RESUMEN
Los juegos como actividades lúdicas constituyen un elemento importante en el desarrollo del proceso pedagógico de la Educación Física; se contribuye al trabajo en colectivo, formación de valores como: la valentía, la perseverancia, la disciplina, la honestidad, el compañerismo, la organización, el respeto a las reglas, entre otros, lo cual hace que contenga un gran valor biológico, psicológico, pedagógico, evidenciados en sus actividades y en los beneficios que reporta al ser humano. No obstante, a pesar de ser este planteamiento una fortaleza en el sistema educativo de Cuba, no se potencia desde el punto de vista científico y académico el juego pre deportivo para lograr estos componentes antes mencionados. Es por ello que se proyectó como objetivo caracterizar los juegos pre deportivos que implementan los profesores del departamento de Educación Física en los dos primeros años de la formación de profesionales en la Universidad de Oriente, Cuba. Como métodos empíricos se aplica una entrevista a los profesores y una guía de observación dedicada al proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en la Educación Física. Se intenta conocer las potencialidades y debilidades que poseen los juegos pre deportivos para mejorar las habilidades físicas y deportivas de estos estudiantes, además de los valores en los que se pueden tributar a la formación integral desde estas prácticas. La inserción de este tipo de juegos ha contado con un nivel de opinión muy positivo por parte de los educandos y los profesores.
Os jogos como atividades lúdicas constituem um elemento importante no desenvolvimento do processo pedagógico da Educação Física; Contribui para o trabalho coletivo, formação de valores como: coragem, perseverança, disciplina, honestidade, camaradagem, organização, respeito às regras, entre outros, o que faz com que contenha grande valor biológico e psicológico. atividades e nos benefícios que traz ao ser humano. No entanto, apesar desta abordagem ser um ponto forte no sistema educativo cubano, o jogo pré-desportivo não é promovido do ponto de vista científico e académico para alcançar estes componentes acima mencionados. Por isso foi projetado o objetivo de caracterizar os jogos pré-desportivos implementados pelos professores do departamento de Educação Física nos primeiros dois anos de formação profissional da Universidade de Oriente, Cuba. Como métodos empíricos, são aplicados uma entrevista com professores e um roteiro de observação dedicado ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem em Educação Física. Procura-se conhecer as potencialidades e fragilidades que os jogos pré-desportivos apresentam para melhorar as competências físicas e desportivas destes alunos, bem como os valores em que pode contribuir uma formação integral a partir destas práticas. A inserção deste tipo de jogos tem tido uma opinião muito positiva por parte de alunos e professores.
Games as recreational activities constitute an important element in the development of the pedagogical process of Physical Education; tt contributes to collective work, formation of values such as: courage, perseverance, discipline, honesty, camaraderie, organization, respect for the rules, among others, which makes it contain great biological psychological and pedagogical value evidenced in its activities and in the benefits it brings to human beings. However, despite this approach being a strength in the Cuban educational system, the pre-sports game is not promoted from a scientific and academic point of view to achieve these aforementioned components. That is why the objective was projected to characterize the pre-sports games implemented by the teachers of the Physical Education department in the first two years of professional training at the Universidad de Oriente, Cuba. As empirical methods, an interview with teachers and an observation guide dedicated to the teaching-learning process in Physical Education are applied. An attempt is made to know the potential and weaknesses that pre-sports games have to improve the physical and sports skills of these students, in addition to the values in which comprehensive training can be contributed from these practices. The insertion of this type of games has had a very positive level of opinion from students and teachers.
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Introduction: Understanding factors that predict the intention of e-sports game online spectatorship has drawn a great deal of scholarly attention. Prior work on this topic has primarily focused on explaining the mediation mechanism between the spectator motivations and behavioral intention, such as attitude and subjective well-being, while overlooking the specific role of team identification and satisfaction with past experience, which were understudied in the previous studies but also prominent in the context of e-sports spectatorship. Besides, previous research was mainly conducted in a Western context; therefore, little was known about the online e-sports audience in China and their motivations to view e-sports games on live-streaming platforms. Methods: The current study thus aims to examine if and how these factors are related to the intention of watching e-sports games online by hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling. Results: Results from a survey of 452 Chinese e-sports online audiences suggested that three motivations (skill improvement, entertainment, and friends bonding), attitude towards e-sports game online spectatorship, and satisfaction with past experience were positively related to watching intention. These motivations and satisfaction also positively influenced attitude, while socialization opportunity (one of the motivations) negatively influenced attitude. Furthermore, team identification negatively moderated the relationship between satisfaction with past experience and behavioral intention. Also, attitude mediated the association between motivations, satisfaction, and behavioral intention. Discussion: In general, our study identifies the motivations that relate to Chinese e-sports viewers' attitude as well as their watching intention, and underscores the role of satisfaction with past experience, attitude, and team identification in the context of e-sports. These findings contribute to deriving a holistic view of e-sports game online spectatorship.
