudo da Carga Global de Doença, 2019 / Laryngeal cancer mortality and burden attributable to occupational risks in Brazil: 2019 Global Burden of Disease

Resumo Objetivo: descrever a mortalidade e os anos de vida ajustados pela incapacidade disability-adjusted life years - DALYs) para câncer de laringe no Brasil atribuíveis a fatores de risco ocupacionais e comportamentais. Métodos: estudo ecológico com dados do estudo Global Burden of Disease 2019. Foram obtidas taxas de mortalidade e de DALYs para o câncer de laringe atribuíveis aos riscos ocupacionais (ácido sulfúrico e amianto) e comportamentais (tabaco e álcool), de 1990 e 2019. Resultados: no Brasil, em 2019, a taxa de mortalidade por câncer de laringe atribuível aos riscos ocupacionais (ácido sulfúrico e amianto) foi 0,28 (II95%: 0,17;0,43) no sexo masculino e 0,03 (II95%: 0,02;0,04) no feminino, e a de DALYs foi 7,33 (II95%: 4,28;11,44) e 0,64 (II95%: 0,35;0,03), respectivamente. O ácido sulfúrico foi o principal risco ocupacional para a doença. Houve redução das taxas atribuíveis ao tabaco (mortalidade:-45,83%; DALYs:-47,36%) e aos riscos ocupacionais (mortalidade:-23,20%; DALYs:-26,31%), no Brasil, com aumento em alguns estados das regiões Norte e Nordeste. Conclusão: houve redução na mortalidade e na carga do câncer de laringe atribuível aos fatores ocupacionais no período, porém menor em comparação ao tabagismo, reforçando a importância de ações para reduzir o impacto dos riscos ocupacionais, como as medidas regulatórias aplicadas ao tabaco.

Abstract Objective: to describe mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to laryngeal cancer attributable to occupational and behavioral risk factors in Brazil. Methods: this is an ecological study with data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease. Mortality and DALY rates for laryngeal cancer attributable to occupational (sulfuric acid and asbestos) and behavioral (tobacco and alcohol) risks were obtained from 1990 and 2019. Results: in 2019, the mortality rate from laryngeal cancer attributable to occupational hazards (sulfuric acid and asbestos) totaled 0.28 (95%UI: 0.17; 0.43) and 0.03 (95%UI: 0.02; 0.04), whereas and DALY rates, 7.33 (95%UI: 4.28; 11.44) and 0.64 (95%UI: 0.35; 0.03) in men and women in Brazil, respectively. Sulfuric acid configured the main occupational risk for the disease. The rates attributable to tobacco (mortality: −45.83%; DALYs: −47.36%) and occupational hazards (mortality: −23.20%; DALYs: −26.31%) decreased in Brazil but increased in some Northern and Northeastern states. Conclusion: laryngeal cancer mortality and burden attributable to occupational factors decreased in the period (although less than that for smoking), reinforcing the importance of actions to reduce the impact of occupational risks, such as the regulatory measures applied to tobacco.

Sarcoidosis ocupacional o ambiental: diagnóstico enigmático con muchos progenitores para un mismo síndrome / Occupational or environmental sarcoidosis: enigmatic diagnosis with many parents to the same syndrome

RESUMEN Es conocida desde hace más de veinte años, la posibilidad de que fármacos o anti cuerpos monoclonales utilizados en el tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades pueden ocasionar la aparición de un síndrome símil sarcoidosis. Ciertas líneas de evidencia han sugerido que determinados lugares de trabajo están asociados con el riesgo de sarcoidosis En sarcoidosis, diferentes exposiciones pueden estar relacionadas con otros compromi sos viscerales. La afección presenta más de una causa y provocar fenómenos disímiles de la enfermedad o fenotipo. De las enfermedades ocupacionales de pulmón, la que más se asemeja es la beriliosis. Cuando la causa es de origen laboral, su reconocimiento es primordial para admitir un tratamiento eficaz mediante el retiro del trabajador afectado de la exposición y para establecer una intervención dirigida a la prevención primaria mediante las secciones especializadas en seguridad e higiene industrial. Por lo tanto, y por lo expuesto, debe considerarse que la sarcoidosis es un síndrome con cuantiosos factores etiológicos probables, a lo que hay que asociar tanto el fenotipo como la sensibilidad individual ante una noxa determinada. Esto hace que, en forma periódica, se publiquen casos en los que la clínica y el cuadro histológico de granuloma epitelioide no caseoso hallado en biopsias, se vincule a un determinado riesgo ambiental y/o laboral.

