Clarifying the relationship between insecure attachment and problematic social media use across platforms: a network analysis.

BACKGROUND: Despite evidence suggesting that insecure attachment is a significant risk factor for Problematic Social Media Use (PSMU), there remains a lack of comprehensive studies exploring this relationship, and a unified understanding of its role has yet to be established. METHODS: We employed network analysis to construct an integrated model for examining the complex interrelations between negative emotions, trait and state attachment, motives, and PSMU across three platforms (i.e., WeChat, Sina Weibo, and TikTok), as well as for identifying potential mediating variables between attachment and PSMU. Data were collected from 685 young adults via online self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS: We found that negative emotions are positively correlated with insecure trait and state attachment but have a negligible direct relationship with PSMU. The conformity motive and state attachment security emerged as important central nodes when measured by strength, closeness, and betweenness. Moreover, attachment states and motives were found to be clustered. Such strong interrelationships were also evident between insecure attachment and PSMU, while trait attachment anxiety and avoidance were observed to be related to PSMU across various platforms. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings promote a deeper understanding of the relationship between insecure attachment and PSMU from a cross-platform perspective and offer novel insights into the mechanisms underlying their co-occurrence, which may guide the development of effective interventions for healthier social media engagement.

The relationship between risk perceptions and negative emotions in the COVID-19: a meta-analysis.

Background: COVID-19, as a significant public health issue, has had a major impact on the mental health of people worldwide. Research shows a significant positive correlation between individuals' risk perception levels and negative emotions during the outbreak of COVID-19. However, some studies also suggest that the relationship between the two is not significant. Therefore, we will conduct a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between risk perception and negative emotions from cultural, temporal, and individual psychological perspectives. Methods: Searches were conducted in the Web of Science, Pub Med, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, focusing on publications from January 2020 onwards, specifically targeting studies examining the relationship between risk perception and negative emotion during COVID-19. Results: A total of 58 papers with 85 effect sizes were meta-analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0 software, with a combined sample of 83,948 individuals. Risk perception of COVID-19 showed a moderate positive correlation with negative emotions (r = 0.211, 95%CI [0.18, 0.24]). There was no moderating effect of tight-loose cultures on the relationship between risk perception of COVID-19 and negative emotions. However, the epidemic period, gender ratio, and measurement methods did have moderating effects on the relationship between risk perception of COVID-19 and negative emotions. Conclusion: In future research, we can further develop theories related to the risk perception of COVID-19 and negative emotions, and based on these, formulate interventions to promote people's mental health.

Suicidality, perceived chronic stress, and stress-induced cortisol changes of individuals with schizophrenia.

The associations of suicidality with stress are poorly studied in schizophrenia. The study aimed to determine whether suicidality was correlated with perceived chronic stress and the cortisol fluctuations under stress tasks in schizophrenia. High suicidality was defined as a lifetime history of suicide attempts or suicidal ideation in the past 2 weeks. Individuals with schizophrenia and high suicidality (SZ-HS, n = 59), with low suicidality (SZ-LS, n = 207), and healthy controls (HC, n = 196) finished the Perceived Stress Scale. Then, they participated in an experiment that induced stress using the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task and the Mirror Tracing Persistence Task. Negative affect was measured at baseline and after finishing each task. The salivary cortisol was collected before-, after 20 min, and after 40 min of the tasks. SZ-HS had elevated perceived stress than SZ-LS and HC. Mixed effect models showed that stress tasks induced cortisol changes in all groups; cortisol of SZ-LS was reduced more than HC, but SZ-HS and SZ-LS did not differ in cortisol fluctuations. SZ-HS and SZ-LS experienced similar negative affect changes during tasks and the difference in withdrawal rates was nonsignificant. SZ-HS had an increased error rate than SZ-LS. In conclusion, suicidality was correlated with high-level perceived stress but did not result in differences in cortisol reactivities under stress tasks. It suggests the inconsistency between appraisal of stress and biological stress system disturbance among SZ-HS compared to SZ-LS.

The longitudinal relationships between problematic mobile phone use symptoms and negative emotions: a cross-lagged panel network analysis.

