An effective procedure used metal-organic framework for determination of cadmium ions in real tap water and human blood plasma samples.

A newly developed 2H5MA-MOF sensor by covalently linking NH2-MIL-53(Al) with 2'-Hydroxy-5'-methylacetophenon, designed for highly sensitive and selective detection of Cd2+ ions using fluorometric methods. Detailed structural and morphological analyses confirmed the sensor's unique properties. It demonstrated an impressive linear detection range from 0 to 2 ppm, with an exceptionally low detection limit of 5.77 × 10-2 ppm and a quantification limit of 1.75 × 10-1 ppm, indicating its high sensitivity (R2 = 0.9996). The sensor also responded quickly, detecting Cd2+ within just 30 s at pH 4. We successfully tested it on real samples of tap water and human blood plasma, achieving recovery rates between 96 % and 104 %. The accuracy of these findings was further validated by comparison with ICP-OES. Overall, the 2H5MA-MOF sensor shows great potential for fast, ultra-sensitive, and reliable detection of Cd2+ ions, making it a promising tool for environmental and biomedical applications.

Investigation on cost-effective composites for CO2 adsorption from post-gasification residue and metal organic framework.

Cost-effective CO2 adsorbents are gaining increasing attention as viable solutions for mitigating climate change. In this study, composites were synthesized by electrochemically combining the post-gasification residue of Macadamia nut shell with copper benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (CuBTC). Among the different composites synthesized, the ratio of 1:1 between biochar and CuBTC (B 1:1) demonstrated the highest CO2 adsorption capacity. Under controlled laboratory conditions (0°C, 1 bar, without the influence of ambient moisture or CO2 diffusion limitations), B 1:1 achieved a CO2 adsorption capacity of 9.8 mmol/g, while under industrial-like conditions (25°C, 1 bar, taking into account the impact of ambient moisture and CO2 diffusion limitations within a bed of adsorbent), it reached 6.2 mmol/g. These values surpassed those reported for various advanced CO2 adsorbents investigated in previous studies. The superior performance of the B 1:1 composite can be attributed to the optimization of the number of active sites, porosity, and the preservation of the full physical and chemical surface properties of both parent materials. Furthermore, the composite exhibited a notable CO2/N2 selectivity and improved stability under moisture conditions. These favorable characteristics make B 1:1 a promising candidate for industrial applications.

Pb-based metal organic framework as substrate: Chemical vapor generation-visual/smartphone colorimetric analytical system for sensitive and selective detection of sulfide ion in water and beers.

A visual/smartphone colorimetric system was developed for the sensitive and selective detection of sulfide ion (S2-) using chemical vapor generation (CVG) as a gaseous sampling technique. S2- in samples were converted into H2S after the addition of H2SO4, which separated from the solution during CVG process, ensuring high efficiency of vapor generation (sensitivity) and eliminated interferences (selectivity). The H2S was subsequently reacted with Pb-BTC and PbS was thus formed, causing the test paper turned to black. It was utilized for the detection of S2- by visual/smartphone colorimetric system. Detectable limits of 0.05 µg/mL and 0.2 µg/mL were obtained under smartphone mode and visual mode, respectively. Furthermore, this colorimetric system was successfully used for the analysis of S2- in several beer samples and water samples, with recoveries ranging 97 %-111 %. This system represents a potential miniaturized, easy used and high-effective method for rapid and on-site detection of S2-.

Rational Matching of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Polymers in Mixed Matrix Membranes for Efficient Propylene/Propane Separation.

The exploitation of high-performance membranes selective for propylene is important for developing energy-efficient propylene/propane (C3H6/C3H8) separation technologies. Although metal-organic frameworks with a molecular sieving property have been considered promising filler materials in mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs), their use in practical applications has been challenging due to a lack of interface compatibility. Herein, we adopted a surface coordination strategy that involved rationally utilizing carboxyl-functionalized PIM-1 (cPIM) and ZIF-8 to prepare a mixed-matrix membrane for efficient propylene/propane separation. The interfacial coordination between the polymer and the MOF improves their compatibility and eliminates the need for additional modification of the MOF, thereby maximizing the inherent screening performance of the MOF filler. Additionally, the utilization of porous PIM-1 guaranteed the high permeability of the MMMs. The obtained MMMs exhibited excellent separation performance. The 30 wt% ZIF-8/cPIM-1 membrane performed the best, exhibiting a high C3H6 permeability of 1023 Barrer with a moderate C3H6/C3H8 selectivity of 13.97 under 2 bars of pressure. This work presents a method that can feasibly be used for the preparation of defect-free MOF-based MMMs for specific gas separations.

