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1.
Natl Sci Rev ; 11(9): nwae212, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39144747

RESUMEN

This review discusses opportunities in chemistry that are enabled by the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. First, the review begins with a brief overview of the seminal studies on CISS. Next, we discuss different chiral material systems whose properties can be tailored through chemical means, with a special emphasis on hybrid organic-inorganic layered materials that exhibit some of the largest spin filtering properties to date. Then, we discuss the promise of CISS for chemical reactions and enantioseparation before concluding.

2.
ACS Nano ; 2024 Aug 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39146530

RESUMEN

Achieving selective sensing toward target volatile organic compound gases is of vital importance in the fields of air quality assessment, food freshness evaluation, and diagnosis of patients via exhaled breath. However, chemiresistive sensors that exhibit specificity like biological enzymes in a complex environment are rare. Herein, we developed a strategy of optimizing oxygen vacancy structures in tin oxides to induce specific catalysis, activating 100% selective sensing toward amine gases at room temperature. In situ technologies and theoretical calculations reveal that the "donor-receptor" coordination between nitrogen atoms from amine molecules and bridging oxygen vacancies (OVBri)-induced electron-deficient center is the essence of specific catalysis and provides the bridge from the surface oxidation reaction to electrophysical characteristics evolution, which allows the sensor to exhibit amine-specific sensing behavior, even in gas mixtures. Moreover, OVBri enhances the selectivity by enabling a room-temperature sensing pathway where lattice oxygens participate in catalytic oxidation for amine molecules, resulting in record-high sensing values: 19,938.92 toward 100 ppm of triethylamine, 15,236.78 toward trimethylamine, and 123.41 toward diethylamine. Our findings illustrate the feasibility of designing specific active sites through defect engineering and can contribute to the advancement of highly selective sensors based on catalytic processes.

3.
Front Chem ; 12: 1400886, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39176072

RESUMEN

Introduction: In clinical practice, phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are commonly used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, due to the high structural similarity between PDE5 and Phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6), there is a risk that existing drugs will cause off-target effects on PDE6 resulting in visual disorders such as low visual acuity and color blindness. Previous research on the selectivity of PDE5 inhibitors focused on marketed drugs such as sildenafil and tadalafil. Methods: In this study, a highly selective PDE5 inhibitor, ligand3, was used as the subject, and molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, MM-GBSA, alanine scanning, and independent gradient model analysis were employed to investigate the biological mechanism underlying the selectivity of PDE5 inhibitors. Results and Discussion: The present work revealed that the binding mode of ligand3 to the PDE5A and PDE6C targets was distinctly different. Ligand3 exhibited stronger coulombic forces when binding to PDE5A, while showing stronger van der waals forces when binding to PDE6C. Ligand3 binds more deeply at the active site of PDE5A than at PDE6C, allowing its side chains to effectively bind to the critical TYR612, whereas in the case of the shallow binding to PDE6C, ligand3 lacks a similar effect. Mechanism investigations of highly selective inhibitors through computational simulation might provide an insight into potent treatment of drugs.

4.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39177240

RESUMEN

Outdoor thermal irritation poses a serious threat to public health, with the frequent occurrence of increasingly intense heat waves. With the global goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, there is an urgent need for a strategy that is efficient and can provide localized outdoor cooling without an intensive energy input. This paper demonstrated a rapidly formable polyurethane-based coating with controlled bimodal spherical micropores. Nano-Al2O3 particles (300 nm) embedded in the polymer were used for targeted enhancement of reflectance at 0.38-0.5 wavelengths. The enhanced film reflected 93% solar irradiance and selectively transmitted 95% thermal radiation (8-13 µm), enabling rapid cooling and the creation of a comfortable thermal microclimate to avoid overheating of 6-11 °C during daytime conditions. The ultrawide material compatibility and excellent adaptive mechanical strength of polyurethane-based coatings are expected to benefit the sustainable development of society in a wide range of fields, from health to economics.

