Corneal endothelial changes seven years after phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term postoperative corneal changes after phacoemulsification cataract surgery. METHODS: Twenty patients who participated in a previous study regarding corneal endothelial changes after phacoemulsification cataract surgery were examined after 7 years. The patients were divided in three groups based on their initial increase in central corneal thickness day one after the surgery: < 5% increase, 6-20% increase and ≥ 20% increase. The primary outcome measures were corneal endothelial cell loss (ECL), endothelial cell count (ECC) and endothelial morphology. RESULTS: After 7 years, a difference in cell loss between the groups was observed, except for groups 1 and 2. Endothelial cell count (ECC) differed significantly between groups 1 and 3 at 3 months. At 7 years, there was no difference in ECC between the three groups. Cell loss was found exclusively in group 1 between 3 months and 7 years. Endothelial cell morphology showed a converging pattern between 3 months and 7 years. CONCLUSION: After phacoemulsification cataract surgery, long-term ECC and morphology appear to converge towards a comparable steady state regardless of initial corneal swelling and endothelial cell loss.

Corneal endothelial cell loss and intraocular pressure following phacoemulsification using a new viscous-cohesive ophthalmic viscosurgical device.

PURPOSE: To compare results of two ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs)-Viscoat (a dispersive OVD, Alcon) and FR-Pro (a viscous-cohesive OVD, Rayner), in phacoemulsification surgery. METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled study. Patients undergoing phacoemulsification were randomly assigned to receive one of the two OVDs. Exclusion criteria were age under 40, preoperative endothelial cell count (ECC) below 1,500 cells/mm2 and an eventful surgery. The primary outcome was change in ECC from baseline to postoperative month one and month three. Secondary outcomes were the difference between ECC at postoperative month one and month three, changes in IOP and occurrence of an IOP spike ≥ 30 mmHg after surgery. RESULTS: The study included 84 eyes-43 in the Viscoat group and 41 in the FR-Pro group. Mean cell density loss at month one and month three was 17.0 and 19.2%, respectively, for the Viscoat group and 18.4 and 18.8%, respectively, for the FR-Pro group, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.772 and p = 0.671, respectively). The mean ECC difference between the month one and month three visits was 50.5 cells/mm2 and was not statistically significant (p = 0.285). One eye in each group had an IOP spike ≥ 30 mmHg, both normalized by postoperative week one. CONCLUSIONS: Viscoat and FR-Pro have comparable results following phacoemulsification surgery, suggesting that while FR-Pro is not a dispersive OVD, its endothelial cell protection may be comparable to one, perhaps due to the addition of sorbitol. Furthermore, a one-month follow-up of ECC seems sufficient in such trials.

The relationship between systemic disorders and anatomical outcomes after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty / A relação entre distúrbios sistêmicos e resultados anatômicos para ceratoplastia endotelial da membrana de Descemet