BACKGROUND: The association between problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and negative emotions in university students is not well understood in terms of causality and directionality. This study aims to clarify whether negative emotions trigger PMPU or whether the PMPU itself leads to increased negative emotions over time. METHODS: A two-wave longitudinal study was conducted involving 5568 Chinese freshmen who were surveyed at baseline and followed up after one academic year. PMPU, social media use, online game use, fear of missing out, loneliness, social anxiety, and academic burnout were measured. Cross-sectional and longitudinal connections between these variables were examined using network analysis techniques. RESULTS: The variable with the strongest influence in both contemporaneous networks was "Productivity loss" of MAPI. Moreover, "Academic burnout" at baseline significantly predicted higher levels of problematic smartphone use and negative emotions at follow-up, suggesting that it may serve as a catalyst for addictive tendencies. Furthermore, we observed bidirectional relationships between "Escapism" and "Social anxiety", as well as between "Social anxiety" and "Inability to control craving", suggesting a potential self-perpetuating cycle. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the role of academic burnout in initiating cycles of PMPU and negative emotions. In order to effectively tackle PMPU, it is crucial to consider the underlying drivers such as academic burnout and emotional states. This is important due to the complex and reciprocal associations uncovered through our longitudinal network analysis.

Cybervictimization and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Chinese College Students: an Exploration Through the Lens of Experiential Avoidance Model.

Purpose: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a growing public health concern among college students, with cybervictimization (CV) emerging as a significant contributing factor. Grounded in the experiential avoidance theory, this study investigates the mediating roles of cognitive fusion and negative emotions in the relationship between CV and NSSI, providing new insights into these key variables. Methods: A convenience sample of 457 undergraduate students (29% male; mean age 18.36±0.66 years) from two universities in Fujian Province participated in this study. Data were collected using the Cyberbullying Victimization Scale, Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Scale. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted using SPSS 25.0, while the mediating effects were analyzed using Process 3.5. Results: (1) Significant positive correlations were found among CV, cognitive fusion, negative emotions, and NSSI (p < 0.01). (2) CV was directly associated with NSSI (ß = 0.22, p < 0.001) and positively predicted both cognitive fusion (ß = 0.17, p < 0.001) and negative emotions (ß = 0.15, p < 0.01). Additionally, cognitive fusion (ß = 0.16, p < 0.01) and negative emotions (ß = 0.11, p < 0.05) significantly predicted NSSI. (3) Mediation analyses revealed that cognitive fusion and negative emotions mediated the CV-NSSI relationship through three pathways: CV→cognitive fusion→NSSI (mediation effect = 0.026), CV→negative emotions→NSSI (mediation effect = 0.02), and CV→cognitive fusion→negative emotions→NSSI (mediation effect = 0.01). Conclusion: The study confirms that CV influences NSSI indirectly through cognitive fusion and negative emotions, supporting the experiential avoidance model. These findings underscore the importance of addressing cognitive and emotional processes in interventions aimed at reducing NSSI among college students.

Flexible Regulation of Positive and Negative Emotion Expression: Reexamining the Factor Structure of the Flexible Regulation of Emotional Expression Scale (FREE) Based on Emotion Valence.

The Flexible Regulation of Emotional Expression (FREE) Scale assesses individuals' ability to enhance and suppress their emotional expressions across different situations. This study investigates the optimal factor structure of the FREE and emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between the regulation abilities for positive and negative expressions. A sample of 607 undergraduates (Mage = 19.02, SD = 1.02, 72.2% female) from Mainland China completed the questionnaire survey. Confirmatory factor analyses tested eight competing models of the FREE structure. Results indicated that the second-order model, featuring two higher-order factors (expressive enhancement and suppression abilities), fit the data well. An alternative second-order model, with two different higher-order factors (positive and negative emotion expressive abilities) and the same four first-order factors, demonstrated an even better fit. Various types of expressive ability scores showed predictive validity regarding emotion regulation self-efficacy, mental health outcomes, and relationship stress. Regulation of emotional expression can be represented by either regulation type or emotion valence, with the latter providing more informative insights. Flexible regulation of positive and negative emotion expression predicted fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and relationship stress beyond emotion regulation self-efficacy. These findings highlight the importance of considering emotional valence in understanding flexibility in expression regulation.