Post-synthetic modification fluorescence UiO-66-Eu immunochromatography for high-performance detection of sodium pentachlorophenoate.

Sodium pentachlorophenate (PCP) is widely used as a herbicide, fungicide, or molluscicide. It is highly toxic, easily soluble in water, making it highly prone to diffusion and causing water and soil pollution. Through the food chain, it enters animal bodies and remains in food, causing toxicity to humans and animals. Therefore, establishing a rapid and simple detection method for PCP is crucial for human health and environmental protection. Herein, lanthanide metal Eu3+ was introduced into UiO-66-(COOH)2 by post-synthesis modification, and the nanomaterials prepared based on this method have the advantages of both UiO-66-(COOH)2 and Eu3+. The rigid skeleton structure of UiO-66-(COOH)2 can protect the activity of antibody, the detection environment pH tolerance range of UiO-66-Eu is 3-11. While Eu3+ has long fluorescence lifetime, high fluorescence intensity, high signal-to-noise ratio, and low photobleaching rate. UiO-66-Eu-based immunochromatography assay was successfully applied in PCP detection with the detection limits of 0.84, 0.98, and 0.37 µg/kg for pork, chicken, and shrimp, respectively, which was up to 10-fold more sensitive than the reported ICAs. The recoveries ranged from 79.7 %-113.1 %, with the coefficient of variation from 6.6 %-17.1 %. Parallel detection of 30 samples by LC-MS/MS showed a good correlation with that of our proposed method (R2 >0.98). This work not only provides a creative attempt for UiO-66-Eu based highly sensitive and strongly tolerant ICAs, but also guarantees human health and environmental protection.

Origin of Enhanced Oxygen Evolution in Restructured Metal-Organic Frameworks for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis.

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), praised for structural flexibility and tunability, are prominent catalyst prototypes for exploring oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Yet, their intricate transformations under OER, especially in industrial high-current environments, pose significant challenges in accurately elucidating their structure-activity correlation. Here, we harnessed an electrooxidation process for controllable MOF reconstruction, discovering that Fe doping expedites Ni(Fe)-MOF structural evolution, accompanied by the elongation of Ni-O bonds, monitored by in-situ Raman and UV-visible spectroscopy. Theoretical modeling further reveals that Fe doping and defect-induced tensile strain in the NiO6 octahedra augments the metal ds-Op hybridization, optimizing their adsorption behavior and augmenting OER activity. The reconstructed Ni(Fe)-MOF, serving as the anode in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis, achieves a noteworthy current density of 3.3 A cm-2 at 2.2 V while maintaining equally stable operation for 160 h spanning from 0.5 A cm-2 to 1 A cm-2. This undertaking elevates our comprehension of OER catalyst reconstruction, furnishing promising avenues for designing highly efficacious catalysts across electrochemical platforms.

Dramatically Enhancing Multiphoton Harvesting Metal-Organic Frameworks for NIR-II Photocatalysis through Functional Regulation of Octupolar Molecules.

The development of effective multiphoton absorption (MPA) materials for near-infrared (NIR) light-driven photocatalysis holds great significance. In this study, we incorporated two multibranched cyclometallated iridium(III) modules with varying degrees of conjugation onto MPA-inert metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to active MPA performance. Subsequently, the MOFs were further modified with Co(II) and hyaluronic acid (HA) to fabricate MINCH and MISCH, respectively. By introducing octupolar molecules and expanding the conjugation, MISCH exhibited a larger MPA cross section for efficient NIR light absorption and improved carrier transfer, leading to outstanding NIR light-driven multiphoton photocatalytic hydrogen production. Moreover, the HA modification enabled MISCH to achieve specific multiphoton photocatalytic hydrogen therapy for cancer cells. This study provides valuable insights into constructing highly active MPA materials for NIR light-driven photocatalysis, presenting a potential platform for hydrogen therapy in tumor treatment.

