Porphyrin-based hypercrosslinked polymers as sorbents for efficient extraction of nitroimidazoles from water, honey and chicken breast.

In this work, a series of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP)-based hyper crosslinked polymers were prepared by Friedel-Crafts reaction. Among them, the HCP-TPP-BCMBP, which was prepared by using TPP as the monomer and with 4,4'-Bis(chloromethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (BCMBP) as the cross-linking agent, had the best adsorption capability for the enrichment of the nitroimidazoles of dimetridazole, ronidazole, secnidazole, metronidazole, and ornidazole. Then, a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method with the HCP-TPP-BCMBP as adsorbent coupled with HPLC-UV detection for the determination of nitroimidazole residues in honey, environmental water, and chicken breast samples was established. The influence of the main factors that affect the SPE, i.e., sample solution volume, sample loading rate, sample pH, and eluent and its volume, were studied. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection (S/N = 3) for the nitroimidazoles were measured to be in the range of 0.02-0.04 ng mL-1, 0.4-1.0 ng g-1 and 0.5-0.7 ng g-1 for environmental water, honey, and chicken breast samples, with the determination coefficients being in the range of 0.9933-0.9998. The analytes recoveries by the method in fortified samples fell in the range from 91.1% to 102.7% for environmental water, from 83.2% to 105.0% for honey, and from 85.9% to 103.0% for chicken breast samples, and the relative standard deviations for the determination were less than 10%. It shows that the HCP-TPP-BCMBP has a strong adsorption capability for some polar compounds.

Advances in the Determination of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: From Standard Practices to Tailor-Designed Multidisciplinary Approaches.

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs), a group of compounds frequently misused by athletes and, unfortunately, also by the general population, have lately attracted global attention; thus, significant demands for more precise, facile, and rapid AAS detection have arisen. The standard methods ordinarily used for AAS determination include liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. However, good knowledge of steroid metabolism, pretreatment of samples (such as derivatization), and well-trained operators of the instruments are required, making this procedure expensive, complicated, and not routinely applicable. In the drive to meet current AAS detection demands, the scientific focus has shifted to developing novel, tailor-made approaches leading to time- and cost-effective, routine, and field-portable methods for AAS determination in various matrices, such as biological fluids, food supplements, meat, water, or other environmental components. Therefore, herein, we present a comprehensive review article covering recent advances in AAS determination, with a strong emphasis on the increasingly important role of chemically designed artificial sensors, biosensors, and antibody- and fluorescence-based methods.