Characteristics of 16-17-year-old young males' physical development in the process of judo club activities.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To investigate the influence of judo club activities on the physical development indicators of 16-17-year-old young males. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The research, conducted in 2022-2024, involved 54 young males aged 16-17, who were divided into experimental (EG) and control (CG) groups of 27 each. The physical development was assessed by body weight, hand dynamometry, lung capacity, heart rate, and blood pressure indicators. Cooper, Rufier, Stange, Genchi, vital, strength, body weight, Robinson, and maximum oxygen consumption indices were calculated. RESULTS: Results: The positive influence of judo club activities on the physical development of 16-17-year-old young males was revealed: all studied indicators significantly improved in the EG young males during the experiment. Judo training sessions had the most effective impact on the indicators characterizing the development of the muscular system and the level of strength qualities. At the end of the experiment, young males of the EG showed significantly better physical development than the CG representatives in terms of strength index (by 6.33 %), static endurance of stronger (by 2.07 s) and weaker (2.03 s) hands. According to the indicators characterizing the state of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the indicators of young males of both groups were significantly the same. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: It has been established that judo club activities, which were conducted taking into account the age characteristics of 16-17-year-old young males, create the most favorable conditions for the harmonious physical development of boys, promoting their health and preparing them for future educational and professional activities.

Acute ingestion of a ketone monoester, whey protein, or their co-ingestion in the overnight postabsorptive state elicit a similar stimulation of myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in young males: a double-blind randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Ketone bodies may have anabolic effects in skeletal muscle via their capacity to stimulate protein synthesis. Whether orally ingested exogenous ketones can stimulate postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates with and without dietary protein co-ingestion is unknown. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ketone monoester intake and elevated blood ß-hydroxybutyrate (ß-OHB) concentration, with and without dietary protein co-ingestion, on postprandial MyoPS rates and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway signaling. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, parallel group design, 36 recreationally active healthy young males (age: 24.2 ± 4.1 y; body fat: 20.9% ± 5.8%; body mass index: 23.4 ± 2 kg/m2) received a primed continuous infusion of L-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine and ingested one of the following: 1) the ketone monoester (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (KET), 2) 10 g whey protein (PRO), or 3) the combination of both (KET+PRO). Blood and muscle biopsy samples were collected during basal and postprandial (300 min) conditions to assess ß-OHB, glucose, insulin, and amino acid concentrations, MyoPS rates, and mTORC1 pathway signaling. RESULTS: Capillary blood ß-OHB concentration increased similarly during postprandial conditions in KET and KET+PRO, with both being greater than PRO from 30 to 180 min (treatment × time interaction: P < 0.001). Postprandial plasma leucine and essential amino acid (EAA) incremental area under the curve (iAUC) over 300 min was greater (treatment: both P < 0.001) in KET+PRO compared with PRO and KET. KET, PRO, and KET+PRO stimulated postprandial MyoPS rates (0-300 min) higher than basal conditions [absolute change: 0.020%/h; (95% CI: 0.013, 0.027%/h), 0.014%/h (95% CI: 0.009, 0.019%/h), 0.019%/h (95% CI: 0.014, 0.024%/h), respectively (time: P < 0.001)], with no difference between treatments (treatment: P = 0.383) or treatment × time interaction (interaction: P = 0.245). mTORC1 pathway signaling responses did not differ between treatments (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Acute oral intake of a ketone monoester, 10 g whey protein, or their co-ingestion in the overnight postabsorptive state elicit a similar stimulation of postprandial MyoPS rates in healthy young males. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04565444 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04565444).

Effects of 4-Week Low-Load Resistance Training with Blood Flow Restriction on Muscle Strength and Left Ventricular Function in Young Swimmers: A Pilot Randomized Trial.