Enhanced mineralization of pharmaceutical residues at circumneutral pH by heterogeneous electro-Fenton-like process with Cu/C catalyst.

Conventional electro-Fenton (EF) process at acidic pH ∼3 is recognized as a highly effective strategy to degrade organic pollutants; however, homogeneous metal catalysts cannot be employed in more alkaline media. To overcome this limitation, pyrolytic derivatives from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising heterogeneous catalysts. Cu-based MOFs were prepared using trimesic acid as the organic ligand and different pyrolysis conditions, yielding a set of nano-Cu/C catalysts that were analyzed by conventional methods. Among them, XPS revealed the surface of the Cu/C-A2-Ar/H2 catalyst was slightly oxidized to Cu(I) and, combined with XRD and HRTEM data, it can be concluded that the catalyst presents a core-shell structure where metallic copper is embedded in a carbon layer. The antihistamine diphenhydramine (DPH), spiked into either synthetic Na2SO4 solutions or actual urban wastewater, was treated in an undivided electrolytic cell equipped with a DSA-Cl2 anode and a commercial air-diffusion cathode able to electrogenerate H2O2. Using Cu/C as suspended catalyst, DPH was completely degraded in both media at pH 6-8, outperforming the EF process with Fe2+ catalyst at pH 3 in terms of degradation rate and mineralization degree thanks to the absence of refractory Fe(III)-carboxylate complexes that typically decelerate the TOC abatement. From the by-products detected by GC/MS, a reaction sequence for DPH mineralization is proposed.

Double hook-type aptamer-based colorimetric and electrochemical biosensor enables rapid and robust analysis of EpCAM expression.

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which is overexpressed in breast cancer cells and participates in cell signaling, migration, proliferation, and differentiation, has been utilized as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic prognosis. Here, a dual-signal readout nonenzymatic aptasensor is fabricated for the evaluation of EpCAM at the level of three breast cancer cell lines. The central principle of this enzyme-free aptasensor is the use of double hook-type aptamers (SYL3C and SJ3C2)-functionalized magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) as capture probes and quasi-CoFe prussian blue analogs (QCoFe PBAs) as nonenzymatic signal probes for colorimetric and electrochemical analysis. Following ligand detachment, the CoFe PBA was transformed to QCoFe PBA (calcined at 350 °C for 1 h), with its metal active sites exposed by controllable pyrolysis. We found that the enhanced sensitivity was attributed to the resonance effect of QCoFe PBA with the remarkable enzymatic properties. The dual-signal readout nonenzymatic aptasensor exhibited limits of detection for EpCAM as low as 0.89 pg mL-1 and 0.24 pg mL-1, within a wide linear range from 0.001 to 100 ng mL-1, respectively. We successfully employed this nonenzymatic aptasensor for monitoring EpCAM expression in three breast cancer cell lines, which provides an economical and robust alternative to costly and empirical flow cytometry. The dual-signal readout nonenzymatic aptasensor provides rapid, robust, and promising technological support for the accurate management of tumors.

Singlet oxygen dominant-activation by hollow structural cobalt-based MOF/peroxymonosulfate system for micropollutant removal.

Despite the keen interest in potentially using the metal-organic framework (MOF) in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), their application for environmental abatement and the corresponding degradation mechanisms have remained largely elusive. This study explores the use of cobalt-based MOF (CoMOF) for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to remove tetracycline (TC) from water resources. Under optimal conditions, the given catalytic system could achieve a TC removal of 83.3%. Radical quenching tests and EPR analysis revealed that SO4•-, HO•, •O2-, and 1O2 could participate in the catalytic degradation, but the discernible removal mechanism was mainly ascribed to the nonradical pathway induced by 1O2. At only 5 mg/L of CoMOF, the performance of the catalytic system was superior to that of PMS alone for different types of micropollutants. The CoMOF/PMS system could also reliably deal with typical anions in water, such as Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, and PO43-. The MOF catalyst could last for four cycles with a minor decrease in reactivity of ∼30%. However, the removal performance decreased markedly when aromatic natural organic matter (NOM) were present in the water bodies, and the effectiveness was lower in alkaline or acidic environments. Our work offers insights into the catalytic degradation of CoMOF/PMS applied in contaminated water remediation and serves as a baseline for fabricating an efficient MOF with enhanced catalytic performance and stability.

