Eyelid tumors in children over a 10-year period.

INTRODUCTION: Eyelid tumors in children are rare and, fortunately, mostly benign. Reconstruction after excision of these tumors is an extremely responsible procedure, considering the early age of the patient.

Ovarian dermoid torsion with concomitant acute appendicitis: A case report.

Acute appendicitis and adnexal torsion are leading causes of acute surgical abdomen in female patients. However, the simultaneous occurrence of these 2 conditions is extremely rare. Here, we present an extraordinary case of a woman radiologically diagnosed with ovarian dermoid torsion coexisting with acute appendicitis. The patient was managed operatively by surgeons from the respective fields in a single setting, thereby meeting the patient's standard of care. This case provides valuable insight into the possible coexistence of acute adnexal pathology with acute bowel pathology and vice versa, emphasizing that radiologists should avoid satisfaction of search after a single possible explanation of the condition.

Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy, Ovarian Torsion, Dermoid Cyst, Leiomyomata, and Endometriosis: A Case Report of a Pelvic Quintet.

The chances of a female of reproductive age presenting with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy are relatively low. Ectopic pregnancies make up 1-2% of all pregnancies and 20% of ectopic ruptures. The chances of a patient with an ovarian torsion with a dermoid cyst are also low. The incidence of ovarian torsions is 2-5%, and a dermoid cyst is found in 25% of all ovarian torsions. The odds of a single patient presenting with both a ruptured ectopic pregnancy and ovarian torsion with a dermoid cyst, along with other pathologies, including fibroids and endometriosis, are exceptionally improbable but not impossible. We present a case of a 32-year-old gravida 1 para 0000 (G1P0) female who presented to the emergency department (ED) after five weeks of amenorrhea with light vaginal bleeding and severe left lower quadrant abdominal pain. A transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) was performed and was questionable but unclear for an ectopic pregnancy. A diagnostic laparoscopy was indicated and confirmed the diagnoses of a left ruptured ectopic pregnancy with hemoperitoneum, right ovarian torsion with a right ovarian dermoid cyst, multiple subserosal leiomyomas, and endometriosis of the posterior cul-de-sac. Given the unclear TVUS results, the ultimate decision to perform a diagnostic laparoscopy was largely based on the patient's history and presenting symptoms. This case demonstrates a pelvic quintet, five rare pelvic anomalies, in a single patient who received a potentially lifesaving salpingectomy, right cystectomy, and right ovarian detorsion.

Sublingual Dermoid Cyst: A Rare Diagnosis.

The head and neck regions are rather uncommon for dermoid cysts. Dermoid cysts are among the rarest types of oral cysts, accounting for a very small proportion of cases in the oral cavity. They are thought to be caused by defective development along the embryonic lines of fusion, involving both ectodermal and endodermal elements. This case study details a 16-year-old girl who complained of a smooth, globular swelling that had been present for two months over the floor of the mouth and extending to her left submandibular region. Following ultrasonography (USG) confirmation, the patient underwent a full surgical excision, and the histological report revealed a sublingual dermoid cyst.

A rare case of inferior rectus dermoid cyst causing proptosis and optic neuropathy.

Purpose: To report a rare case of orbital dermoid cyst, involving the inferior rectus muscle, in a 26-year-old female presenting with proptosis and blurred vision in her right eye. Observations: The unique features of this case are discussed, including the location and contents of the cyst, the surgical approach, and the postoperative outcome. Conclusion and importance: The importance of considering dermoid cysts in the differential diagnosis of an orbital mass involving extraocular muscles and the need for a thorough evaluation to diagnose and manage these rare lesions.

Pediatric puzzle: Large ovarian dermoid cyst and markedly elevated CA 19-9 in an 8-year-old.