5.
Cureus ; 16(7): e64688, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39156467

RESUMEN

Background  The article delineates a strategy for detecting ascorbic acid (AA) through the use of iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles on an electrode. The Fe2O3 nanoparticles demonstrated effective electrocatalysis in the oxidation of AA, resulting in increased peak currents. The sensor showcased a wide linear detection range, a low detection limit, and high selectivity towards interferents, making it suitable for accurate AA measurement in food analysis and medical diagnostics applications. This emphasizes the potential of Fe2O3 nanoparticle-based sensors for precise AA detection. Aim The primary aim of this research is to develop an electrochemical sensing technique for the identification of ascorbic acid, with the use of Fe2O3 nanoparticles as the sensing matrix. Materials and methods The synthesis process involved the utilization of FeCl3.6H2O, ammonia solution, ethanol, and double-distilled water. FeCl3.6H2O was dissolved in ammonia water to produce a brown precipitate for the synthesis of Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Subsequently, the brown precipitate underwent hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C, resulting in the formation of a red product. Following centrifugation, washing, and drying steps, Fe2O3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized. These nanoparticles were then utilized to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Prior to the modification, the GCE underwent polishing and cleaning procedures, after which it was coated with a suspension containing 5 mg of Fe2O3 nanoparticles in 10 mL of ethanol. The coated electrode was dried and deemed ready for application in electrochemical sensing. Results The hydrothermal method was employed in this research to synthesize Fe2O3 nanoparticles, which were subsequently subjected to a series of experiments to evaluate their electrochemical sensing capabilities. The resulting Fe2O3 nanoparticles were determined to possess a high level of purity and a crystalline structure through various analyses, including field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), cyclic voltammetric testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy analysis, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and the current response of the Fe2O3-modified electrode towards ascorbic acid. The morphology of the Fe2O3 nanoparticles was observed to be uniform. The synthesized particles successfully fulfilled the study's objective by exhibiting remarkably sensitive and selective sensitivity towards ascorbic acid. Conclusion Our study underscores the potential of utilizing Fe2O3 nanoparticle-based electrochemical sensing to detect ascorbic acid, as evidenced by the notably high sensitivity of ascorbic acid towards Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The distinctive properties of Fe2O3 nanoparticles, which include their large surface area, efficient electron transport, and straightforward manufacturing process, significantly enhance the sensor's performance. Further research is crucial to exploring the wide-ranging applications of the sensor in fields such as food safety, environmental monitoring, and biological diagnostics and to overcome any existing limitations.

6.
J Struct Biol X ; 10: 100108, 2024 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39157159

RESUMEN

Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the carbonyls of the Val residue in the conserved selectivity filter sequence TVGTG of potassium ion channels can flip away from the pore to form hydrogen bonds with the network of water molecules residing behind the selectivity filter. Such a configuration has been proposed to be relevant for C-type inactivation. Experimentally, X-ray crystallography of the KcsA channel admits the possibility that the Val carbonyls can flip, but it cannot decisively confirm the existence of such a configuration. In this study, we combined molecular dynamics simulations and line shape theory to design two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy experiments that can corroborate the existence of the selectivity filter configuration with flipped Val carbonyls. This ability to distinguish between flipped and unflipped carbonyls is based on the varying strength of the electric field inside and outside the pore, which is directly linked to carbonyl stretching frequencies that can be resolved using infrared spectroscopy.

7.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc ; 324: 124951, 2024 Aug 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39163770

RESUMEN

Glycerol is an important biological molecule, but no facile and on-site fluorescence sensor for detecting glycerol has been reported up to now. In this work, the organic fluorescent sensor for glycerol was prepared based on hydrazine-bridged bis-tetraphenylimidazole (HBT), which exhibited an excellent "turn-on" blue fluorescence response in detecting glycerol for the first time. The good sensing selectivity for glycerol among all kinds of organic molecules and ions was confirmed with the low detection limitation (LOD=0.48 µM). The sensing mechanism was proposed as that the photo-induced electron transfer process between the lone pair electrons of the Schiff group and the tetraphenylimidazole moiety was interrupted by the multiple hydrogen-bond action between glycerol and HBT. The sensing ability of HBT for glycerol was successfully used for the detection of glycerol in test paper and real samples (glycerine enema and aloe vera gel), demonstrating the good potential for simple, rapid and in-situ detection of glycerol in daily life.

