The relationship between fermented and nonfermented dairy products consumption and hypertension among premature coronary artery disease patients: Iran premature coronary artery disease study.

Dairy products may affect hypertension (HTN) risk. The aim of this study was to examine the association between fermented and nonfermented dairy foods and HTN in a sample of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) subjects. This cross-sectional study was performed on 1854 PCAD patients. A 110-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intakes. HTN was considered if systolic blood pressure was 140 mmHg and higher and/or diastolic blood pressure was 90 mmHg and higher. The odds ratio of HTN across the quartiles of different types of dairy products was evaluated by binary logistic regression. The mean (SD) of dairy products consumption was 339.8 (223.5) g/day, of which 285.4 g/day was fermented dairy products. In the crude model, participants in the fourth quartile of fermented dairy products had lesser risk of HTN compared to the bottom quartile (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.96; p for trend = .058). However, after considering the possible confounders, the significance disappeared. Subjects in the top quartile of high-fat fermented dairy products had 34% lower risk for HTN compared to the bottom quartile (95% CI: 0.49, 0.88; p for trend < .001). Adjustment for potential risk factors weakened the association but remained significant (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.01; p for trend = .001). Nonsignificant relation was detected between low-fat fermented, low-fat nonfermented, and high-fat nonfermented dairy products and HTN. Moderate consumption of high-fat fermented dairy products, in a population with low consumption of dairy foods, might relate to reduced likelihood of HTN.

From Traditional Dairy Product "Katak" to Beneficial Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains.

Traditional milk products, widely consumed in many countries for centuries, have been drawing renewed attention in recent years as sources of bacteria with possible bioprotective properties. One such product for which only limited information exists is the traditional Bulgarian "katak". This fermented yogurt-like product, renowned for its taste and long-lasting properties, possesses specific sensory characteristics. In this study, 18 lactic acid bacteria (LABs) were isolated from artisanal samples made in the Northwest part of Bulgaria. A polyphasic taxonomic approach combining classical phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods, such as multiplex PCR, 16S rDNA sequencing, and MALDI-TOF MS, was applied, leading to the identification of 13 strains. The dominance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum was confirmed. In vitro tests with the identified strains in model systems showed a promising broad strain-specific spectrum of activity against food-borne and human pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli). Non-purified Lactobacillus postbiotics, produced during fermentation in skimmed and soya milks and in MRS broth, were estimated as limiting agents of virulence factors. The LAB's production of lactate, acetate, and butyrate is a promising probiotic feature. A further characterization of the active strains and analysis of the purified post-metabolites are needed and are still in progress.

Metagenomic Insights into the Taxonomic and Functional Features of Traditional Fermented Milk Products from Russia.

Fermented milk products (FMPs) contain probiotics that are live bacteria considered to be beneficial to human health due to the production of various bioactive molecules. In this study, nine artisanal FMPs (kefir, ayran, khurunga, shubat, two cottage cheeses, bryndza, khuruud and suluguni-like cheese) from different regions of Russia were characterized using metagenomics. A metagenomic sequencing of ayran, khurunga, shubat, khuruud and suluguni-like cheese was performed for the first time. The taxonomic profiling of metagenomic reads revealed that Lactococcus species, such as Lc. lactis and Lc. cremoris prevailed in khuruud, bryndza, one sample of cottage cheese and khurunga. The latter one together with suluguni-like cheese microbiome was dominated by bacteria, affiliated to Lactobacillus helveticus (32-35%). In addition, a high proportion of sequences belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Streptococcus but not classified at the species level were found in the suluguni-like cheese. Lactobacillus delbrueckii, as well as Streptococcus thermophilus constituted the majority in another cottage cheese, kefir and ayran metagenomes. The microbiome of shubat, produced from camel's milk, was significantly distinctive, and Lentilactobacillus kefiri, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens and Bifidobacterium mongoliense represented the dominant components (42, 7.4 and 5.6%, respectively). In total, 78 metagenome-assembled genomes with a completeness ≥ 50.2% and a contamination ≤ 8.5% were recovered: 61 genomes were assigned to the Enterococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Streptococcaceae families (the Lactobacillales order within Firmicutes), 4 to Bifidobacteriaceae (the Actinobacteriota phylum) and 2 to Acetobacteraceae (the Proteobacteria phylum). A metagenomic analysis revealed numerous genes, from 161 to 1301 in different products, encoding glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases predicted to participate in lactose, alpha-glucans and peptidoglycan hydrolysis as well as exopolysaccharides synthesis. A large number of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters, such as lanthipeptides, unclassified bacteriocins, nonribosomal peptides and polyketide synthases were also detected. Finally, the genes involved in the synthesis of bioactive compounds like ß-lactones, terpenes and furans, nontypical for fermented milk products, were also found. The metagenomes of kefir, ayran and shubat was shown to contain either no or a very low count of antibiotic resistance genes. Altogether, our results show that traditional indigenous fermented products are a promising source of novel probiotic bacteria with beneficial properties for medical and food industries.