Low-load resistance training combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) is known to result in muscle hypertrophy and strength similar to that observed with higher loads. However, the effects of resistance training with BFR on cardiac structure and cardiac function remain largely unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this randomized study was to compare the effects of conventional high-load resistance training (HL-RT) with the effects of low-load resistance training with BFR (LL-BFR) on muscle strength and left ventricular function. Sixteen young swimmers (mean ± standard deviation: age = 19.7 ± 1.6 years, body mass = 78.9 ± 9.7 kg, body height = 180.8 ± 5.8 cm) were randomly allocated to a conventional HL-RT group (n = 8) or a LL-BFR group (n = 8) with a pressure band (200 mmHg) placed on both thighs of participants for 4 weeks (3 days•week-1). Outcome measures were taken at baseline and after 4 weeks of training, and included body composition, one-repetition maximum (1RM) back squat, and echocardiography measures. The 1RM back squat significantly improved (partial eta squared (È 2) = 0.365; p = 0.013) in HL-RT (mean difference (Δ) = 6.6 kg; [95% confidence interval (CI) -7.09 to 20.27]) and LL-BFR groups (Δ = 14.7 kg; [95% CI 3.39 to 26.10]), with no main effect of group or group × time interaction (p > 0.05). Interventricular septum end-systolic thickness showed a slight but statistically significant increase in LL-BFR and HL-RT groups (È 2 = 0.253; p = 0.047), yet there was no main effect of group or group × time interaction (p > 0.05). There were no statistically significant changes (p > 0.05) in other cardiac structure or function parameters (e.g., left ventricular (LV) mass, LV cardiac output, LV ejection fraction, LV stroke volume) after the training programs. Results suggest that 4 weeks of HL-RT and LL-BFR improve muscle strength similarly with limited effects on left ventricular function in young swimmers.

The impact of insomnia on anxiety and depression: a longitudinal study of non-clinical young Chinese adult males.

Insomnia, anxiety, and depression commonly co-occured and were closely related. Most of the prior studies were cross-sectional, with a poor ability to infer causality. Longitudinal study was needed to classify the relationships. The present study conducted a longitudinal study of non-clinical young Chinese males to investigate whether insomnia predicted the likelihood of future anxiety and depression, and vice versa. Convenient sampling method was applied, and 288 participants was recruited from Shanghai in October 2017 with Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). 120 of them were re-tested in June 2018. The drop-out rate was 58.33%. Correlation analyses and cross-lagged analysis showed that AIS global score was significantly positively related with scores of depression and anxiety at baseline and follow-up. Insomnia was a predictive factor of anxiety, but it can't predict depression. In sum, insomnia may be an important cause of anxiety, while no predictive relationship was found between insomnia and depression.

The impact of physical inactivity on glucose homeostasis when diet is adjusted to maintain energy balance in healthy, young males.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: It is unclear if dietary adjustments to maintain energy balance during reduced physical activity can offset inactivity-induced reductions in insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal to produce normal daily glucose concentrations and meal responses. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the impact of long-term physical inactivity (60 days of bed rest) on daily glycemia when in energy balance. METHODS: Interstitial glucose concentrations were measured using Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems (CGMS) for 5 days before and towards the end of bed rest in 20 healthy, young males (Age: 34 ± 8 years; BMI: 23.5 ± 1.8 kg/m2). Energy intake was reduced during bed rest to match energy expenditure, but the types of foods and timing of meals was maintained. Fasting venous glucose and insulin concentrations were determined, as well as the change in whole-body glucose disposal using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (HIEC). RESULTS: Following long-term bed rest, fasting plasma insulin concentration increased 40% (p = 0.004) and glucose disposal during the HIEC decreased 24% (p < 0.001). Interstitial daily glucose total area under the curve (tAUC) from pre-to post-bed rest increased on average by 6% (p = 0.041), despite a 20 and 25% reduction in total caloric and carbohydrate intake, respectively. The nocturnal period (00:00-06:00) showed the greatest change to glycemia with glucose tAUC for this period increasing by 9% (p = 0.005). CGMS measures of daily glycemic variability (SD, J-Index, M-value and MAG) were not changed during bed rest. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced physical activity (bed rest) increases glycemia even when daily energy intake is reduced to maintain energy balance. However, the disturbance to daily glucose homeostasis was much more modest than the reduced capacity to dispose of glucose, and glycemic variability was not negatively affected by bed rest, likely due to positive mitigating effects from the contemporaneous reduction in dietary energy and carbohydrate intake. CLINICAL TRIALS RECORD: NCT03594799 (registered July 20, 2018) (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03594799).

Impact of smoking intensities on sleep quality in young Saudi males: a comparative study.