Construction of three-dimensional proton-conduction networks with functionalized PU@PAN/UiO-66 nanofibers for proton exchange membranes.

Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) play an important role in fuel cells. For realizing a nanofiber (NF) structure design in PEMs, the material should have tunable pores and a high specific area. In this study, we attempt to design a novel NF with synergistic architecture doped MOF for constructing three-dimensional (3D) proton conduction networks in PEMs. In this framework, UiO-66-COOH serves as a platform for proton sites to synergistically promote proton conductivity via polyvinylpyrrolidone dissolution, hydrolyzation of polyacrylonitrile, and sulfamic acid functionalization of the shell-layer NF. Benefiting from enriched proton-transfer sites in NFs, the obtained composite membrane overcomes the trade-off among proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and mechanical stability. The composite membrane with 50 % fiber (Nafion/S@NF-50) exhibited a high proton conductivity of 0.212 S cm-1 at 80 °C and 100 % relative humidity, suppressed methanol permeability of 0.66 × 10-7 cm2 s-1, and the maximum power density of direct methanol fuel cell is 182.6 mW cm-2. Density functional theory was used to verify the important role of sulfamic acid in proton transfer, and the activation energy barriers under anhydrous and hydrous conditions are only 0.337 and 0.081 kcal, respectively. This study opens up new pathways for synthesizing NF composite PEMs.

Controllable Synthesis of Manganese Organic Phosphate with Different Morphologies and Their Derivatives for Supercapacitors.

Morphological control of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) at the micro/nanoscopic scale is critical for optimizing the electrochemical properties of them and their derivatives. In this study, manganese organic phosphate (Mn-MOP) with three distinct two-dimensional (2D) morphologies was synthesized by varying the molar ratio of Mn2+ to phenyl phosphonic acid, and one of the morphologies is a unique palm leaf shape. In addition, a series of 2D Mn-MOP derivatives were obtained by calcination in air at different temperatures. Electrochemical studies showed that 2D Mn-MOP derivative calcined at 550 °C and exhibited a superior specific capacitance of 230.9 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 in 3 M KOH electrolyte. The aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor and the constructed flexible solid-state device demonstrated excellent rate performance. This performance reveals the promising application of 2D Mn-MOP materials for energy storage.

Virucidal activity of porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks against highly pathogenic coronaviruses and hepatitis C virus.

The antiviral effect of four porphyrin-based Metal-Organic Frameworks (PMOFs) with Al and Zr, namely Al-TCPP, PCN-222, PCN-223 and PCN-224 was assessed for the first time against HCoV-229E, two highly pathogenic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Infection tests in vitro were done under dark or light exposure for different contact times, and it was found that 15 min of light exposure were enough to give antiviral properties to the materials, therefore inactivating HCoV-229E by 99.98 % and 99.96 % for Al-TCPP and PCN-222. Al-TCPP diminished the viral titer of SARS-CoV-2 greater than PCN-222 in the same duration of light exposure, having an effect of 99.95 % and 93.48 % respectively. Next, Al-TCPP was chosen as the best candidate possessing antiviral properties and was tested against MERS-CoV and HCV, showcasing a reduction of infectivity of 99.28 % and 98.15 % respectively for each virus. The mechanism of the antiviral activity of the four PMOFs was found to be the production of singlet oxygen 1O2 from the porphyrin ligand TCPP when exposed to visible light, by using sodium azide (NaN3) as a scavenger, that can later attack the phospholipids on the envelope of the viruses, thus preventing their entry into the cells.

Light-Up Fluorescence and Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Achiral Interlocked Framework via Adaptive Lone Pair-π Interaction Confinement.

Interactions between lone pairs and aromatic π systems are significant across biology and self-assembled materials. Herein, employing an achiral confinement metal-organic framework (MOF) encapsulates guest molecules, it is successfully realized that lone pair (lp)-π interaction induces fluorescence "turn-on" and circularly polarized luminescence for the first time. The MOFs synthesized based on naphthalenediimide show nearly non-emissive, which can be light-up by introducing acetone or ester guests containing lone pairs-π interaction. Furthermore, the introduction of a series of lp-rich chiral esters induces supramolecular chirality as well as circularly polarized luminescence in achiral MOFs, while also observing chiral adaptability. This work first demonstrates the luminescence and chiral induction via lone pair electrons-π interactions, presenting a fresh paradigm for the advancement of chiroptical materials.