Background: Mature cystic teratomas, also known as dermoid cysts, are the most prevalent form of ovarian germ cell tumors. While they typically manifest in women of reproductive age, they can also occur in pediatric patients. These tumors are generally benign and comprise a diverse array of tissue types. However, large lesions, particularly those exceeding 10 cm in diameter, are infrequent and can present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Notably, elevated tumor markers, such as cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), are not commonly associated with mature cystic teratomas, rendering this case particularly unusual. Case presentation: The clinical case involved an 8-year-old female patient who presented with an exceptionally large ovarian teratoma, measuring 13 × 12 cm. While the prepubertal presentation of such tumors is not uncommon, the remarkable size of the lesion was an extraordinary occurrence. Preoperative evaluation revealed markedly elevated levels of CA 19-9, a tumor marker, at 297 U/mL-an atypical finding for mature cystic teratomas. Imaging studies identified a complex cystic adnexal mass, indicative of a teratoma. Consequently, a laparotomy was performed, revealing an intact, benign lesion that was successfully resected via cystectomy, with preservation of the ovary. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a mature cystic teratoma, without any evidence of malignant transformation. Notably, following the surgical intervention, the elevated CA 19-9 levels normalized, suggesting a potential association between the teratoma and the abnormal tumor marker levels. Discussion: This report delineates the surgical management and clinical course of an exceptionally large ovarian teratoma in a pediatric patient with abnormal preoperative tumor markers. Despite atypical features, the excellent prognosis following fertility-sparing resection underscores the significance of conservative treatment in young females. Conclusion: This case highlights the occurrence of a large mature cystic teratoma with elevated CA-19-9 in a pediatric patient with no complications such as torsion, rupture, or malignancy. The elevation in CA-19-9 likely relates directly to the teratoma itself. A conservative, fertility-sparing surgical approach proved effective, emphasizing the importance of careful preoperative evaluation and management in similar cases.

Quiste Dermoide presacro en un adulto. Reporte de un caso / Presacral dermoid cyst in an adult. Report of a case

Introducción: Durante el desarrollo embriológico, el espacio retrorrectal o presacro está ocupado por células pluripotenciales y, por tanto, puede contener un grupo heterogéneo de tumores. El quiste dermoide es una entidad muy rara dentro de este grupo de tumores. Descripción de caso: femenina de 36 años de edad, con sensación de pesadez en hipogastrio, dolor en sedestación, y cambios en patrón evacuatorio; se realizó palpación abdominal, tacto rectal positivo para masa blanda dolorosa; eco endoanal y resonancia evidenciaron lesión ocupante de espacio presacro. Se realizó exéresis completa vía abdominal, con diagnóstico histopatológico definitivo de quiste dermoide. Discusión: un tumor presacro involucra un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico debido a la gran variedad de diagnósticos diferenciales. En el presente caso se diagnosticó un quiste dermoide, tumor benigno, fuera de su localización habitual. Conclusión: los tumores retrorrectales son lesiones poco habituales, es necesaria la exéresis completa y su posterior estudio histopatológico, para establecer su naturaleza. (AU)

Introduction: During embryological development, the retrorectal or presacral space is occupiedby pluripotent cells and, therefore, may contain a heterogeneous group of tumors. The dermoid cyst is a very rare entity within this group of tumors. Materials and methods: We present a case of a 36-year-old female patient with a sensation of heaviness inthe hypogastrium. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in which presacral tumor was evident. Results: complete abdominal excision was performed, with a definitive histopathological diagnosis of dermoid cyst. Discussion: a presacral tumor involves a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to the great variety of differential diagnoses. The present case was diagnosed with a dermoid cyst, a benign tumor, outside its usual location. Conclusion: Retrorectal tumors are rare tumors, in which complete excision and histopathological report are necessary. (AU)

Pre-sternal Embryonic Dermoid Cyst: A Case Report.

Epidermoid and dermoid cysts are benign, usually slow-growing lesions classified as ectodermal inclusion cysts. These cysts form when epithelial remnants become trapped during the closure of the first and second branchial arch; however, a few cases are related to trauma or are iatrogenic. Diagnosis is made based on the cyst development history and imaging such as ultrasound. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice to avoid complications. We report a case report of a dermoid cyst in the pre-sternal region in a 17-year-old male patient.