Effect of physical exercise on negative emotions in Chinese university students: The mediating effect of self-efficacy.

Objective: This study investigates the impact of physical activity on negative emotions among university students and examines the mediating influence of self-efficacy, aiming to furnish empirical insights and a theoretical framework to enhance and optimize the mental health of this population comprehensively. Methods: Using the cluster random sampling method, 5341 university students were selected from three universities. The questionnaire included demographic information about university students, physical exercise behaviors, expressions of negative emotions such as depression and anxiety, and self-efficacy in physical exercise. The types of questionnaires included the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). Results: 76.877 % of university students had low exercise. The detection rates of depression, anxiety and stress in negative mood were 77.041 %, 64.276 % and 47.931 %, respectively. There were significant differences in physical exercise and negative mood scores among university students of different genders and grades. University student. Negative emotions were significantly correlated with physical exercise and self-efficacy (P < 0.001). According to the regression model, physical exercise can significantly predict negative emotions and self-efficacy. The mediating effect of self-efficacy is evident. Conclusion: Physical exercise among university students typically comprises light workouts, associated with a high prevalence of anxiety symptoms. Self-efficacy acts as a mediator in the effects of physical exercise on negative emotions within this group.

Impact of web-based positive psychological intervention on emotions, psychological capital, and quality of life in gastric cancer patients on chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is a malignant digestive tract tumor that originates from the epithelium of the gastric mucosa and occurs in the gastric antrum, particularly in the lower curvature of the stomach. AIM: To evaluate the impact of a positive web-based psychological intervention on emotions, psychological capital, and quality of survival in gastric cancer patients on chemotherapy. METHODS: From January 2020 to October 2023, 121 cases of gastric cancer patients on chemotherapy admitted to our hospital were collected and divided into a control group (n = 60) and an observation group (n = 61) according to the admission order. They were given either conventional nursing care alone and conventional nursing care combined with web-based positive psychological interventions, respectively. The two groups were compared in terms of negative emotions, psychological capital, degree of cancer-caused fatigue, and quality of survival. RESULTS: After intervention, the number of patients in the observation group who had negative feelings toward chemotherapy treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05); the Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire score was considerably higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05); the degree of cancer-caused fatigue was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05); and the Quality of Life Scale for Cancer Patients (QLQ-30) score was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Implementing a web-based positive psychological intervention for gastric cancer chemotherapy patients can effectively improve negative emotions, enhance psychological capital, and improve the quality of survival.

From negative feelings to impairments: A longitudinal study on the development of climate change anxiety.

People may experience anxiety and related distress when they come in contact with climate change (i.e., climate change anxiety). Climate change anxiety can be conceptualized as either emotional-based response (the experience of anxiety-related emotions) or impairment-based response (the experience of impairment in daily functioning). To date, it remains uncertain how these distinct manifestations of climate change anxiety are related. Conceptually, the experience of climate change anxiety may transform from an adaptive and healthy emotional response to an impairment in daily functioning. We conducted two two-wave longitudinal studies to examine the possible bidirectional relationships between three manifestations of climate change anxiety. We recruited 942 adults (mean age = 43.1) and 683 parents (mean age = 46.2) in Studies 1 and 2, respectively. We found that Time 1 emotion-based response was positively linked to Time 2 cognitive-emotional impairment, while Time 1 cognitive-emotional impairment was positively related to Time 2 functional impairment. In Study 2, we also found a bidirectional positive relationship between generalized anxiety and emotion-based climate change anxiety over time. Overall, our findings provide initial support to the temporal relationships between different manifestations of climate change anxiety, corroborating that climate change anxiety may develop from emotional responses to impairment in functioning.

Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on the negative emotions and social functioning of patients with laryngeal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) training on the negative emotions and social functioning of patients with laryngeal cancer post-operation. METHODS: Sixty-five patients with laryngeal cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were selected and divided into an observation group of 33 cases and a control group of 32 cases according to the patient's wishes. The control group received routine intervention, while the observation group received mindfulness decompression training in addition to the control group. Both groups were evaluated after 8 weeks of intervention. The research tools included the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30), all of the scores of them were used to verify the foregoing scale. The effects of MBSR were evaluated by the differences between the post- and pre-intervention scores in each scale. T-test was used for mean comparison and Pearson test was used for rate comparison χ2 inspection. LITERATURE REVIEW: Patients will have negative emotions during the surgical treatment of laryngeal malignancies (Literature 1), which will affect their mental health (literature 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). Mindfulness decompression training (literature 10, 11) can reduce the depression and anxiety of patients with malignant tumors (literature 14, 15). According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria (literature 16 and 17), two groups of patients were selected in this study, and the scores were obtained using research tools including SAS (literature 19), SDS (literature 20), PSQI (literature 21), SDSS (literature 22) and QLQ-C30 (literature 24 and 25). The effect of MBSR was evaluated by the difference before and after the intervention scores in each scale. RESULTS: After the intervention, the scores of the SAS and SDS in the two groups were lower than before (P < 0.05), the PSQI score of the two groups was lower than before (P < 0.05), the SDSS score of the two groups was lower than before (P < 0.05), and the scores of the QLQ-C30 in the two groups were higher than before intervention (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Mindfulness-based stress reduction training can reduce the negative emotions of patients with laryngeal cancer and improve their quality of sleep, social functioning, and quality of life. It is worthy of clinical application.

The interaction between mental resilience and insomnia disorder on negative emotions in nurses in Guangdong Province, China.

Objective: To investigate the current status of psychological resilience, insomnia and negative emotions among nurses in Guangdong Province, China. And to explore the effects of the interaction between psychological resilience and insomnia on negative emotions. Methods: A cross-sectional survey method was used to select 1874 nurses in Guangdong Province from February 2023 to April 2023 for the survey. The Chinese version of the Psychological Resilience Scale (PRS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21(DASS-21)were used in this study. We use SPSS 26.0 for statistical analysis. A simple effect analysis was established to analyze the association between psychological resilience, insomnia and negative emotions by using psychological resilience, insomnia and the interaction term. Results: The overall PRS and ISI scores were (59.79 ± 17.29) and (9.83 ± 5.97). The scores of DASS-21 each dimension were (8.19 ± 9.02) for depression emotion,(7.93 ± 7.66) for anxiety emotion and (10.58 ± 9.77) for stress emotion. The results of the interaction effect analysis indicated that psychological resilience and insomnia exhibited statistically significant differences in the between-subjects effect test for depression emotion (r2 = 0.136, P<0.01), anxiety emotion (r2 = 0.127, P<0.01), and stress emotion (r2 = 0.142, P<0.01). Conclusion: The nurses exhibited moderate levels of psychological resilience. Most of them have varying degrees of insomnia, with majority being classified as mild insomnia. Additionally, they demonstrated varying degrees of negative emotions. There was a negative correlation between psychological resilience and insomnia. Psychological resilience was negatively correlated with depression, anxiety and stress emotions. Insomnia was positively correlated with depression, anxiety and stress emotions. Furthermore, the interaction between psychological resilience and insomnia had an effect on all three dimensions of negative emotions. Consequently, hospital administrators may implement efficacious intervention strategies such as cognitive behavioral therapy and improving workplace climate in a timely manner according to the different psychological tolerance and severity of insomnia of nurses in order to reduce the occurrence of negative emotions among nurses and improve their mental health.

Network analyses of ecological momentary emotion and avoidance assessments before and after cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders.

Negative emotions and associated avoidance behaviors are core symptoms of anxiety. Current treatments aim to resolve dysfunctional coupling between them. However, precise interactions between emotions and avoidance in patients' everyday lives and changes from pre- to post-treatment remain unclear. We analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial where patients with anxiety disorders underwent 16 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Fifty-six patients (68 % female, age: M = 33.31, SD = 12.45) completed ecological momentary assessments five times a day on 14 consecutive days before and after treatment, rating negative emotions and avoidance behaviors experienced within the past 30 min. We computed multilevel vector autoregressive models to investigate contemporaneous and time-lagged associations between anxiety, depression, anger, and avoidance behaviors within patients, separately at pre- and post-treatment. We examined pre-post changes in network density and avoidance centrality, and related these metrics to changes in symptom severity. Network density significantly decreased from pre- to post-treatment, indicating that after therapy, mutual interactions between negative emotions and avoidance were attenuated. Specifically, contemporaneous associations between anxiety and avoidance observed before CBT were no longer significant at post-treatment. Effects of negative emotions on avoidance assessed at a later time point (avoidance instrength) decreased, but not significantly. Reduction in avoidance instrength positively correlated with reduction in depressive symptom severity, meaning that as patients improved, they were less likely to avoid situations after experiencing negative emotions. Our results elucidate mechanisms of successful CBT observed in patients' daily lives and may help improve and personalize CBT to increase its effectiveness.

