RESUMEN
Efficient occlusion of particulate additives into a single crystal has garnered an ever-increasing attention in materials science because it offers a counter-intuitive yet powerful platform to make crystalline nanocomposite materials with emerging properties. However, precisely controlling the spatial distribution of the guest additives within a host crystal remains highly challenging. We herein demonstrate a unique, straightforward method to engineer the spatial distribution of copolymer nanoparticles within calcite (CaCO3) single crystals by judiciously adjusting initial [Ca2+] concentration used for the calcite precipitation. More specifically, polymerization-induced self-assembly is employed to synthesize well-defined and highly anionic poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium)41-block-poly(benzyl methacrylate)500 [PSPMA41-PBzMA500] diblock copolymer nanoparticles, which are subsequently used as model additives during the growth of calcite crystals. Impressively, such guest nanoparticles are preferentially occluded into specific regions of calcite depending on the initial [Ca2+] concentration. These unprecedented phenomena are most probably caused by dynamic change in electrostatic interaction between Ca2+ ions and PSPMA41 chains based on systematic investigations. This study not only showcases a significant advancement in controlling the spatial distribution of guest nanoparticles within host crystals, enabling the internal structure of composite crystals to be rationally tailored via a spatioselective occlusion strategy, but also provides new insights into biomineralization.
RESUMEN
The synthesis and characterization of a first salt-inclusion aluminophosphate oxocuprate, (Na,Li)3(Cl,OH)[Cu3OAl(PO4)3], obtained as single crystals, is reported. A novel phase, with a strongly pseudo-orthorhombic structure, is described as a monoclinic crystal structure established by the study of a pseudomerohedric microtwin. It was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, microprobe analysis and low-temperature X-ray diffraction. The composite crystal structure represents an original framework assembled from Cu-centered polyhedra, AlO6 octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra with channels, which incorporate the Na/Li salt component [(Na,Li)3(Cl,OH)]2+ that ensures electroneutrality of the compound. Layers of strongly corrugated chains of Cu-centered octahedra with shared edges and linked by PO4 tetrahedra are shown to be topologically identical with the layers also built from Cu-centered polyhedra and AsO4/VO4 tetrahedra forming the crystal structure of a fumarolic mineral aleutite, (M0.5Cl)[Cu5O2(AsO4)(VO4)] [Siidra et al. (2019). MinMag, 83, 847-853]. `Sawtooth chains' and pairs of Cu-centered octahedra inherent in the title structure may be of interest in solid-state physics, engaging studies in the field of low-dimensional and frustrated magnetism.
RESUMEN
Composite crystals SrxLi2+xAl2-xO4:Eu2+ were synthesized and their structures were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The commensurate structure with a modulation wavevector q = 5c*/6 was analyzed in a conventional manner in 3D space, while a structure model in (3+1)-dimensional superspace was used for the other two crystals with modulation wavevectors slightly differing from 5c*/6. The superstructure of the commensurate phase was described using the space group P4/n and a common superspace group I4/m(00γ)00 was used for the (3+1)D structures of all three crystals. The whole structure of each crystal consists of two substructures. Basis vectors a and b are common, but c is different for the two substructures. The first substructure is a host framework constructed by (Li/Al)O4 tetrahedra sharing edges. A linear connection of cavities is seen to be channel-like, in which Sr ions locate as guest cations forming the second substructure. The crystal of q = 5c*/6 contains five Sr ions per six cavities in a channel. Sr ions are distributed at seven sites, some of which are partially occupied. Statistical disorder of local structure models for the location of Sr ions in the channel was assumed to explain the results. Such a partially disordered character was also seen in the incommensurate phases and properly embodied by a (3+1)D model containing an atomic domain of the Sr ion with occupational modulation. Plots of the occupation factor, interatomic distances and the bond valence sum at each metal site as functions of t (= x4 - q·r) are roughly identical in the three crystals, which are considered as members of the same series of composite crystals.
RESUMEN
The dissipation of MnSi layered precipitates during solidification is critical for further enhancement of the thermoelectric properties of the higher manganese silicides. We have investigated the effects of partial substitution of V in Mn sites and of Ge in Si sites on the crystal structures and thermoelectric properties of these silicides in detail. As previously reported, a small amount of V-substitution is quite effective in completely dissipating the MnSi striations; in contrast, a small proportion of these MnSi striations always remains present in the Ge-substitution case, even in the vicinity of the Ge solubility limits. For completely MnSi-dissipated samples, domain separation of the regular and highly strained arrangements of the Si atoms is realized. This domain separation suppresses the deterioration of the carrier mobility of the partially V-substituted samples and maintains even higher electrical conductivity to yield a high thermoelectric power factor of â¼2.3 mW/K 2 m at higher temperatures.
RESUMEN
The crystal structure of the higher manganese silicide MnSi1.7 (known in the literature as HMS) is investigated in samples with different compositions obtained by different techniques at temperatures not higher than 1273 K. Powder X-ray diffraction was applied. The crystal structure is described as incommensurate composite. In addition to the ordered model already known in the literature, the partial disorder in the silicon substructure was detected and described introducing an additional atomic site with a different modulation function.
RESUMEN
Superconducting incommensurate organic composite crystals based on the methylenedithio-tetraselenafulvalene (MDT-TSF) series donors, where the energy band filling deviates from the usual 3/4-filled, are reviewed. The incommensurate anion potential reconstructs the Fermi surface for both (MDT-TSF)(AuI2)0.436 and (MDT-ST)(I3)0.417 neither by the fundamental anion periodicity q nor by 2 q , but by 3 q , where MDT-ST is 5H-2-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3-diselena-4,6-dithiapentalene, and q is the reciprocal lattice vector of the anion lattice. The selection rule of the reconstructing vectors is associated with the magnitude of the incommensurate potential. The considerably large interlayer transfer integral and three-dimensional superconducting properties are due to the direct donor-donor interactions coming from the characteristic corrugated conducting sheet structure. The materials with high superconducting transition temperature, Tc, have large ratios of the observed cyclotron masses to the bare ones, which indicates that the strength of the many-body effect is the major determinant of Tc. (MDT-TS)(AuI2)0.441 shows a metal-insulator transition at TMI=50 K, where MDT-TS is 5H-2-(1,3-diselenol-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene, and the insulating phase is an antiferromagnet with a high Néel temperature (TN=50 K) and a high spin-flop field (Bsf=6.9 T). There is a possibility that this material is an incommensurate Mott insulator. Hydrostatic pressure suppresses the insulating state and induces superconductivity at Tc=3.2 K above 1.05 GPa, where Tc rises to the maximum, Tcmax=4.9 K at 1.27 GPa. This compound shows a usual temperature-pressure phase diagram, in which the superconducting phase borders on the antiferromagnetic insulating phase, despite the unusual band filling.