An infected intradural dermoid cyst associated with a complete dermal sinus of the posterior cranial fossa: A case report and literature review.

Posterior fossa dermoid cysts are uncommon benign congenital abnormalities. Meningitis is seen as a primary symptom in these situations, more rarely we can find cerebral abscesses. In this case, we describe a 4-year-old Syrian boy who presented with headaches and frequent vomiting as his major complaints. No indication of cerebellar injury was present. He had signs of hydrocephalus like grade III bilateral papilledema but did not develop meningitis. The patient was diagnosed with a complete dermal sinus of the posterior cranial fossa in combination with an infected intradural dermoid cyst and a secondary abscess formation. In Conclusion, the preoperative diagnosis of infected dermoid cysts and dermal sinus tracts lacking signs of infection or meningitis poses challenges, particularly when accompanied by hydrocephalus that can resemble cerebellar tumors. Thorough preoperative assessment is vital for these complex cases.

Angiolipoleiomyoma of the Uterus with a Dermoid Cyst in the Right Ovary: An Unusual Association.

Angiolipoleiomyoma is a benign mesenchymal mass composed of smooth muscle, mature adipose tissue, and abnormal blood vessels. It is rarely diagnosed in uterine masses and its prevalence among benign uterine lesions is 0.06%. We report the case of a 40-year-old female presenting with a complaint of heavy menstrual bleeding. Computed tomography scan revealed a large uterine mass with the right ovarian cyst. Histopathological examination confirmed the nature of the lesion as a benign angiolipoleiomyoma with a dermoid cyst of the right ovary. This rare association is reported to apprise gynecologists to consider this unusual tumor during the management of uterine masses.

Ovarian Dermoid Cyst Trajectory in Premenarchal Girls.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Mature ovarian dermoid cysts (ODCs) are the most common benign ovarian tumors diagnosed in children. However, there is minimal data on management of ODCs in premenarchal patients. This study assesses characteristics associated with expectant (EM) vs surgical (SM) management in premenarchal patients and the growth rate of ODCs in EM patients at a single institution. METHODS: Forty-four premenarchal patients, either post-surgical with pathologically-confirmed ODC or having radiologic findings consistent with ODCs, were included. Data collected included demographics, cyst characteristics, imaging findings, presence of symptoms, surgical procedure performed, and ovarian torsion occurrence. RESULTS: Patient age at diagnosis was similar between groups (SM: 8.8 vs EM: 8.0, P = .55). At presentation, 36 patients (82%) underwent SM and 8 (18%) underwent EM. There was a significant difference in cyst size between groups (SM: 8.9 cm vs EM: 3.6 cm, P = .004). Of SM patients, 30% underwent oophorectomy vs cystectomy, with a significant difference in ODC size between procedures (11.8 cm vs 7.7 cm, P = .016). Of EM patients, 75% had at least one and 60% had three follow-up ultrasounds, with average follow-up timeframes of 3.7 and 27 months respectively. Average yearly ODC growth rate for the latter group was 0.8 cm. CONCLUSION: The average yearly growth rate of ODCs in premenarchal patients within our institution was slower than in older cohorts, and both age and cyst size played significant roles in determining surgical procedure. Continued study on EM in premenarchal ODCs will help define parameters for recommending SM vs EM in this population.

Choroid Plexus Papilloma Tumor of the Ovary: A Case Report.

This is a case report of a 19-year-old nulligravid patient with a choroid plexus papilloma tumor in a mature cystic teratoma in the right adnexal area. The patient, who had abdominal pain and dyspepsia, showed a 9 cm diameter mass with a solid/cystic component, initially interpreted as a dermoid cyst in the right adnexal region. Mature cystic teratoma is a benign germ cell tumor and is common in women during the reproductive period. However, choroid plexus papilloma is a rare brain tumor. The diagnosis of ovarian choroid plexus papilloma can be made with imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, and treatment is usually by surgical removal. Only four cases of ovarian teratoma with choroid plexus papilloma have been informed in the English literature, and this issue is the fifth.