SUMMARY It has been known for more than 20 years, the possibility that drugs or monoclonal anti bodies used in the treatment of different diseases can cause a Sarcoidosis-like syndrome. Certain lines of evidence have suggested that certain workplaces are associated with the risk of Sarcoidosis. In Sarcoidosis, different exposures may be related to visceral involvement. The condition has more than one cause and brings about dissimilar pheno mena of the disease or phenotype. Of the occupational lung diseases, the one that most closely resembles it, is Berylliosis. When the cause is of occupational origin, its recognition is essential to allow effective treatment by removing the affected worker from exposure and to establish an intervention aimed at primary prevention through sections specialized in industrial hygiene and security. Therefore, it must be considered that Sarcoidosis is a syndrome with nume rous probable etiological factors, to which both the phenotype and individual susceptibility to a given toxic effect must be associated. Due to what has been stated, this means that cases are periodically publis hed in which the clinical and histological features of non-caseous epithelioid granuloma found in biopsies are linked to a certain environmental and/or occupational risk.

Factors underlying the high occupational risk of healthcare personnel for COVID-19 infection

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the rate of COVID-19 infection among healthcare personnel at high and low risk of COVID-19 infection and identify the underlying risk factors. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 1, 2020 and February 28, 2021. Associations were verified between the levels of risk (high or low) of occupational COVID-19 infection and participant characteristics using the World Health Organization risk assessment questionnaire and adjusted using logistic regression models in single and multiple approaches. Results Of the 486 participants, 57.4% were classified as having a high occupational risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a diagnosis rate of 12.1%. The factors identified in the multivariate analysis for high occupational risk were age up to 29 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 1.63-4.47), monthly family income greater than eight times the basic salary (OR= 1.8, 95%CI= 1.07-3.16), and healthcare personnel who did not participate in initial training to work in the area of patients with COVID-19 infection (OR= 2.39, 95%CI= 1.53-3.75). Conclusion Encouraging training for occupational infection prevention is very important to reduce the impact of infectious diseases on healthcare personnel, especially young health professionals.

Ergonomic risks and musculoskeletal pain in hospital cleaning workers: Convergent Care Research with mixed methods / Riesgos ergonómicos y dolor musculoesquelético en trabajadores de limpieza hospitalaria: Investigación Convergente Asistencial con métodos mixtos / Riscos ergonômicos e dor musculoesquelética em trabalhadores de limpeza hospitalar: Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial com métodos mistos

Objective: to analyze exposure to ergonomic risks and the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain in workers in the Hospital Cleaning Service. Method: Convergent Care Research, with data production designed using mixed methods, implemented with 149 hospital cleaning workers. The methodological strategy of the convergent parallel project was employed, using observation, photographic records, questionnaires and convergence groups. The results were integrated through joint display. Data analysis with descriptive and inferential statistics and content analysis. Results: the mixing of data highlighted the multifactorial nature of exposure to ergonomic risks (uncomfortable work postures; repetitive movements; prolonged orthostatism; use of equipment not adapted to the psychophysiological needs of workers) and musculoskeletal pain in the population investigated. The latter was prevalent in the lumbar spine, ankles or feet, wrists or hands, thoracic spine and shoulders. The concept of ergonomic risk was expanded and was influenced by the psychosocial aspects of work. Conclusion: the workers investigated are exposed to modifiable multifactorial ergonomic risks related to musculoskeletal pain. It is possible to promote innovations and teaching-learning actions to minimize them, such as the continuing education program, collectively constructed with recommendations for improvements.

