Inter-Day Variation in the Fasting Plasma Lipopolysaccharide Concentration in the Morning Is Associated with Inter-Day Variation in Appetite in Japanese Males: A Short-Term Cohort Study.

Injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a product of gut bacteria, into the blood increases blood triglycerides and cortisol, an appetite-stimulating hormone. Meanwhile, small amounts of LPS derived from gut bacteria are thought to enter the bloodstream from the gut in daily basis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LPS influx on appetite or lipid metabolism in humans in everyday life. We measured the fasting plasma LPS concentration before breakfast and the corresponding days' appetite and fat-burning markers for 10 days in four Japanese males (28-31 years) and analyzed the correlation of their inter-day variation. The LPS concentration was negatively correlated with fullness, and positively correlated with the carbohydrate intake. Against our hypothesis, the LPS concentration was positively correlated with the fasting breath acetone concentration, a fat-burning marker. There was a positive correlation between the LPS concentration and fasting body mass index (BMI), but the inter-day variation in BMI was slight. The results suggest that the LPS influx in everyday life is at least associated with appetite in the day.

A Novel Acetone Sensor for Body Fluids.

Ketones are well-known biomarkers of fat oxidation produced in the liver as a result of lipolysis. These biomarkers include acetoacetic acid and ß-hydroxybutyric acid in the blood/urine and acetone in our breath and skin. Monitoring ketone production in the body is essential for people who use caloric intake deficit to reduce body weight or use ketogenic diets for wellness or therapeutic treatments. Current methods to monitor ketones include urine dipsticks, capillary blood monitors, and breath analyzers. However, these existing methods have certain disadvantages that preclude them from being used more widely. In this work, we introduce a novel acetone sensor device that can detect acetone levels in breath and overcome the drawbacks of existing sensing approaches. The critical element of the device is a robust sensor with the capability to measure acetone using a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip and convenient data analysis from a red, green, and blue deconvolution imaging approach. The acetone sensor device demonstrated sensitivity of detection in the micromolar-concentration range, selectivity for detection of acetone in breath, and a lifetime stability of at least one month. The sensor device utility was probed with real tests on breath samples using an established blood ketone reference method.

Dietary supplements for lipedema.

Lipedema is a chronic disease that mostly manifests in females as the abnormal distribution of subcutaneous adipose connective tissue, usually coupled with bruising, pain, and edema. Lipedema molecular pathophysiology is currently not clear, but several studies suggest that genetics and hormonal imbalance participate in lipedema pathogenesis. Women with lipedema present in some cases with elevated body mass index, and the appearance of obesity in addition to lipedema, where the obesity can cause serious health issues as in lipedema-free individuals with obesity, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Unlike obesity, lipedema tissue does not respond well to diet or physical exercise alone. Therefore, in this review we discuss the effect of various dietary supplements that, along with diet and physical exercise, cause fat burning and weight loss, and which could potentially be important in the treatment of lipedema. Indeed, an effective fat burner should convert stored fats into energy, mobilize and break down triglycerides in adipocytes, boost metabolism and inhibit lipogenesis. Common ingredients of fat burning supplements are green tea, caffeine, chromium, carnitine, and conjugated linoleic acid. The use of fat burners could act synergistically with a healthy diet and physical exercise for decreasing adipose tissue deposition in patients with lipedema and resolve related health issues. The effects of fat burners in human studies are sometimes contradictory, and further studies should test their effectiveness in treating lipedema.

Halide salts induced the photodegradation of a fat-burning compound 2, 4-dinitrophenol by iron-montmorillonite.

Natural montmorillonite clay and anthropogenic organic pollutants frequently coexist in the estuarine environment where freshwater from rivers mixes with saltwater from the ocean. In this environment, the sharply changed aqueous chemistry especially salt content could significantly alter the photochemical behaviors of pollutants. However, this process was rarely investigated. In this study, the photodegradation of a representative anthropogenic weight-loss compound 2,4-dinitrophenol in the presence of Fe3+-montmorillonite and different halide salts was systematically investigated. Results show that 2,4-dinitrophenol was resistant to photodegradation by Fe3+-montmorillonite alone, but the presence of NaCl, NaBr, and sea salts in the system can evoke significant 2,4-dinitrophenol degradation. The enhancement effect was further elucidated as the replacement reaction between the clay associated Fe3+ and Na + which leads to the release of more interlayer Fe3+ from montmorillonite, resulting in increased production of high active hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) that can substantially damage 2,4-dinitrophenol molecule. In addition, halogen radicals from the reaction of halide ions with ˙OH were also confirmed to participate in 2,4-dinitrophenol degradation. Overall, this study implied that the changed salty condition in the estuarine water could induce the rapid transformation of organic pollutants that move from freshwater and have relatively stable photochemical properties.

Ejercicio y quema de grasa: ¿Comer o no comer antes de entrenar? / Exercise and fat burning: to eat or not to eat before training?

The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed to associate diet and exercise to handle the overweight prevalent in the population. The traditional exercise recommendation for fat burning is a moderate intensity session. In this condition fat oxidation during the activity reaches 6to 8 grams per minute, which is greatly diminished when previous carbohydrates is ingested. Another option recently studied as a strategy for managing overweight is strength training or intermittent high intensity efforts. In this condition glycogen depletion favors the use of adipose tissue as energy after the exercise. With this strategy it is not necessary fasting before training. Carbohydrates ingestion prior to the session will increase glycogen oxidation and promote greater fat oxidation after the exercise.

La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha propuesto asociar la dieta con el ejercicio para manejar el sobrepeso de la población. La recomendación tradicional de ejercicio para "quema" de grasa es una sesión de intensidad moderada. En esta condición la oxidación de grasa durante el esfuerzo puede llegar a 6-8 gramos por minuto, la que se reduce en forma significativa con una ingesta previa de carbohidratos. Otra opción recientemente estudiada como estrategia para el manejo del sobrepeso es el ejercicio de fortalecimiento muscular o esfuerzos intermitentes de alta intensidad. En esta condición la depleción glucogénica favorece la utilización del tejido adiposo como energía después de la sesión. Con esta estrategia no es necesario el ayuno previo e incluso es recomendable una ración de carbohidratos antes de la sesión para incrementar la oxidación de glucógeno durante el ejercicio, una mayor depleción y favorecer una mayor oxidación de tejido adiposo luego del esfuerzo.