A Rare Hybrid Skin Cyst of the Scalp With Pilar and Apocrine Features.

Benign epithelial skin cysts containing multiple components of the folliculo-sebaceous apocrine unit are only rarely reported in the literature. Here, we describe a 12-year-old girl who presented with a cystic mass on the vertex of her scalp. Upon resection, it showed a hybrid benign skin cyst with interesting histological features of both pilar and apocrine differentiation. The clinicopathological and imaging findings of this unusual skin cyst, successfully managed by a plastic surgeon and neurosurgeon, are described. Pathologists and clinicians should be aware of this type of skin cyst rarely encountered in their clinical practice.

Sublingual Dermoid in an Adult Patient.

Dermoid cysts in the floor of the mouth are a relatively rare and unusual site of location anomalies presumed to be caused by entrapment of germinal epithelium along the lines of embryonic fusion. It presents as soft, non-painful, and slowly growing swelling along the lines of fusion during the closure of mandibular and hyoid branch arches. These cysts are developmental and histopathologically classified into three types: epidermoid, dermoid, and teratoid. We are reporting a rare case of a 32-year-old female who presented in the outpatient department with complaints of painless swelling over the floor of the mouth for two years, suggesting a benign sublingual mass. This case report underscores the importance of clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and surgical approach in achieving successful outcomes for sublingual mass.

Retroperitoneal dermoid cyst complicated with uterine adenomyoma: a case report and literature review.

Pelvic masses frequently originate from the pelvic cavity and are often associated with uterine, ovarian, or intestinal disorders. This report describes the case of a patient with a pelvic mass diagnosed as a retroperitoneal dermoid cyst at our hospital. We analyzed this case and conducted a literature review, to mitigate the risk of misdiagnosis and enhance the treatment of retroperitoneal masses.

An Atypical Presentation of Cerebellar Abscess: A Case Report.

An infratentorial abscess is a medical emergency. Common sources of abscesses are otogenic foci, sinusitis, or dental abscess, rarely congenital defects like dermoid cysts with sinus along with cerebrospinal axis can lead to infratentorial abscess. This case report describes a four-year-old girl with pus discharging from the occipital area. Radiological imaging revealed a cerebellar abscess with the sinus tract open exteriorly through an occipital cortical defect with obstructive hydrocephalus. The patient underwent neurosurgical intervention followed by antibiotic therapy. Histopathology of the tissue sample was suggestive of a dermoid cyst. Congenital defects should not be ignored. All newborns should have a thorough physical examination to identify birth defects. As these defects can cause life-threatening complications, early recognition with early surgical intervention is the treatment of choice.

Neonatal Nasal Obstruction: A Comprehensive Analysis of Our 20 Years' Experience.

Neonates are obligatory nasal breathers hence nasal obstruction is a very important symptom to be evaluated. Although causes can be trivial most of the time, they can be life-threatening in some. Respiratory distress immediately after birth, feeding difficulties, paradoxical cyanosis, and failure to thrive are the most evident symptoms, and determination of unilateral or bilateral involvement guides the rationale for elective or emergency intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the causes, presentation, and management of neonates with nasal obstruction. We collected the data of all the neonates evaluated for nasal obstruction at our hospital over the past 20 years from June 2003 to May 2023 and assessed the strategy of approach for diagnosis and management of those cases. In our study, the commonest cause for neonatal nasal obstruction was found to be choanal atresia and the rarest was iatrogenic. A variety of other causes were also reported. As neonatal nasal obstruction has a multitude of rare causes each carries a unique assessment and treatment plan. History taking and clinical examination are the most important parts of evaluation including endoscopic evaluation in an office-based setup. Imaging studies add to the evaluation of cases of anatomical obstructions and associated anomalies (syndromes). Early diagnosis and swift intervention can be life-saving. The need for follow-up visits and second-stage corrections should be emphasized in getting the best long-term results.