Características físico-químicas e sensoriais de iogurte firme e sobremesa láctea fermentada com doce de caju / Physical-chemical and sensory characteristics of firm yogurt and fermented dairy dessert with cashew nuts

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e avaliar iogurte e sobremesa láctea fermentada adicionados de doce de caju. O doce foi elaborado com proporção para atingir 40ºBrix. O iogurte e a sobremesa láctea fermentada foram elaborados e avaliados quanto ao pH, acidez, proteína total, gordura, EST e cinzas após um dia de fabricação. A pós-acidificação foi avaliada durante 35 dias de armazenamento refrigerado. O teste de aceitação e intenção de compra foi realizado após 14 dias de armazenamento refrigerado. Os dados das características físico-químicas, pós-acidificação e avaliação sensorial foram analisados por Análise de Variância e teste de Tukey (p<0,05) ou análise de regressão. Os produtos atenderam os parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos exigidos pela legislação. Na pós-acidificação, o pH dos produtos reduziu ao longo do tempo e a acidez do iogurte foi superior da sobremesa láctea fermentada sendo em média 0,12% de ácido lático durante os 35 dias de armazenamento. O iogurte apresentou maior aceitação e intenção de compra que a sobremesa láctea fermentada. A fabricação dos produtos torna-se viável do ponto econômico, físico-químico e sensorial, além de agregar valor ao soro de leite e o caju.

The aim study was develop and evaluate yogurt and fermented dairy dessert added with cashew sweet. The sweet was prepared in proportion to 40ºBrix. The yogurt and fermented dairy dessert were evaluated for pH, acidity, total protein, fat, total solid and ash content after one day of manufacture. Post-acidification was evaluated during 35 days of refrigerated storage. The acceptance and purchase intention test was performed after 14 days of refrigerated storage. The results of physico-chemical characteristics, post-acidification and sensory evaluation were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and Tukey test (p<0.05) or regression analysis. The products is according the physico-chemical parameters required by the brazilian legislation. In post-acidification, the pH of the products decreased over time and acidity of yogurt was higher than fermented dairy dessert and the acidity on average 0.12% of lactic acid during the 35 days of storage. The yogurt presented a greater acceptance and intention to purchase than the fermented dairy dessert. The manufacture of the products showed viable from the economic point of view, physicochemical and sensorial, besides adding value to the whey and cashew.

Microbiological, physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of milk fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum / Caracterização microbiológica, físico-química e sensorial de leite fermentado com Lactobacillus plantarum

This study developed a fermented milk with Lactobacillus plantarum and evaluated its microbiological, physical-chemical and sensory characteristics during 70 days of storage at 10ºC. The study analyzed the counts of total viable cells, total and thermotolerant coliforms, yeast and mold; acidity, pH, ash, fat and total solids; sensory evaluation and purchase intention of the final product by consumers. Nutrition information was compared with seven commercial brands of fermented dairy products. The final formula contained 10% sugar, 6% milk powder and 4% microbial inoculum. The final product was fat-free. Acidity, ash content and total solids were stable during storage, unlike pH. No total or thermotolerant coliforms, yeast or mold were detected. L. plantarum counts ranged from 10.1 Log10 CFU mL-1 at the beginning to 8.9 Log10 CFU mL-1 at the end of the storage period. The product had good acceptance and high purchase intent. The nutrition information of fermented milk was similar to those of commercial brands evaluated. L. plantarum demonstrated good viability in fermented milk, and although not considered a probiotic food in Brazil, it is promising for the production of foods with functional properties and/or health claims.

Desenvolveu-se uma formulação de leite fermentado com Lactobacillus plantarum e avaliou-se seu comportamento microbiológico, físico -químico e sensorial durante 70 dias de armazenamento em refrigeração. Foi analisada a contagem total de células viáveis de Lactobacillus plantarum, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, e bolores e leveduras; acidez titulável, pH, teor de cinzas, gordura e extrato seco total; análise sensorial e intenção de compra do produto final. A informação nutricional do produto foi elaborada e comparada a sete leites fermentados. A formulação final conteve 10% de açúcar, 6% de leite em pó e 4% de inóculo microbiano. O produto final foi isento de gordura. A acidez, os teores de cinzas e o extrato seco total foram estáveis durante a estocagem, diferentemente do pH. Não foi detectada a presença de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, bolores e leveduras. A contagem do L. plantarum variou de 10,1 a 8,9 Log10 UFC mL-1, no início e final da estocagem. Obteve-se boa aceitação e intenção de compra do produto final. A informação nutricional do leite fermentado foi semelhante às marcas comerciais avaliadas. L. plantarum apresentou boa viabilidade em leite fermentado, e, embora não seja considerado um alimento probiótico no Brasil, o mesmo é promissor na produção de alimentos com propriedades funcionais e/ou de saúde.