This study aimed to compare various components of sleep quality between cigarette smokers of various intensities and non-smokers in young Saudi males. In total, 73 healthy male participants (31 smokers and 42 non-smokers) aged 17-33 years were recruited over three months (August 2018 to October 2018). All participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. The smokers were then divided into three groups, according to their Smoking Index* (SI) (Cigarettes Per Day (CPD) X Years of Tobacco Use), into mild, moderate, and heavy smokers. The PSQI was significantly higher in heavy smokers than in mild smokers (P=0.022) or non-smokers (p=0.013). A significant positive correlation was observed between the PSQI and the smoking index (p=0.005). Sleep duration was significantly longer in heavy smokers compared to mild (p=0.032) and nonsmokers (p=0.047). Sleep disturbance was significantly higher in moderate than nonsmokers (p=0.035) and moderate than mild smokers (p=0.028). Sleep latency was significantly longer in heavy than nonsmokers (p=0.011). Daytime dysfunction was significantly higher in moderate than mild smokers (p=0.041). Habitual sleep efficiency was significantly greater in moderate than in either mild (p=0.013) or nonsmokers (p=0.021). The use of sleep medication was significantly higher in moderate than nonsmokers (p=0.041). The findings suggest that poorer sleep quality is positively associated with smoking intensity among young Saudi males. Considering the importance of sleep quality for well-being and health, these results suggest exploring how improving sleep quality could inform future smoking cessation interventions.

Trunk Alignment in Physically Active Young Males with Low Back Pain.

BACKGROUND: Systematic physical activity has become an essential part of the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of low back pain (LBP). The aim of this study was to assess differences in trunk alignment parameters with regard to the level of physical activity in groups of individuals with and without LBP. METHODS: 43 participants with LBP and 37 healthy persons were recruited. Participants were divided into two subgroups: (1) students with a moderate level of physical activity (MPA); (2) students with a high level of physical activity (HPA). An original questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of LBP. The spinal posture was measured using the Formetric 4D rasterstereographic system. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups for any of the parameters assessed: trunk imbalance, trunk inclination, trunk torsion, pelvic tilt, pelvic inclination, pelvic torsion, kyphotic angle and lordotic angle. CONCLUSIONS: There are no differences in trunk alignment parameters in the sagittal, frontal and transversal planes between physically active males with and without LBP. Therefore, it can be assumed that physical activity may reduce the risk of the deterioration of trunk alignment in males with LBP younger than 25 years.

Late Presentation of Hirayama Disease With "Snake Eye Sign": A Case Report.

Hirayama disease, also called non-progressive juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper limbs, is a type of cervical myelopathy associated with flexion movements of the neck. It is a type of benign motor neuron disease seen typically in young males in the age group of 15 to 25. The disease has an insidious onset with a stationary stage following a progressive phase. It is also called monomelic amyotrophy with patients usually presenting with insidious onset unilateral upper limb weakness and muscle wasting. A bilateral and asymmetrical presentation can be seen very rarely. A middle-aged male patient presented with bilateral asymmetrical upper limb weakness, muscle wasting involving forearm and hand muscles. Neurological examination showed bilateral upper limb weakness and muscle wasting involving forearm and hand muscles, with a classical pattern of muscle wasting in bilateral forearm muscles called oblique amyotrophy. A clinical diagnosis of Hirayama disease was made and the patient was sent to the radiology department for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the cervical spine in flexion and neutral positions. The imaging findings were consistent with the clinical diagnosis of Hirayama disease with the presence of an abnormal "snake eye appearance". The electrophysiological assessment done including the electromyography and nerve conduction studies were also consistent with the clinical diagnosis. "Snake eye appearance" on MRI in patients with Hirayama disease is associated with unfavorable outcomes and represents cervical myelopathy involving the anterior horn cells.

Metabolic Risk Factors in Young Men With Healthy Body Fat But Different Level of Physical Activity.

The study was performed to evaluate metabolic risk in young lean individuals characterized by different physical activity. A total of 194 students (93 active with 5-7 h weekly physical activity and 101 inactive) were accepted for the study. The following percentages of body fat were accepted as characteristic for lean men: 14% to 17% in active and 18% to 24% in inactive participants. Circulating glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-dendity lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (HDL-C) were assayed. Daily intake of energy and macronutrients was briefly assessed from 24 h food records collected over 4 days preceding blood collection. Insulin and TG differed with respect to physical activity and was lower by 37.5% and 12.5%, respectively, in active versus inactive participants. In active students with upper quartile of body fat percentage, the only significant difference was found between circulating insulin (by 28%, p < .04). In inactive participants with upper quartile of body fat, significant differences were found between levels of insulin and TG (by 25% and by 37.5%, respectively). Diet composition did not differ with respect to the percentage of energy derived from protein, fat, and carbohydrates. An inverse association between insulin level and the percentage of body fat seems to be physiological one because it has been noted in both active and inactive individuals. On the contrary, elevation in circulating TG found exclusively in inactive subjects seems to be secondary to the changes in adiposity and circulating insulin and is followed by tendency to higher levels of TC.