8.
ACS Nano ; 2024 Aug 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39164202

RESUMEN

Plasmonic catalysis has been employed to enhance molecular transformations under visible light excitation, leveraging the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in plasmonic nanoparticles. While plasmonic catalysis has been employed for accelerating reaction rates, achieving control over the reaction selectivity has remained a challenge. In addition, the incorporation of catalytic components into traditional plasmonic-catalytic antenna-reactor nanoparticles often leads to a decrease in optical absorption. To address these issues, this study focuses on the synthesis of bimetallic core@shell Au@AuPd nanoparticles (NPs) with ultralow loadings of palladium (Pd) into gold (Au) NPs. The goal is to achieve NPs with an Au core and a dilute alloyed shell containing both Au and Pd, with a low Pd content of around 10 atom %. By employing the (photo)electrocatalytic nitrite reduction reaction (NO2RR) as a model transformation, experimental and theoretical analyses show that this design enables enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity under visible light illumination. We found that the optimized Pd distribution in the alloyed shell allowed for stronger interaction with key adsorbed species, leading to improved catalytic activity and selectivity, both under no illumination and under visible light excitation conditions. The findings provide valuable insights for the rational design of antenna-reactor plasmonic-catalytic NPs with controlled activities and selectivity under visible light irradiation, addressing critical challenges to enable sustainable molecular transformations.

9.
Natl Sci Rev ; 11(8): nwae242, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39165665

RESUMEN

Reproducing the outstanding selectivity achieved by biological ion channels in artificial channel systems can revolutionize applications ranging from membrane filtration to single-molecule sensing technologies, but achieving this goal remains a challenge. Herein, inspired by the selectivity filter structure of the KcsA potassium channel, we propose a design of biomimetic potassium nanochannels by functionalizing the wall of carbon nanotubes with an array of arranged carbonyl oxygen atoms. Our extensive molecular dynamics simulations show that the biomimetic nanochannel exhibits a high K+ permeation rate along with a high K+/Na+ selectivity ratio. The free energy calculations suggest that the low Na+ permeability is the result of the higher energy barrier for Na+ than K+ at the channel entrance and ion binding sites. In addition, reducing the number of ion binding sites leads to an increase in the permeation rate but a decrease in selectivity. These findings not only hold promise for the design of high-performance membranes but also help understand the mechanism of selective ion transport in biological ion channels.

10.
Nano Lett ; 24(32): 9937-9945, 2024 Aug 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39092599

RESUMEN

The processing of multicolor noisy images in visual neuromorphic devices requires selective absorption at specific wavelengths; however, it is difficult to achieve this because the spectral absorption range of the device is affected by the type of material. Surprisingly, the absorption range of perovskite materials can be adjusted by doping. Herein, a CdCl2 co-doped CsPbBr3 nanocrystal-based photosensitive synaptic transistor (PST) is reported. By decreasing the doping concentration, the response of the PST to short-wavelength light is gradually enhanced, and even weak light of 40 µW·cm-2 can be detected. Benefiting from the excellent color selectivity of the PST device, the device array is applied to feature extraction of target blue items and removal of red and green noise, which results in the recognition accuracy of 95% for the noisy MNIST data set. This work provides new ideas for the application of novel transistors integrating sensors and storage computing.

