Assessment of the Offensive Play in Elite Water Polo Using the Team Sport Assessment Procedure (TSAP) over an Entire Competitive Season.

In water polo, the team's technical and tactical performance is determined by the sum of the players' activities. This study aimed to investigate the playing offensive performance of an Italian First League team performed during all matches (n = 19) of the 2021/22 championship using the Team Sport Assessment Procedure (TSAP). For all subjects (n = 15), gaining possession of the ball (received balls (RB) and conquered balls (CB)) and disposing of the ball (neutral balls (NB); lost balls (LB); offensive ball (OB) and successful Shots (SS)) parameters, as well as volume of play (VP), efficiency index (EI) and performance score (PS) indexes, were analyzed in relation to the playing positions, season phase, match location and final score difference. Multiple linear regression showed a significant association between the playing position and VP and PS. Perimetral players showed the highest VP (65%) and PS (66%) values, and center defenders showed the highest values of CB (30%), while center forwards gained the highest amount of exclusion when handling the ball (48%). Although they were not significant, the other contextual factors showed that season phase and match location could affect the TSAP indexes. For water polo coaches, the TSAP represents an effective tool to assess how players interpret the match.

On-Match Impact and Outcomes of Scoring First in Professional European Female Football.

BACKGROUND: Scoring first seems to be a determinant in professional football playing; several factors could influence the development of the match and the outcome. This study aimed to identify which factors could influence scoring first and impact match outcomes in professional European female football. METHODS: There were 504 official matches held on 74 match days during the 2018-2019 professional female European football seasons (Primera Iberdrola, D1 Féminine, and Frauen-Bundesliga), analysed using a notational and inferential assessment. RESULTS: There was a direct positive relationship (p < 0.05) between scoring first and winning the match; 75.9% of the winning teams scored first. Moreover, those teams that usually scored first had a better final league classification (p < 0.05). These relationships were not influenced by home or away conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Scoring first is a determinant in the outcomes of professional European female football matches. Physical and tactical training and programming should focus on those variables, leading female teams to score first.

Integration of life cycle assessment (LCA) and modeling methods in investigating the yield and environmental emissions final score (EEFS) of carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) farms.

This study was conducted to investigate and predict the yield and environmental emissions final score (EEFS) of common carp fish farms in Shushtar county of Khuzestan province. The required data was collected from 115 carp fish farms selected by random sampling using face-to-face questionnaire and interview. The total input energy, the yield, and energy ratio were obtained as 293,127.95 MJ ha-1, 3389.28 kg ha-1, and 0.30, respectively. Electricity and feed consumption had the highest contributions to total input energy and environmental emissions. The normalization results showed that the marine aquatic ecotoxicity (MAET) and freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity (FAET) had the highest values among all impact categories with 671.50×10-9 and 152.60×10-9, respectively. Also, the EEFS was calculated per tons of carp fish as 7793.09 pPt. The comparison of results between the regression model and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) indicated that in prediction of the yield, the accuracy values (R2) of regression and ANFIS models were 0.87 and 0.99, respectively, while in prediction of EEFS, R2 of regression and ANFIS models were 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. In total, it was concluded that ANFIS model can predict the yield better than regression model.

Implementation of genomic recursions in single-step genomic best linear unbiased predictor for US Holsteins with a large number of genotyped animals.

The objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate an efficient implementation in the computation of the inverse of genomic relationship matrix with the recursion algorithm, called the algorithm for proven and young (APY), in single-step genomic BLUP. We validated genomic predictions for young bulls with more than 500,000 genotyped animals in final score for US Holsteins. Phenotypic data included 11,626,576 final scores on 7,093,380 US Holstein cows, and genotypes were available for 569,404 animals. Daughter deviations for young bulls with no classified daughters in 2009, but at least 30 classified daughters in 2014 were computed using all the phenotypic data. Genomic predictions for the same bulls were calculated with single-step genomic BLUP using phenotypes up to 2009. We calculated the inverse of the genomic relationship matrix GAPY(-1) based on a direct inversion of genomic relationship matrix on a small subset of genotyped animals (core animals) and extended that information to noncore animals by recursion. We tested several sets of core animals including 9,406 bulls with at least 1 classified daughter, 9,406 bulls and 1,052 classified dams of bulls, 9,406 bulls and 7,422 classified cows, and random samples of 5,000 to 30,000 animals. Validation reliability was assessed by the coefficient of determination from regression of daughter deviation on genomic predictions for the predicted young bulls. The reliabilities were 0.39 with 5,000 randomly chosen core animals, 0.45 with the 9,406 bulls, and 7,422 cows as core animals, and 0.44 with the remaining sets. With phenotypes truncated in 2009 and the preconditioned conjugate gradient to solve mixed model equations, the number of rounds to convergence for core animals defined by bulls was 1,343; defined by bulls and cows, 2,066; and defined by 10,000 random animals, at most 1,629. With complete phenotype data, the number of rounds decreased to 858, 1,299, and at most 1,092, respectively. Setting up GAPY(-1) for 569,404 genotyped animals with 10,000 core animals took 1.3h and 57 GB of memory. The validation reliability with APY reaches a plateau when the number of core animals is at least 10,000. Predictions with APY have little differences in reliability among definitions of core animals. Single-step genomic BLUP with APY is applicable to millions of genotyped animals.