Cheese Ingestion Increases Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates Both at Rest and During Recovery from Exercise in Healthy, Young Males: A Randomized Parallel-Group Trial.

BACKGROUND: Protein ingestion increases muscle protein synthesis rates. The food matrix in which protein is provided can strongly modulate the postprandial muscle protein synthetic response. So far, the muscle protein synthetic response to the ingestion of whole foods remains largely unexplored. OBJECTIVES: To compare the impact of ingesting 30 g protein provided as milk protein or cheese on postprandial plasma amino acid concentrations and muscle protein synthesis rates at rest and during recovery from exercise in vivo in young males. METHODS: In this randomized, parallel-group intervention trial, 20 healthy males aged 18-35 y ingested 30 g protein provided as cheese or milk protein concentrate following a single-legged resistance-type exercise session consisting of 12 sets of leg press and leg extension exercises. Primed, continuous intravenous L-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine infusions were combined with the collection of blood and muscle tissue samples to assess postabsorptive and 4-h postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates at rest and during recovery from exercise. Data were analyzed using repeated measures Time × Group (× Leg) ANOVA. RESULTS: Plasma total amino acid concentrations increased after protein ingestion (Time: P < 0.001), with 38% higher peak concentrations following milk protein than cheese ingestion (Time × Group: P < 0.001). Muscle protein synthesis rates increased following both cheese and milk protein ingestion from 0.037 ± 0.014 to 0.055 ± 0.018%·h-1 and 0.034 ± 0.008 to 0.056 ± 0.010%·h-1 at rest and even more following exercise from 0.031 ± 0.010 to 0.067 ± 0.013%·h-1 and 0.030 ± 0.008 to 0.063 ± 0.010%·h-1, respectively (Time: all P < 0.05; Time × Leg: P = 0.002), with no differences between cheese and milk protein ingestion (Time × Group: both P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Cheese ingestion increases muscle protein synthesis rates both at rest and during recovery from exercise. The postprandial muscle protein synthetic response to the ingestion of cheese or milk protein does not differ when 30 g protein is ingested at rest or during recovery from exercise in healthy, young males.

Cheese Ingestion Increases Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates Both at Rest and During Recovery from Exercise in Healthy, Young Males: A Randomized Parallel-Group Trial.

BACKGROUND: Protein ingestion increases muscle protein synthesis rates. The food matrix in which protein is provided can strongly modulate the postprandial muscle protein synthetic response. So far, the muscle protein synthetic response to the ingestion of whole foods remains largely unexplored. OBJECTIVES: To compare the impact of ingesting 30 g protein provided as milk protein or cheese on postprandial plasma amino acid concentrations and muscle protein synthesis rates at rest and during recovery from exercise in vivo in young males. METHODS: In this randomized, parallel-group intervention trial, 20 healthy males aged 18-35 y ingested 30 g protein provided as cheese or milk protein concentrate following a single-legged resistance-type exercise session consisting of 12 sets of leg press and leg extension exercises. Primed, continuous intravenous L-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine infusions were combined with the collection of blood and muscle tissue samples to assess postabsorptive and 4-h postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates at rest and during recovery from exercise. Data were analyzed using repeated measures Time × Group (× Leg) ANOVA. RESULTS: Plasma total amino acid concentrations increased after protein ingestion (Time: P < 0.001), with 38% higher peak concentrations following milk protein than cheese ingestion (Time × Group: P < 0.001). Muscle protein synthesis rates increased following both cheese and milk protein ingestion from 0.037 ± 0.014 to 0.055 ± 0.018%·h-1 and 0.034 ± 0.008 to 0.056 ± 0.010%·h-1 at rest and even more following exercise from 0.031 ± 0.010 to 0.067 ± 0.013%·h-1 and 0.030 ± 0.008 to 0.063 ± 0.010%·h-1, respectively (Time: all P < 0.05; Time × Leg: P = 0.002), with no differences between cheese and milk protein ingestion (Time × Group: both P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Cheese ingestion increases muscle protein synthesis rates both at rest and during recovery from exercise. The postprandial muscle protein synthetic response to the ingestion of cheese or milk protein does not differ when 30 g protein is ingested at rest or during recovery from exercise in healthy, young males.