Digitonin-Loaded Nanoscale Metal-Organic Framework for Mitochondria-Targeted Radiotherapy-Radiodynamic Therapy and Disulfidptosis.

The efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) is limited by inefficient X-ray absorption and reactive oxygen species generation, upregulation of immunosuppressive factors, and a reducing tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, the design of a mitochondria-targeted and digitonin (Dig)-loaded nanoscale metal-organic framework, Th-Ir-DBB/Dig, is reported to overcome these limitations and elicit strong antitumor effects upon low-dose X-ray irradiation. Built from Th6O4(OH)4 secondary building units (SBUs) and photosensitizing Ir(DBB)(ppy)2 2+ (Ir-DBB, DBB = 4,4'-di(4-benzoato)-2,2'-bipyridine; ppy = 2-phenylpyridine) ligands, Th-Ir-DBB exhibits strong RT-radiodynamic therapy (RDT) effects via potent radiosensitization with high-Z SBUs for hydroxyl radical generation and efficient excitation of Ir-DBB ligands for singlet oxygen production. Th-Ir-DBB/Dig releases digitonin in acidic TMEs to trigger disulfidptosis of cancer cells and sensitize cancer cells to RT-RDT through glucose and glutathione depletion. The released digitonin simultaneously downregulates multiple immune checkpoints in cancer cells and T cells through cholesterol depletion. As a result, Th-Ir-DBB/dig plus X-ray irradiation induces strong antitumor immunity to effectively inhibit tumor growth in mouse models of colon and breast cancer.

Hierarchically spherical assembly of carbon nanorods derived from metal-organic framework as solid-phase microextraction coating for nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon analysis.

Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are pervasive contaminants in aquatic environments. They are characterized by persistence, toxicity, bioaccumulation, and long-range transport, significantly threatening human health. The development of sensitive methods for nitro-PAH analysis in environmental samples is in great need. This study developed a novel carbonaceous SPME coating derived from metal-organic framework (MOF), namely a spherical assembly consisting of carbon nanorods with hierarchical porosity (HP-MOF-C), for the extraction and determination of nitro-PAHs in waters. The HP-MOF-C coated fiber demonstrated superior nitro-PAH extraction efficiencies, with enrichment factors 2∼70 times higher than commercial fibers. This enhancement was due to the strong hydrophobic, π-π electron coupling/stacking, and π-π electron donor-acceptor interactions between the carbonaceous framework of HP-MOF-C and the nitro-PAHs. Moreover, the unique hierarchical porous structure of HP-MOF-C accelerated the diffusion of nitro-PAHs, further facilitating their enrichment. The fiber also exhibited good thermal stability, remarkable chemical stabilities against common acid, base, and polar/non-polar solvents, and long service life (> 150 SPME cycles). The nitro-PAH determination method based on HP-MOF-C coating yielded wide linear ranges, low detection limits (0.4∼5.0 ng L-1), satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility, and good recoveries in real water samples. The proposed method was considered to be green according to the Analytical GREEnness assessment. The present study not only offers an efficient SPME coating for the enrichment of nitro-PAHs, but also provides insights into the design of porous coating materials.

Enzymeless detection and real-time analysis of intracellular hydrogen peroxide released from cancer cells using gold nanoparticles embedded bimetallic metal organic framework.

Abnormal cell growth and proliferation can lead to tumor formation and cancer, one of the most fatal diseases worldwide. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has emerged as a cancer biomarker, with its concentration being crucial for distinguishing cancer cells from normal cells. Herein, a cost-effective and enzymeless electrochemical sensing system for the monitoring of intracellular H2O2 has been constructed. The sensor is fabricated using gold nanoparticles embedded bimetallic copper/nickel metal organic framework (Au-CNMOF) immobilized reduced graphene oxide (RGO) modified screen printed electrode (SPE). The synthesized materials were characterized and confirmed by XRD, FTIR, SEM with EDS, and electrochemical analysis. The fabricated sensor displayed a redox peak at a formal potential (E°) of -0.155 V, corresponding to CuII/I redox couple of CNMOF in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. Electrochemical investigations revealed that the proposed sensor has a large electrochemical active surface area (1.113 cm2) and a higher surface roughness (5.67). Additionally, the sensor demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2 at -0.3 V, over a wide linear detection range from 28.5 µM to 4.564 mM with a limit of detection of 4.2 µM (S/N=3). Furthermore, the proposed sensor exhibits excellent stability, repeatability, reproducibility, and good anti-interference activity. Ultimately, the sensor was validated through real-time analysis of H2O2 released from cancer cells, successfully quantifying the released H2O2. The developed sensor holds great promise for real-time H2O2 analysis, with potential applications in clinical diagnostics, biological research and environmental monitoring.