Influence of humanistic care on negative emotions, nursing quality, and patient satisfaction in outpatient gynecological surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of humanistic care on negative emotions, nursing quality and patient satisfaction among women undergoing outpatient gynecological surgery. METHODS: This retrospective study involved 108 patients who underwent outpatient gynecological surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between August 2022 and August 2023. The patients were divided into two groups: 51 patients received routine care (control group) and 57 received humanistic care (experimental group). Data collected included vital signs (heart rate [HR] and systolic/diastolic blood pressure [SBP/DBP]), pain levels (Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] scores at 12 and 24 hours postoperative), negative emotions (Self-rating Anxiety/Depression Scale [SAS/SDS]), comfort (Kolcaba's General Comfort Questionnaire [GCQ]), sexual functioning (Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women), nursing quality (errors, defects, and complaints) and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: Intraoperative SBP, DBP, along with HR, were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Postoperative pain levels at both 12 and 24 hours were also significantly reduced in the experimental group (both P<0.01). Furthermore, the experimental group demonstrated significant reductions in SAS and SDS scores and higher GCQ scores across physical, psychospiritual, environmental, and sociocultural dimensions (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of sexual desire, activity, and satisfaction (all P>0.05). Nursing quality was significantly better (P=0.029) and patient satisfaction with nursing care was higher (P=0.015) in the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS: Humanistic care significantly reduces negative emotions and enhances comfort, nursing quality, and patient satisfaction in women undergoing outpatient gynecological surgery. This approach does not affect sexual functioning indicators but offers substantial improvements in overall patient care and outcomes. Its high value for clinical promotion underscores its potential as a transformative approach in outpatient gynecological settings.

Subjective risk factors of severe pain at discharge from the emergency department.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the risk factors for severe pain upon discharge from the emergency department, assuming appropriate pharmacological treatment of pain, in order to improve pain relief in emergency departments and reduce the risk of potential chronic pain. METHODS: An analytic study was conducted utilizing data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial to evaluate patients' experiences upon admission and discharge from the emergency department (ED). Severe pain was defined by a score of six on a numerical rating scale of zero to ten. Stress and negative emotions (including anger, fear, sadness, and regret) were evaluated using numerical rating scales, respectively ranging from 0 to 10 and 1 to 5. The risk factors of severe pain at discharge (SPD) from ED were calculated using logistic regression considering patient characteristics evaluated at their admission to the ED. RESULTS: From the 1240 patients analyzed, 22.2% had SPD from the ED. Each increase of one point in the intensity of acute pain and anger was significantly associated with a higher risk of SPD from ED. In addition, woman, negative self-perceived health, and age under 65 years, are other significant factors associated with SPD from the ED. DISCUSSION: In addition to acute pain on admission, this study highlights new factors to consider when managing pain in emergency care, such as anger, and self-perceived health. Addressing these aspects can help reduce the likelihood of developing SPD from the ED, which in turn could potentially lead to the onset of chronic pain in future. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: SOFTER IV Project clinical identification number: NCT04916678.

War, emotions, mental health, and artificial intelligence.