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Ball throwing velocity is essential for scoring goals in handball; the crucial question is how to develop throwing velocity in highly trained handball players. Therefore, this systematic review aims to summarize effective conditioning strategies to improve throwing velocity in elite male players and to perform a meta-analysis on which training system can provide the highest increase in throwing velocity. The literature was analyzed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Thirteen studies (sample n = 174) were included: five resistance training studies, one core training study, one study on repeated shuffle sprint training with small-sided games, and one on eccentric overload training. Effect size comparison showed that resistance training is the most effective strategy for improving throwing velocity in elite handball players (d > 0.7). Core training showed a small effect (d = 0.35). Small-sided game (SSG) training showed different results, from a significant positive effect (d = 1.95) to a negative effect (d = -2.03), and eccentric overload training showed a negative effect (d = -0.15). Resistance training is the most effective strategy for improving throwing velocity in elite handball players, while core training and SSGs can improve throwing velocity in youth athletes. Due to the small number of studies focusing on elite handball players, there is a need for more studies on advanced resistance training methods, e.g., contrast, complex, ballistic training, because much greater demands are placed on handball performance assumptions.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of different rearing arrangements on children's self-control and verify the promoting effect sports games might have on children's self-control in intergenerational rearing. Methods: A total of 72 intergenerational rearing children and 66 non-intergenerational rearing children were included in Experiment 1, in which the delay-of-gratification task was used to examine the differences in self-control among children with different rearing arrangements. In experiment 2, 70 intergenerational rearing children were included as subjects, and sports games were used to improve their self-control. Results: The results of experiment 1 showed that compared with non-intergenerational rearing children, the self-control ability of intergenerational rearing children was poor. In experiment 2, it was found that after the intervention with sports games, the self-control ability of the children in the intergenerational rearing group was effectively improved. Conclusion: Although intergenerational rearing arrangements have a certain negative impact on the self-control ability of children, the sports game intervention can be used to effectively develop the self-control ability of intergenerational rearing children.
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The main aim of the present study was to implement an exergame program that uses Fitlight technology to identify the impact on motor, recognition, and cognitive reaction times in junior athletes practicing team sports: basketball, handball, and volleyball. The second aim was to identifying differences in progress of the three types of reaction time between female and male players through computerized tests. The study included 360 subjects for basketball, 130 athletes of which were 68 male subjects and 62 female subjects; for handball, 124 athletes of which 64 were male subjects and 60 female athletes; for volleyball, 106 athletes of which 48 male were subjects and 48 female athletes. Characteristics of the experimental players: average age ± SD 13.60 ± 1.07; average sports experience ± SD 6.24 ± 0.92. The research included an initial and a final test between which a program of exergames was implemented over a period of 3 months focused on optimizing human reaction times. The evaluation of the reaction times was carried out through three computer games, the results being processed in SPSS 22. The relevant results of the research: for the simple motor reaction time (MSRT), the greatest progress between tests was the volleyball group, and for women, it was the basketball group; for the recognition reaction time (RRT), the male handball group and the female basketball group recorded the greatest progress; for the cognitive reactive time (CRT), the greatest progress was achieved by the male and female volleyball players. In all tests, the progress of the female basketball, handball, and volleyball players showed superior progress to similar male players. The results of the research highlighted the effectiveness of the experimental exergame program by using Fitlight technology in optimizing human reaction times in junior team-game athletes. Using computer games to evaluate reaction times allowed us to differentiate the evaluation on the types of human reactions under both standardized conditions but also under conditions of efficiency and attractiveness.