Erythrocyte Indices and Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability in Military Males.

BACKGROUNDS: Severe microcytic anemia has been associated with BP changes. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Whether the erythrocyte indices are associated with long-term BPV is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association of hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte size with long-term blood pressure variability (BPV) in young males. METHODS: This study included 1,112 healthy military males, averaging 32 years of age, in Taiwan. All participants took a measurement of systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) every two-year from 2012 to 2018 (2012-14, 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-18). Levels of hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of erythrocytes were obtained at the first visit. Long-term BPV was assessed by the standard deviation (SD) and average real variability (ARV). Multivariate linear regression analysis with adjustment for the baseline BP levels and other covariates was used to elucidate the association. RESULTS: Hemoglobin levels were borderline positively correlated with SD DBP (ß and standard errors = 0.016 (0.009), P =0.06). In those with hemoglobin levels of 10.0-13.9 g/dL, hemoglobin was negatively correlated with SDSBP (ß= -0.039 (0.018), P =0.03). In contrast, MCV levels were borderline positively correlated with SDSBP (ß =0.085 (0.052), P =0.09). In those with MCV levels <80 fL, MCV was positively correlated with SDSBP and ARVSBP (ß= 0.445 (0.210) and 0.286 (0.149), p = 0.03 and 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: There were inconsistent patterns for the associations of erythrocyte indices with longterm BPV. We found a U-shaped relationship of hemoglobin levels with systolic BPV, whereas there was a positive linear relationship of hemoglobin and MCV levels with diastolic BPV, respectively.

Trends in body height, body weight, BMI, and nutrition status from 1979 to 1987: a measurement-based analysis of 10, 954 male adolescents from the municipality of Bijelo Polje / Tendencias en la altura corporal, el peso corporal, el IMC y el estado nutricional de 1979 a 1987: un análisis basado en mediciones de 10. 954 adolescentes varones del municipio de Bijelo Polje

SUMMARY: This study aimed to consolidate data regarding body height, body weight, body mass index, and nutrition status of the entire young male population from the Municipality of Bijelo Polje in order to estimate trends from 1979 to 1987. The sample of respondents includes 10,954 young males divided into nine groups. The measurement sample includes body height, body weight, and body mass index based on two previous measures. The descriptive statistics were expressed as a mean and standard deviation for each variable, while the analysis of nutrition status was done based on body mass index (underweight, normal weight, pre-obese, obese). The results showed that a secular trend in the observed study period is not visible regarding body height, body weight, and body mass index. The contribution of this study is reflected in the fact that there were no previously published data for this period and this municipality; the data can significantly aid in monitoring the secular trends throughout Montenegro.

RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo consolidar los datos sobre la altura corporal, el peso corporal, índice de masa corporal y el estado nutricional de toda la población masculina joven del Municipio de Bijelo Polje con el fin de estimar las tendencias de 1979 a 1987. La muestra de encuestados incluyó 10.954 hombres jóvenes divididos en nueve grupos. Las mediciones incluyeron la altura corporal, el peso corporal y el índice de masa corporal basado en dos medidas anteriores. Las estadísticas descriptivas se expresaron como media y desviación estándar para cada variable, mientras que el análisis del estado nutricional se realizó con base en el índice de masa corporal (bajo peso, peso normal, pre-obesidad, obesidad). Los resultados mostraron que una tendencia secular en el período de estudio observado no es visible con respecto a la altura corporal, el peso corporal y el índice de masa corporal. La contribución de este estudio está basada en que no existían datos publicados previamente para este período y en este municipio; los datos pueden ayudar significativamente a monitorear las tendencias seculares en todo Montenegro.

Trajectories of Body Height, Body Weight, BMI, and Nutrition Status from 1979 to 1987: A Measurement-Based Analysis of 8740 Montenegrin Male Adolescents from the Municipality of Berane.