Objetivo: analizar la exposición a riesgos ergonómicos y la ocurrencia de dolor musculoesquelético en trabajadores del Servicio de Limpieza Hospitalaria. Método: investigación Convergente Asistencial, con producción de datos diseñada mediante métodos mixtos, realizada con 149 trabajadores de limpieza hospitalaria. Se utilizó la estrategia metodológica del proyecto paralelo convergente, basada en observación, registros fotográficos, cuestionarios y grupos de convergencia. Los resultados se integraron mediante joint display . Análisis de datos con estadística descriptiva e inferencial y análisis de contenido. Resultados: la combinación de datos puso de relieve la naturaleza multifactorial de la exposición a riesgos ergonómicos (posturas de trabajo incómodas; movimientos repetitivos; ortostatismo prolongado; uso de equipos no adaptados a las necesidades psicofisiológicas de los trabajadores) y al dolor musculoesquelético en la población investigada. Este último prevalecía en la columna lumbar, tobillos o pies, puños o manos, columna torácica y hombros. El concepto de riesgo ergonómico se amplió y estuvo influenciado por los aspectos psicosociales del trabajo. Conclusión: los trabajadores investigados están expuestos a riesgos ergonómicos multifactoriales modificables relacionados con el dolor musculoesquelético. Es posible promover innovaciones y acciones de enseñanza-aprendizaje para minimizarlos, como el programa de educación continua, construido colectivamente con recomendaciones de mejora.

Objetivo: analisar a exposição aos riscos ergonômicos e a ocorrência de dor musculoesquelética em trabalhadores do Serviço Hospitalar de Limpeza. Método: pesquisa Convergente Assistencial, sendo a produção de dados delineada com métodos mistos, realizada com 149 trabalhadores de limpeza hospitalar. Utilizou-se a estratégia metodológica do projeto paralelo convergente, baseada em observação, registros fotográficos, questionários e grupos de convergência. Os resultados foram integrados por meio de joint display . Análise de dados com estatística descritiva e inferencial e análise de conteúdo. Resultados: a mixagem dos dados evidenciou o caráter multifatorial da exposição aos riscos ergonômicos (posturas de trabalho desconfortáveis; movimentos repetitivos; ortostatismo prolongado; utilização de equipamentos não adaptados às necessidades psicofisiológicas dos trabalhadores) e à dor musculoesquelética na população investigada. Esta última foi prevalente na coluna lombar, tornozelos ou pés, punhos ou mãos, coluna torácica e ombros. O conceito de risco ergonômico foi ampliado e sofreu influência dos aspectos psicossociais do trabalho. Conclusão: os trabalhadores investigados estão expostos aos riscos ergonômicos multifatoriais modificáveis relacionados à dor musculoesquelética. É possível promover inovações e ações de ensino-aprendizagem para minimizá-los, como o programa de educação continuada, construído coletivamente com recomendações de melhorias.

Long-term temporal analysis of fatal and severe occupational accidents in Central European forests of the Slovak Republic.

INTRODUCTION: Forestry is one of the most dangerous industries worldwide. Workers handle heavy loads and are exposed to numerous adverse factors of the work environment. This study was focused on analyzing severe and fatal occupational accidents over a long period. METHODS: Data were gathered from occupational safety and health databases of the State Forests of the Slovak Republic, which manages 879,113 ha of forests in Slovakia. Between 2007 and 2021, 210 severe and64 fatal accidents were recorded. The data analyses included contingency tables, Pearson χ2 test, and Cramer's V coefficient to analyze the relationships between studied variables. RESULTS: The mean annual number of fatalities was 14, occurring to workers aged 42 on average. Almost 80% of all fatal accidents were suffered by contractors of harvesting operations, who were 5.23 times more likely to suffer a fatality than company employees. On average, 1.28 severe and0.75 fatal accidents occurred per 1 million m3 of harvested timber. The outcomes of the correlation analysis showed a decreasing trend in incidence in the case of severe accidents. Workers ≤ 30 years or between 51 and 60 years of age were the most vulnerable in the case of fatal accidents. In the case of severe accidents, workers between 51 and 60 were the most vulnerable group. Most fatal accidents were suffered by tree fellers (72.2%) during felling (69.8%), who were in contact with falling trees and tree parts (93.7% share for this material agent). Conclusion and Practical Applications: The presented study identified the most vulnerable worker groups as well as the effects of factors on the occurrence of severe and fatal occupational accidents in forestry. The results will serve in development of occupational safety and health strategies in forest enterprises.