Assigning unknown parent groups to reduce bias in genomic evaluations of final score in US Holsteins.

Assigning unknown parent groups (UPG) in mixed-model equations using single-step genomic BLUP was investigated to reduce bias and to increase accuracy in genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV). The original UPG were defined based on the animal's birth year and the sex of the animal's unknown parents. Combining the last 2 UPG for the animals' birth years and separating the UPG for US and non-US Holsteins were considered in the redefinition. A full data set in the 2011 national genetic evaluation of final score in US Holsteins was used to calculate estimated breeding values (EBV) for validation, and a subset of the 2011 data, which excluded phenotypes recorded after 2007, was used to calculate GEBV for all animals, including 34,500 genotyped bulls. The EBV and GEBV in 2007 were compared with EBV in the 2011 full data. The last group effects for unknown sires and dams were overestimated with the GEBV model using the reduced 2007 data. The genetic trends from EBV in 2011 and GEBV in 2007 with the original UPG in the last few years demonstrated inflation, whereas GEBV with the redefined UPG by combining the last 2 groups showed deflation. On the other hand, the redefined UPG by separating for US and non-US Holsteins reduced the bias in GEBV. Regression coefficients smaller than unity for GEBV for young genotyped bulls with no daughters in 2007 on progeny deviations in 2011 also indicated inflation. The redefining of UPG reduced bias and slightly increased accuracy in GEBV for both US and non-US genotyped bulls. Rank correlations between GEBV in 2007 and in 2011 with the redefined UPG were higher than those with no UPG and the original UPG, especially for non-US bulls. Redefining of UPG in genomic evaluation could improve reliability of GEBV and provide correct genetic trends.

Factor analysis of linear type traits and their relation with longevity in brazilian holstein cattle.

In this study we aimed to evaluate the reduction in dimensionality of 20 linear type traits and more final score in 14,943 Holstein cows in Brazil using factor analysis, and indicate their relationship with longevity and 305 d first lactation milk production. Low partial correlations (-0.19 to 0.38), the medium to high Kaiser sampling mean (0.79) and the significance of the Bartlett sphericity test (p<0.001), indicated correlations between type traits and the suitability of these data for a factor analysis, after the elimination of seven traits. Two factors had autovalues greater than one. The first included width and height of posterior udder, udder texture, udder cleft, loin strength, bone quality and final score. The second included stature, top line, chest width, body depth, fore udder attachment, angularity and final score. The linear regression of the factors on several measures of longevity and 305 d milk production showed that selection considering only the first factor should lead to improvements in longevity and 305 milk production.

Influência do desempenho tático sobre o resultado final em jogo reduzido de futebol / Influence of tactical performance over the final score of small-sided soccer matches

O estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência do desempenho tático sobre o resultado final em jogo reduzido de futebol. A amostra foi composta por 32 resultados da categoria sub-13, distribuídas em: 12 vitórias, 12 derrotas e 8 empates. Para obter o desempenho tático dos jogadores, foram analisadas 5004 ações táticas. O instrumento utilizado para recolha e análise dos dados foi o Sistema de Avaliação Tática no Futebol "FUT-SAT". Foi utilizado o teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov para análise da distribuição dos dados e teste Anova one-way para comparação dos resultados obtidos, com nível de significância de 0,05. Foi verificada diferença significativa do Empate sobre Derrota e Vitória. Os menores valores de desempenho ofensivo e maior valor de Contenção podem ter influenciado o Empate. O maior valor de Mobilidade e Unidade Ofensiva pode ter determinado a Vitória. Concluiu-se que o desempenho tático influenciou os resultados de Empate e Vitória.

The study aimed to examine the influence of tactical performance over the final score of small-sided soccer matches. The sample comprised 32 U-13 level final scores, divided into: 12 wins, 12 defeats and 8 draws. In order to obtain players' tactical performance, 5004 tactical actions were analyzed. FUT-SAT was used for data collection and analysis. The Komolgorov-Smirnov test was used to analyze data distribution and One-Way ANOVA was applied to compare the obtained results, with a significance level of 0.05. Significant differences were found between "Draw" over "Defeat" and "Win". The lower value of Mobility and Offensive Unity may have determined "Win". It is concluded that tactical performance influenced the final scores of "Draw" and "Win".