This study aimed to consolidate the body height, body weight, BMI, and nutrition status data of the overall young male population from the Municipality of Berane in order to assess the trajectories of those variables from 1979 to 1987. The sample of respondents included 8740 adolescents who were divided into nine groups according to their age. The sample of variables included body height, body weight, body mass index, and nutrition status, which were presented based on a long-established BMI categorization (underweight, normal weight, pre-obese, and obese). The descriptive statistics are expressed as the mean and standard deviation for each variable; the analysis of nutrition status was calculated based on BMI, while LSD post hoc testing with ANOVA was employed to investigate differences between the means. The results indicate that a secular trend is visible regarding body height and body weight, while no trend is visible for the BMI and nutrition status. This study's contribution is that it provides insight into more recently published data for the studied period and in this municipality, which can significantly aid in following the secular trend throughout Montenegro.

METHODS OF DETERMINING THE INDIVIDUAL MOTOR PERFORMANCE OF YOUNG MALES IN THE PROCESS OF EXERCISE.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Is to develop, theoretically substantiate and experimentally test the effectiveness of the methods of determining the individual motor performance of 17-18 years old young males in the process of exercise. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The research was conducted at the Faculty of Physical Education, Sports and Health of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University in 2019-2020. The research involved 17-18 years old male students during the 1st and the 2nd years of their education (n = 168). Two groups of students were formed: the experimental group (EG, n = 84), which consisted of the students who were engaged according to our developed methods of determining the individual motor performance of 17-18 years old young males in the process of exercise, and the control group (CG, n = 84), which consisted of the students who were engaged in classes on physical education according to the generally accepted methods without taking into account the standards of motor performance. RESULTS: Results: The relationship of motor performance with indicators of physical health, morphofunctional and mental features of young males is revealed, the computer program called "Activity for health" which reflects process of definition of individual standard of motor performance, creation of the individual program of training, the analysis and adjustment of the results of practical activities with the help of modern information and communication technologies is developed and introduced in the educational process. Determination of the level of motor performance shows that the young males of the EG showed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) better indicators than the young males of the CG. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The obtained results allow asserting the effectiveness of the developed methods of determining the individual motor performance of 17-18 years old young males in the process of exercise with the use of information and communication technologies which have a positive effect on improving the psychophysical indicators of the students, which in turn increases their motor performance and motivation for physical education.

Alcohol consumption and sports-betting among young male motorcycle taxi boda boda riders in urban southwestern Uganda.

BACKGROUND: The popularity of sports-betting is growing globally and may be associated with alcohol consumption among young adults. In this study, we examine the relationship between alcohol consumption plus other substances with sports-betting in a group of young adult males in Uganda. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study and interviewed male motorcycle taxi boda boda riders in the southwestern Uganda town of Mbarara. We asked questions about alcohol consumption, smoking plus history and frequency of sports-betting. RESULTS: We enrolled 401 riders. The median age was 29.0 years, interquartile range 25-32 years. Seventy four (18.5%) had engaged in sports-betting in the past 30 days. Among those that reported sports-betting, 16(21.6%) engaged daily or almost daily. Alcohol use was significantly associated with sports-betting with an adjusted risk ratio (aRR) of 2.08(95% CI 1.36, 3.18) among moderate drinkers but not among heavy drinkers in comparison to low or non-drinkers. Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with sports-betting with an aRR 1.85(95% CI 1.13, 3.01). CONCLUSION: Sports-betting is common among these young male motorcycle riders, and is associated with both alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. Interventions to regulate sports-betting may be co-packaged with those to reduce alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking among young adult males.

Hearing the unheard voice-puberty experiences of young Pakistani men: A qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION: Puberty experiences of male adolescents can have significant impacts on physical and psychological health outcomes. This qualitative study explored the puberty experiences of young males in Pakistan, as there are limited accounts of what shapes these puberty experiences, especially for adolescent males living in a restrictive culture. METHODS: Twenty-two young Pakistani men (aged 18-21 years) from two urban sites in Karachi participated in individual face-to-face (n=19) and Skype (n=3) interviews. Qualitative thematic analysis was conducted using an inductive approach to identity and examine the patterns emerging from the data. RESULTS: Participants described puberty as a challenging phase for which they were unprepared with a combination of various socio-cultural factors exposing them to negative impacts. As a result, young men expressed feelings of anxiety, embarrassment and isolation. Societal and gender norms around masculinity, sexuality and the roles and responsibilities of young men had a significant impact on how participants experienced puberty. While negative reactions towards puberty were dominant, participants described adopting coping strategies (e.g. social support) to help them deal with negative experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the significance of culturally appropriate puberty education and various facilitating factors that may improve the puberty experiences for future young men. While extending current literature, this study also identifies key factors that could inform the development of health promotion programmes, which may aid adolescent males' puberty transition and positively influence their long-term health, well-being and identity.