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of anatomical outcomes and medications of patients with systemic diseases who underwent Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty with donor factors. Methods: Sixty nondiabetic donors of endothelial grafts and 60 patients who underwent operation by a single surgeon were included in this retrospective study. The patients' data, including the presence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, antidiabetic-antihypertensive medications, and intracameral tamponades and anatomical outcomes, were recorded. The donor data were obtained from eye bank records. Results: Eighteen patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus (30%) and 34 had hypertension (56.6%). Among the patients with diabetes mellitus, 13 were receiving a single-agent antidiabetic drug, 4 were receiving dual oral antidiabetic therapy, and 1 was receiving insulin therapy. Among the hypertensive patients, 11 had monotherapy and 23 had dual antihypertensive therapy. Postoperatively, 35 patients (58.3%) had an endothelial attachment, 8 (13.3%) received reinjection, 7 (11.7%) required re-Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty, and 10 (16.7%) underwent penetrating keratoplasty. The mean donor age was 51.2 ± 14.1 years. The most common cause of donor death was cardiopulmonary arrest (36/60 cases; 60.0%). Regression analysis revealed that the presence of diabetes mellitus significantly disrupted graft attachment (p=0.034), while the presence of hypertension, antidiabetic and antihypertensive medication use, and the type of tamponade used in the patients, and the age, sex, cause of death, and specular endothelial cell count of donors were not statistically significantly associated with graft attachment (p>0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the anatomical outcomes of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty surgery were affected by recipient and donor factors. The presence of diabetes mellitus in the recipient significantly negatively affected graft attachment.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a associação de desfechos ana tômicos com doenças sistêmicas e medicamentos em casos submetidos à ceratoplastia endotelial da membrana de Descemet e fatores relativos aos doadores. Métodos: Foram incluídos neste estudo retrospectivo enxertos obtidos de doadores não diabéticos e 60 casos operados por um único cirurgião. Foram registrados os dados dos casos, incluindo a presença de diabetes mellitus e hipertensão, medicamentos antidiabéticos e anti-hipertensivos, tamponamentos intracamerais e desfechos anatômicos. Os dados dos doadores foram obtidos dos prontuários do banco de olhos. Resultados: Dezoito casos tinham diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (30%) e 34 tinham hipertensão (56,6%). Entre os casos de diabetes mellitus, 13 estavam em uso de uma medicação antidiabética de agente único, 4 estavam em terapia antidiabética oral dupla e 1 estava em insulinoterapia. Entre os hipertensos, 11 estavam em monoterapia e 23 em terapia anti-hipertensiva dupla. No pós-operatório, 35 pacientes (58,3%) submeteram-se a uma fixação endotelial, enquanto 8 casos (13,3%) receberam reinjeção, 7 casos (11,7%) necessitaram de ceratoplastia endotelial da membrana de Descemet e 10 casos (16,7%) foram submetidos a uma ceratoplastia penetrante. A média de idade dos doadores foi de 51,2 ± 14,1 anos. A causa mais comum de morte do doador foi parada cardiorrespiratória (36/60 casos; 60,0%). A análise de regressão revelou que a presença de diabetes mellitus causa distúrbios significativos na fixação do enxerto (p=0,034), enquanto a presença de hipertensão, o uso de medicamentos antidiabéticos e anti-hipertensivos, o tipo de tamponamento usado, a idade, o sexo, a causa da morte e a contagem de células endoteliais especulares dos doadores não demonstraram associações estatisticamente significativas com a fixação do enxerto (p>0,05). Conclusões: Os resultados anatômicos da cirurgia de ceratoplastia endotelial da membrana de Descemet são afetados por fatores do receptor e do doador. A presença de diabetes mellitus no receptor teve um significativo impacto negativo na fixação do enxerto.

Microscopia endotelial manual y automatizada: estudio comparativo en adultos sin alteraciones corneales / Manual and automated endothelial microscopy in adults without corneal alterations

Objetivo: Comparar los resultados de los parámetros morfológicos y morfométricos del endotelio corneal a través de la microscopia especular a partir de la utilización del conteo manual y automatizado. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, de corte transversal de serie de casos en adultos sin alteraciones corneales, en el Servicio de Cirugía Refractiva del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", en el periodo comprendido de enero de 2019 a enero de 2020. Se estudiaron un total de 50 adultos (100 ojos), de los cuales 50 fueron ojos derechos y 50 ojos izquierdos. Se emplearon los porcentajes y los números absolutos para resumir las variables cualitativas. En el caso de las cuantitativas, se utilizó la media con su desviación estándar. Resultados: El 46 por ciento fue del sexo femenino y el 54 por ciento del sexo masculino. Los parámetros morfométricos, como la paquimetría central, fue igual en ambos conteos. A su vez, se obtuvieron mayores valores de densidad endotelial con el conteo automatizado. En los parámetros morfológicos se registró que la hexagonalidad fue superior en el conteo manual y el coeficiente de variabilidad en el conteo automatizado. Las diferencias más marcadas resultaron en el tamaño mínimo, en el máximo y en el promedio de las células endoteliales corneales, con variaciones entre los dos conteos. Conclusiones: Queda demostrado que tanto el conteo manual como el automatizado para el estudio del endotelio corneal pueden ser aplicados en la práctica oftalmológica(AU)

Objective: Compare the results of morphological and morphometric parameters of the corneal endothelium using specular microscopy with manual and automated counting. Methods: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted of a case series of adults without corneal alterations attending the Refractive Surgery Service at Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January 2019 to January 2020. A total 50 adults were studied (100 eyes: 50 right and 50 left). Percentages and absolute numbers were used to summarize qualitative variables, whereas quantitative variables were evaluated with means and standard deviations. Results: Of the patients studied, 46 percent were female and 54 percent were male. Morphometric parameters such as central pachymetry were the same in both countings. Automated counting yielded higher endothelial density values. Morphological parameters showed that hexagonality was greater in manual counting, whereas the coefficient of variability was greater in automated counting. The most obvious differences were observed in minimum size, maximum size and average corneal endothelial cells, with variations between the two countings. Conclusions: It was shown that both manual and automated counting may be used for examination of the corneal endothelium in ophthalmic practice(AU)