During the war time dysregulation of negative emotions such as fear, anger, hatred, frustration, sadness, humiliation, and hopelessness can overrule normal societal values, culture, and endanger global peace and security, and mental health in affected societies. Therefore, it is understandable that the range and power of negative emotions may play important roles in consideration of human behavior in any armed conflict. The estimation and assessment of dominant negative emotions during war time are crucial but are challenged by the complexity of emotions' neuro-psycho-physiology. Currently available natural language processing (NLP) tools have comprehensive computational methods to analyze and understand the emotional content of related textual data in war-inflicted societies. Innovative AI-driven technologies incorporating machine learning, neuro-linguistic programming, cloud infrastructure, and novel digital therapeutic tools and applications present an immense potential to enhance mental health care worldwide. This advancement could make mental health services more cost-effective and readily accessible. Due to the inadequate number of psychiatrists and limited psychiatric resources in coping with mental health consequences of war and traumas, new digital therapeutic wearable devices supported by AI tools and means might be promising approach in psychiatry of future. Transformation of negative dominant emotional maps might be undertaken by the simultaneous combination of online cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on individual level, as well as usage of emotionally based strategic communications (EBSC) on a public level. The proposed positive emotional transformation by means of CBT and EBSC may provide important leverage in efforts to protect mental health of civil population in war-inflicted societies. AI-based tools that can be applied in design of EBSC stimuli, like Open AI Chat GPT or Google Gemini may have great potential to significantly enhance emotionally based strategic communications by more comprehensive understanding of semantic and linguistic analysis of available text datasets of war-traumatized society. Human in the loop enhanced by Chat GPT and Gemini can aid in design and development of emotionally annotated messages that resonate among targeted population, amplifying the impact of strategic communications in shaping human dominant emotional maps into a more positive by CBT and EBCS.

The chain mediating role of negative emotions at work and meaning in life between interpersonal conflict at work and depressive symptoms among nurses: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Depressive symptoms among nurses have been a significant public health concern. Although many studies have demonstrated the potential relationship between interpersonal conflict at work and depressive symptoms, the mechanisms underlying this relationship among nurses remain unclear. Based on the theoretical and empirical research, this study aimed to investigate the multiple mediating effects of negative emotion at work and meaning in life on the relationship between interpersonal conflict at work and depressive symptoms among nurses. METHODS: An online multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 hospitals from different geographical areas of Hunan Province, China, from December 2021 to February 2022. A total of 1754 nurses completed validated self-reported questionnaires, including their sociodemographic information, interpersonal conflict at work, negative emotions at work, meaning in life, and depressive symptoms. Descriptive statistics analysis, Spearman's correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and chain mediation analysis were performed using IBM SPSS software (version 29) and Mplus software (version 8). RESULTS: There were significant correlations between interpersonal conflict at work, negative emotions at work, meaning in life, and depressive symptoms (r = -0.206 ~ 0.518, all p < 0.01). Interpersonal conflict at work had a statistically significantly direct effect on depressive symptoms (ß = 0.061; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.011 ~ 0.126, p = 0.039). Analysis of mediating effects revealed that interpersonal conflict at work also influenced depressive symptoms through two statistically significantly indirect pathways: (a) the mediating effect of negative emotions at work (ß = 0.167; 95% CI: 0.138 ~ 0.195, p < 0.001) and (b) the chain mediating effect between negative emotions at work and meaning in life (ß = 0.008; 95% CI: 0.003 ~ 0.013, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Interpersonal conflict at work has a direct positive effect on depressive symptoms among nurses. Meanwhile, interpersonal conflict at work can influence depressive symptoms among nurses through the mediating effect of negative emotions at work and the chain mediating effect between negative emotions at work and meaning in life.

Negative Emotions Are Associated With Older Self-perceived Age: A Cross-section Study From the UK Biobank.

BACKGROUND: Prior research has indicated a potential connection between psychological stress and how individuals perceive their own age. Building on this foundation, the current study explores the relationship between negative emotions and self-perceived age. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the UK Biobank, a comprehensive cohort study representing the UK population. The analysis included 347 892 participants, aged between 39 and 73 years, of which 184 765 were women, accounting for 53.1% of the sample. Participants were categorized into three groups based on their self-perceived age: feeling younger than their chronological age (group Younger), feeling older than their chronological age (group Older), and feeling as old as their actual age (group Same). To investigate the relationship between negative emotions and self-perceived age, we utilized a multinomial logistic regression model with the Younger group serving as the reference category. RESULTS: Of 347 892 participants, after adjusted for covariates, the results showed that participants with irritability, nervous feelings, worrier/anxious feelings or fed-up feelings, worry too long and loneliness/isolation are more likely to be rated as "about your age" or "older than you are," with "younger than you are" as the reference group, indicating that negative emotions may influence one's self-perceived age. Among those negative emotions, irritability has the most significant impact self-perceived age, with the odds ratios (ORs) being 1.44 (95% CI: 1.35-1.54) and 1.11 (95% CI: 1.09-1.14). CONCLUSION: Negative emotions are associated with older self-perceived age, and irritability has the greatest impact. Further studies analyzing self-perceived age are needed to take psychological factors into consideration.