11.
BMC Vet Res ; 20(1): 364, 2024 Aug 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39138422

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: It was proposed that camels are more effective than other livestock species in selecting plants for their nutritional value. They may self-regulate their voluntary feed intake to satisfy their nutritional needs. This study was designed to investigate camels' feeding selectivity and ability to cover nutritional requirements when grazing alfalfa (high in protein) and/ or barley (high in energy) in a desert climate. METHODS: Eighteen lactating camels were equally divided into three feeding treatments. They grazed daily on alfalfa, barley, or a mixed pasture of both, for two periods of one month each. The concentrate supplement was individually administered at 40 g/kg BW0.75, divided into two equal parts, in the morning and in afternoon. Total energy expenditure (EE) was estimated by heart rate (HR) monitors for 48 h after being calibrated by oxygen consumption using an upgraded face mask open-circuit respiratory system. RESULTS: During the first period, camels had a greater forage intake and digestibility when they grazed barley rather than alfalfa, while those grazing mixed pasture performed intermediately. In the second period, camels had a similar forage intake and digestibility among treatments due to a decline in barley intake and digestibility compared to the first period, which was expected since the preferred plant part gradually shifted from barley grains to predominantly straw as a function of time. Similar HR and EE were found across periods and treatments. As a result of greater gross and digestible energy intake in period 1, a better energy balance in period 1 was observed compared to period 2. Camels better utilize barley than alfalfa. Grazing on barley had a higher energy balance than grazing alfalfa alone or in combination with barley. However, camels grazing barley produced lower milk yield and energy than those grazing alfalfa alone or in combination with barley, with no interaction detected between period and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Lactating camels are able to self-regulate their voluntary intake to cover their energy requirements when they are grazing barley and/or alfalfa supplemented with a concentrate supplement at 40 g/kg BW0.75. Grazing barley is better utilized by camels than alfalfa. The chemical and physical properties of plant species play an important role in the selectivity of foraging camels. It also impacts their intake and digestibility, which is negatively associated with the proportion of cell wall content consumed.


Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Camelus , Digestión , Metabolismo Energético , Hordeum , Medicago sativa , Animales , Metabolismo Energético/fisiología , Camelus/fisiología , Femenino , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Digestión/fisiología , Dieta/veterinaria , Crianza de Animales Domésticos/métodos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Conducta Alimentaria/fisiología , Lactancia/fisiología
12.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; : e202409530, 2024 Aug 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39152096

RESUMEN

Going beyond currently reported two electron transformations that formed the core backdrop of asymmetric catalytic site-selective carbohydrate polyol functionalizations, we herein report a seminal demonstration of an enantioconvergent copper catalyzed site-selective etherification of minimally protected saccharides through a single-electron radical pathway. Further, this strategy paves a rare strategy, through which a carboxamide scaffold that is present in some glycomimetics of pharmacological relevance, can be selectively introduced. In light of the burgeoning interest in chiral radical catalysis, and the virtual absence of such stereocontrol broadly in carbohydrate synthesis, our strategy showcased the unknown capability of chiral radical copper catalysis as a contemporary tool to address the formidable site-selectivity challenge on a remarkable palette of naturally occurring saccharides. When reducing sugars were employed, a further dynamic kinetic resolution type glycosylation can be activated by the catalytic system to selectively generate the challenging ß-O-glycosides.

13.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 121(33): e2403903121, 2024 Aug 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39116127

RESUMEN

Connexin hemichannels were identified as the first members of the eukaryotic large-pore channel family that mediate permeation of both atomic ions and small molecules between the intracellular and extracellular environments. The conventional view is that their pore is a large passive conduit through which both ions and molecules diffuse in a similar manner. In stark contrast to this notion, we demonstrate that the permeation of ions and of molecules in connexin hemichannels can be uncoupled and differentially regulated. We find that human connexin mutations that produce pathologies and were previously thought to be loss-of-function mutations due to the lack of ionic currents are still capable of mediating the passive transport of molecules with kinetics close to those of wild-type channels. This molecular transport displays saturability in the micromolar range, selectivity, and competitive inhibition, properties that are tuned by specific interactions between the permeating molecules and the N-terminal domain that lies within the pore-a general feature of large-pore channels. We propose that connexin hemichannels and, likely, other large-pore channels, are hybrid channel/transporter-like proteins that might switch between these two modes to promote selective ion conduction or autocrine/paracrine molecular signaling in health and disease processes.


Asunto(s)
Conexinas , Humanos , Conexinas/metabolismo , Conexinas/genética , Transporte Iónico , Animales , Mutación , Iones/metabolismo , Uniones Comunicantes/metabolismo , Canales Iónicos/metabolismo , Canales Iónicos/genética
14.
Bioresour Technol ; 408: 131229, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39117240

RESUMEN

Microbes used for the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from mining wastewater indicated traces of Escherichia coli (E. coli, 2149.6 µg/g), Bacillus sphaericus (1636.6 µg/g), Bacillus mycoides (1469.3 µg/g), and Bacillus cereus (1083.9 µg/g). Of these, E. coli showed an affinity for REEs than non-REEs (Mn and Zn). The amount of heavy REEs adsorbed (1511.1 µg/g) on E. coli was higher than light REEs (638.0 µg/g) due to the process of increasing adsorption with decreasing ionic radius. Additionally, E. coli demonstrated stability in the recovery of REEs from mining wastewater, as evidenced by 4 cycles. SEM-EDS, XPS and FTIR showed that REEs had a disruptive effect on cells, REEs absorbed and desorbed on the cell surface including ion exchange with ions such as Na+, ligand binding with functional groups like -NH2. Finally, the cost assessment confirmed the economically feasible of E. coli in recovery of REEs from mining wastewater.