Promoting capillary microextraction of six organic nitrogen pesticides in water samples using versatile ZIF-8 hybrid monolithic column.

Because of rapid industrialization and agriculturalization, solving the pressing problems of environment pollution, especially water and food quality, requires innovative solutions. In this paper, a novel and versatile metal-organic framework (ZIF-8)-hybrid monolithic column (ZIF-HMC) was prepared for in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) of organic nitrogen pesticides (ONPs). The prepared monolithic columns had superior adsorption sites, high porosity, excellent permeability, and ideal specific surface area based on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and N2 adsorption-desorption. The ZIF-HMC contained a large number of nitrogen and oxygen atoms, benzene rings and ZIF-8, which could synergistically promote the adsorption efficiency of ONPs through multiple interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, π-π accumulation, hydrophobic interactions, cation-π interactions, and pore adsorption by MOFs. Under the optimal conditions, a simple, efficient, and sensitive method for the analysis of six organic pesticides in environmental water samples was developed by using the ZIF-HMC as the extraction medium coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV). The method had a wide linear range (0.63-1000 µg L-1), a low detection limit (0.19-1.91 µg L-1) and satisfactory recoveries (87.4 %-110.2 %), the linear correlation coefficient was (R2) 0.9972-0.9995 and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 2.64 %. The study had demonstrated the potential application of the developed method for the enrichment and analysis of organic pesticides in complex matrices of environmental samples, as well as the feasibility of MOFs materials for IT-SPME sample preparation.

Gelatin-carboxymethyl cellulose/iron-based metal-organic framework nanocomposite hydrogel as a promising biodegradable fertilizer release system: Synthesis, characterization, and fertilizer release studies.

Application of fertilizers is a routine method in agriculture to increase the fertility of plants However, conventional fertilizers have raised serious health and environmental problems in recent years. Therefore, the development of biodegradable superabsorbent hydrogels based on natural polymers with the capability for fertilizer controlled release has attracted much interest. In the current research, a novel nanocomposite hydrogel based on gelatin and carboxymethyl cellulose polymers enriched with an iron based metal- organic framework (MIL-53 (Iron)) was prepared. The prepared nanocomposite hydrogel was loaded with NPK fertilizer to obtain a slow release fertilizer system. The structural properties of the nanocomposite hydrogel were investigated using FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. The swelling and fertilizer release behavior of the nanocomposite hydrogel were evaluated in conditions. Results showed that by adding iron-based metal organic framework to the hydrogel matrix, the water absorption capacity of the hydrogel system was increased to 345.8 (g/g). Fertilizer release studies revealed that the release of fertilizer from the nanocomposite matrix has a slow and continuous release pattern. Therefore, the synthesized nanocomposite has an appropriate strength and high potential to be used as a slow-release fertilizer system.

Fe-MOFs nanosheets for photo-Fenton degradation of carbamazepine.

Iron(II)-based metal organic framework (Fe(II)-MOF) nanosheets have emerged as promising candidates for photo-Fenton catalysis. However, efficiently synthesizing Fe(II)-MOF nanosheets remains a significant challenge. Here, a bottom-up synthesis strategy is proposed to prepare two-dimensional Fe-MOF nanosheets (TFMN) with micrometer lateral dimensions and nanometer thickness, featuring Fe(II) as the metal nodes. The application of TFMN in the photo-Fenton degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) demonstrates remarkable CBZ degradation performance and excellent efficiency across a wide range of pH values. The electron density and density of states are further calculated by density functional theory. Mechanism analysis identifies h+, •OH and •O2- as the predominant active species contributing to the catalytic oxidation process in the Vis/TFMN/H2O2 system.