Emotions reflected in colours: experiences of nursing students during the COVID-19 period.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify nursing students' fears and emotions and to concretise the metaphors they used to describe their feelings towards the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This study was conducted with nursing students at a foundation university between December 2021 and February 2022 using a sequential mixed methods research design. In the quantitative part of the study, 323 nursing students answered the 'Positive and Negative Emotion Scale' and the 'COVID-19 Fear Scale'. In the qualitative part, students were asked to metaphorise COVID-19 with a colour and 21 in-depth interviews were conducted on the reasons for choosing this colour. RESULTS: The average age of the students participating in the study was 21.41 ± 1.97 years and 78% of them were female. It was observed that 15.8 of the students had previously tested positive for COVID-19. Most of the participants (98.5%) were vaccinated against COVID-19 and 31.9% had a relative who died due to COVID-19. When the participants were asked which colour they compared COVID-19 to, it was observed that more than half of them chose red (51.4%) among bright colours and 13% chose black among dark colours. In this study, it was determined that students who chose dark colours to describe COVID-19 had higher COVID-19 Fear and Negative Emotion Scale scores. In in-depth interviews, it was observed that students who chose dark colours were more deeply affected by the COVID-19 process, while students who chose light colours associated this period with negative emotions. CONCLUSION: In this study, it was observed that nursing students' feelings and thoughts about the COVID-19 period in line with their experiences affect the choice of colour in metaphorisation.

Personalized and continuous care intervention affects rehabilitation, living quality, and negative emotions of patients with breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is among the most common malignancies worldwide. With progress in treatment methods and levels, the overall survival period has been prolonged, and the demand for quality care has increased. AIM: To investigate the effect of individualized and continuous care intervention in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: Two hundred patients with breast cancer who received systemic therapy at The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University (January 2021 to July 2023) were retrospectively selected as research participants. Among them, 134 received routine care intervention (routing group) and 66 received personalized and continuous care (intervention group). Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) scores, including limb shoulder joint activity, complication rate, and care satisfaction, were compared between both groups after care. RESULTS: SAS and SDS scores were lower in the intervention group than in the routing group at one and three months after care. The total FACT-B scores and five dimensions in the intervention group were higher than those in the routing group at three months of care. The range of motion of shoulder anteflexion, posterior extension, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation in the intervention group was higher than that in the routing group one month after care. The incidence of postoperative complications was 18.18% lower in the intervention group than in the routing group (34.33%; P <0.05). Satisfaction with care was 90.91% higher in the intervention group than in the routing group (78.36%; P <0.05). CONCLUSION: Personalized and continuous care can alleviate negative emotions in patients with breast cancer, quicken rehabilitation of limb function, decrease the incidence of complications, and improve living quality and care satisfaction.

Clinical intervention effect of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction on chronic heart failure complicated with depression.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis and treatment of depression in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) is challenging, with no ideal treatment at present. AIM: To analyze the clinical intervention effect of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD) on CHF complicated with depression. METHODS: The study cohort comprised 116 patients with CHF complicated with depression who received treatment from July 2020 to July 2023, of which 55 received Western medicine (control group) and 61 received XFZYD (research group). Data on clinical effectiveness, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score, cardiac function, negative emotions, and serum inflammatory factors, were collected for comparative analyses. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the research group had an evidently higher total effective rate. Furthermore, there were marked reductions in TCM symptom score, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the research group after treatment, and these were lower than the corresponding values in the control group. Left ventricular ejection fraction was increased and higher in the research group compared with the control group after treatment. CONCLUSION: Our findings conclusively proved that XFZYD was considerably superior to Western medicine for treating CHF complicated with depression because it significantly alleviated patients' symptoms, improved cardiac function, relieved negative emotions, and reduced the levels of serum inflammatory factors.