Asunto(s)
Escherichia coli , Metales de Tierras Raras , Minería , Aguas Residuales , Aguas Residuales/química , Bacillus/metabolismo , Adsorción , Biodegradación Ambiental , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua
15.
ACS Nano ; 2024 Aug 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39160683

RESUMEN

The C-N coupling reaction demonstrates broad application in the fabrication of a wide range of high value-added organonitrogen molecules including fertilizers (e.g., urea), chemical feedstocks (e.g., amines, amides), and biomolecules (e.g., amino acids). The electrocatalytic C-N coupling pathways from waste resources like CO2, NO3-, or NO2- under mild conditions offer sustainable alternatives to the energy-intensive thermochemical processes. However, the complex multistep reaction routes and competing side reactions lead to significant challenges regarding low yield and poor selectivity toward large-scale practical production of target molecules. Among diverse catalyst systems that have been developed for electrochemical C-N coupling reactions, the atomically dispersed catalysts with well-defined active sites provide an ideal model platform for fundamental mechanism elucidation. More importantly, the intersite synergy between the active sites permits the enhanced reaction efficiency and selectivity toward target products. In this Review, we systematically assess the dominant reaction pathways of electrocatalytic C-N coupling reactions toward various products including urea, amines, amides, amino acids, and oximes. To guide the rational design of atomically dispersed catalysts, we identify four key stages in the overall reaction process and critically discuss the corresponding catalyst design principles, namely, retaining NOx/COx reactants on the catalyst surface, regulating the evolution pathway of N-/C- intermediates, promoting C-N coupling, and facilitating final hydrogenation steps. In addition, the advanced and effective theoretical simulation and characterization technologies are discussed. Finally, a series of remaining challenges and valuable future prospects are presented to advance rational catalyst design toward selective electrocatalytic synthesis of organonitrogen molecules.

16.
Adv Mater ; : e2409294, 2024 Aug 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39161092

RESUMEN

Efficient gas sensors are critical for environmental monitoring and industrial safety. While metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors are cost-effective, they struggle with poor selectivity, high operating temperatures, and limited stability. Electrochemical sensors, though selective and energy-efficient, face high costs, and stability issues due to precious metal catalysts like platinum on carbon (Pt/C). Herein, a novel, cost-effective electrochemical sensor using nitrogen-doped indium oxide In2O3- xN2 x /3Vx /3 (0.01≤x≤0.14), synthesized with varying nitriding times is presented. The optimized In2O3 N-40 min sensor demonstrates a remarkable response current of 771 nA to 10 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at ambient temperature, with outstanding long-term stability (over 30 days) and rapid response/recovery times (5/16 s). Compared to Pt/C sensors, it shows 84% and 67% reductions in response and recovery times, respectively, and maintains 98% performance after a month, versus 68% for Pt/C. This cost-effective sensor presents a promising alternative for electrochemical gas sensing, eliminating the need for precious metal catalysts.

17.
ACS Nano ; 18(33): 21633-21650, 2024 Aug 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39114876

RESUMEN

Synthetic membranes featuring confined nanostructures have emerged as a prominent category of leading materials that can selectively separate target ions from complex water matrices. Further advancements in these membranes will pressingly rely on the ability to elucidate the inherent connection between transmembrane ion permeation behaviors and the ion-selective nanostructures. In this review, we first abstract state-of-the-art nanostructures with a diversity of spatial confinements in current synthetic membranes. Next, the underlying mechanisms that govern ion permeation under the spatial nanoconfinement are analyzed. We then proceed to assess ion-selective membrane materials with a focus on their structural merits that allow ultrahigh selectivity for a wide range of monovalent and divalent ions. We also highlight recent advancements in experimental methodologies for measuring ionic permeability, hydration numbers, and energy barriers to transport. We conclude by putting forth the future research prospects and challenges in the realm of high-performance ion-selective membranes.