ABVD and BEACOPP regimens' effects on fertility in young males with Hodgkin lymphoma.

PURPOSE: Considering the increased cancer patient survivorship, the focus is now on addressing the impacts of treatment on quality of life. In young people, altered reproductive function is a major issue and its effects in young males are largely neglected by novel research. To improve clinician awareness, we systematically reviewed side effects of chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in young males. METHODS: The review was prospectively registered (PROSPERO N. CRD42019122868). Three databases (Medline via PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library) were searched for studies featuring males aged 13-51-years who underwent chemotherapy for HL using ABVD (Adriamycin® (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) or BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisolone) regimens. These chemotherapy regimens were compared against each other using sperm characteristics, FSH, and inhibin B levels to measure fertility levels. RESULTS: Data were extracted from five studies featuring 1344 patients. 6 months post-ABVD saw marked deterioration in sperm count, further reduced by more cycles (P = 0.05). Patients treated with BEACOPP rather than ABVD were more prone to oligospermia. Receiving fewer cycles of both regimens increased the likelihood of sperm production recovering. Patients treated with 6-8 cycles of BEACOPP did not recover spermiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: ABVD and BEACOPP regimens significantly reduce fertility function to varying effects depending on treatment duration. ABVD temporarily causes significant reductions in male fertility, whereas BEACOPP's effects are more permanent. Therefore, clinicians should discuss fertility preservation with male patients receiving infertility-inducing gonadotoxic therapy. Further high-quality studies are required to more adequality describe the risk to fertility by chemotherapy.

Subfoveal choroidal thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in young obese males.

OBJECTIVE: Regarding the effect of obesity on subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, controversial results have been reported in different patient groups. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of obesity on these parameters among young male subjects in comparison with age-matched non-obese healthy males. METHODS: This prospective, cross-sectional study included both eyes of 50 obese young males and 50 healthy non-obese young males. The obese and the non-obese groups included subjects with a BMI of ⩾30 and ⩽25 kg/m², respectively. Subfoveal choroidal thickness and RNFL analyses were conducted by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). RESULTS: Subfoveal choroidal thickness (321.0 ± 46.7 vs 338.4±35.3, p = 0.002) and RNFL thickness at temporal quadrant (73.4 ± 9.9 vs 76.4 ± 9.3, p = 0.008) was significantly lower in the obese group when compared to the non-obese group. The groups did not differ regarding peripapillary RNFL thickness at other quadrants (superior, inferior, or nasal) or regarding mean peripapillary RNFL thickness. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study demonstrated a negative correlation of obesity with subfoveal choroidal thickness and temporal quadrant peripapillary RNFL thickness. Larger studies on different patient groups with longer-term follow-up are warranted to better elucidate the ophthalmological effects of obesity.

Pudendal nerve release for lower urinary tract symptoms in young males.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of laparoscopic transperitoneal pudendal decompression in the improvement of refractory lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in young males presenting with clinical features of pudendal nerve entrapment with no known comorbidities that could explain their LUTS. METHODS: This is a prospective pilot study involving patients suffering from LUTS refractory to standard treatment and clinical features of pudendal nerve entrapment on physical examination. They underwent laparoscopic transperitoneal pudendal decompression. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and maximal flow (Qmax) on uroflowmetry were evaluated before and 3 months after the procedure. RESULTS: Five male patients aged 34 ± 4 years were recruited. The median IPSS differed significantly before and 3 months after the procedure (18 vs 8, P = .042); likewise, median Qmax differed significantly before and 3 months after the procedure (12 vs 18 mL/s, P = .042). CONCLUSION: Pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome should be considered as a main differential diagnosis for refractory LUTS in young males with no other comorbidities. When clinical features of pudendal nerve entrapment are present, laparoscopic transperitoneal pudendal decompression relieves LUTS in these young males.