18.
Environ Sci Technol ; 58(33): 14895-14905, 2024 Aug 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39115177

RESUMEN

Breaking the activity-selectivity trade-off has been a long-standing challenge in catalysis. Here, we proposed a nanoheterostructure engineering strategy to overcome the trade-off in metal phosphide catalysts for the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of fuels. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrated that electron delocalization was the key driver to simultaneously achieve high activity and high selectivity for the molybdenum phosphide (MoP)/tungsten phosphide (WP) nanoheterostructure catalyst. The electron delocalization not only promoted the catalytic pathway transition from predominant radicals to singlet oxygens in H2O2 activation but also simultaneously optimized the adsorption of reactants and intermediates on Mo and W sites. The presence of such dual-enhanced active sites ideally compensated for the loss of activity due to the nonradical catalytic pathway, consequently disentangling the activity-selectivity trade-off. The resulting catalyst (MoWP2/C) unprecedentedly achieved 100% removal of thiophenic compounds from real diesel at an initial concentration of 2676 ppm of sulfur with a high turnover frequency (TOF) of 105.4 h-1 and a minimal O/S ratio of 4. This work provides fundamental insight into the structure-activity-selectivity relationships of heterogeneous catalysts and may inspire the development of high-performance catalysts for ODS and other catalytic fields.


Asunto(s)
Oxidación-Reducción , Catálisis , Azufre/química , Electrones , Elementos de Transición/química
19.
ACS Nano ; 18(33): 21714-21746, 2024 Aug 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39126711

RESUMEN

The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (ECRR) is promising in converting environmentally harmful CO2 into useful chemicals, but the large-scale application of this technology is seriously limited by its low efficiency and selectivity. Cu-based electrocatalysts displayed attractive ability in converting CO2 to multiple products, and the product selectivity can be manipulated through various approaches. Among them, exposing specific crystal facets through crystal facet engineering has been proven to be highly effective in obtaining specific products and has attracted numerous researchers. However, to our knowledge, few reports have systematically summarized the relationship between the crystal facet control of Cu catalysts and the catalytic products. This review begins by outlining the general mechanism of CO2 electrocatalytic reduction on Cu-based catalysts, and then summarizes the preferences of low-index and high-index Cu facets regarding product selectivity and delves into the synergistic effects between facets (including different Cu facets and interactions between Cu and non-Cu facets) and their impact on CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). In addition, the study of the recently developed Cu single-atom catalysts in ECRR was also introduced. Finally, we provide an outlook on the development of high-performance Cu-based catalysts for applications in CO2RR. The purpose of this review is to provide a clear vein and meaningful guidance for the following studies over the crystal facet control of Cu-based electrocatalysts.

20.
Psychother Psychosom ; : 1-7, 2024 Aug 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39154647

RESUMEN

Neuroprotection aims to safeguard neurons from damage caused by various factors like stress, potentially leading to the rescue, recovery, or regeneration of the nervous system and its functions [J Clin Neurosci. 2002;9(1):4-8]. Conversely, neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to adapt and change throughout life, involving structural and functional alterations in cells and synaptic transmission [Neural Plast. 2014;2014:541870]. Neuroprotection is a broad and multidisciplinary field encompassing various approaches and strategies aimed at preserving and promoting neuronal health. It is a critical area of research in neuroscience and neurology, with the potential to lead to new therapies for a wide range of neurological disorders and conditions. Neuroprotection can take various forms and may involve pharmacological agents, lifestyle modifications, or behavioral interventions. Accordingly, also the perspective and the meaning of neuroprotection differs due to different angles of interpretation. The primary interpretation is from the pharmacological point of view since the most consistent data come from this field. In addition, we will discuss also alternative, yet less considered, perspectives on neuroprotection, focusing on specific neuroprotective targets, interactions with surrounding microglia, different levels of neuroprotective effects, the reversive/adaptative dimension, and its use as anticipatory/prophylactic intervention.

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