Asunto(s)
Baloncesto , Voleibol , Atletas , Videojuego de Ejercicio , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Tiempo de ReacciónRESUMEN
In this study, the impacts of sports gamification on college students' learning motivation and learning performances were explored by training students majoring in physical education to play tennis. A total of 150 students from a physical education college were selected to participate in this experimental teaching, and they were divided into the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG). Based on the above purposes, the differences in the teaching methods and teaching objectives of the EG and the CG is that the former uses games as a key method in tennis teaching. All participants were asked to complete questionnaires, with the purpose of evaluating the learning motivation of tennis before and after sports game intervention. Additionally, the differentiated learning motivation and learning performance between EG and CG before and after experimental teaching was tested and evaluated. Results demonstrate that students in the EG have significantly increased their intrinsic motivation and introjected regulation, thereby showing better results than CG in key test items. In addition, the above result reveals the positive role of sports gamification in promoting the learning motivation and performance of college students.
Asunto(s)
Aprendizaje , Motivación , Curriculum , Humanos , Estudiantes , Enseñanza , UniversidadesRESUMEN
Handball (team handball) is a multifactorial sport. The aims of this study were (i) to analyse anthropometric variables, conditioning abilities, and handball skills in club handball players according to age and sex, and (ii) to develop multivariate models explaining club handball performance from a multidimensional perspective. Two hundred and twenty six handball players (age 16.9 ± 4.0 years, 54% males) participated in the study. The players belonged to under-14, under-16, under-19, and A teams. They were evaluated with a battery of 18 tests covering kinanthropometry, conditioning abilities, and handball skills. A one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to investigate differences between teams, and a t-test for differences between the sexes. For each team, a discriminant analysis was performed to determine differences between performance levels. The results showed little differences between the U19 and A teams in any of the variables studied in either men or women, and that the lowest values corresponded to the U14 team. The differences according to sex were clear in the kinanthropometric and conditioning variables, but much less so in handball skills. The eight multivariate models that were constructed classified successfully from 48.5 to 100% of the sample using at most three variables (except for the women's A team whose model selected six variables). Conditioning variables were most discriminating in men, and handball skills in women. This would seem to reflect the different performance profiles.
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The main purpose of this study was to analyze the presence and current situation of the game of skittles throughout the northern route of the Camino de Santiago. Thus, we considered its current practice, modalities, where it is played, and its different manifestations as an informal and formal game (sport), comparing it with other traditional games on this pilgrimage route. To do this, a mixed qualitative-quantitative study was designed with 89 participants (municipal professionals, politicians, players, club managers, and teachers), constituting an informant for each municipality through which the Northern Way passes. An ad hoc questionnaire was used for the data collection, which was processed through content analysis by expert judges (qualitative section) and by using the IBM-SPSS statistical package (version 25). The results of the study show notable skittles activity on the Northern Camino (58.32% of the municipalities), reflected in the number of skittles alleys (n = 291), the number of clubs, associations, and peñas participating in federated leagues (n = 162), and the wide range of varieties of skittles currently active on the Camino (n = 20). The relationship between skittles and local culture, both symbols of identity in these northern Spanish regions, made it possible to preserve the traditional heritage in these places, keeping it alive today, despite the push toward new and more attractive leisure and sport trends.
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Resumo: Este artigo destaca uma bifurcação no movimento renovador da Educação Física: a corrente mais conhecida questiona a abordagem tradicional no ensino dos esportes quanto à função social da Educação/EF e a reprodução social. Mas é a corrente ancorada nas teorias da aprendizagem (construtivista e desenvolvimentista) que alcança desdobramentos importantes ao incrementar as possibilidades dos métodos de ensino dos Jogos Esportivos Coletivos (JECs), alegando a insuficiência do ensino centrado na técnica, descolado da essência tática desses jogos. Nesse sentido, salienta a convergência dessas duas correntes: a busca da autonomia do sujeito quanto a sua própria prática esportiva. Mostra que o avanço na questão da reprodução social só pode ser dado pelos conceitos que transformaram os modelos de ensino dos JECs. Conclui que a solução se basearia nos modelos de ensino que possibilitaram retomar o sentido dos jogos mostrando o entrelaçamento dos JECs na trama social, permitindo equivaler diversas formas de movimento.
Abstract: This article highlights a bifurcation in the movement for Physical Education (PE) renewal: the best-known theoretical strand challenges the traditional approach to sports teaching regarding the social role of PE and social reproduction. But it is the strand anchored in - constructivist and developmentalist - learning theories that reaches important results by improving the possibilities of Team Sports Games teaching methods, claiming the insufficiency of teaching focused on technique in those games, which would be detached from their tactical essence. Therefore, it emphasizes the convergence of those two strands: the search for subjects' autonomy regarding their own sports practice. It shows that advance in social reproduction can only be given by the concepts that changed the teaching models of Collective Sports Games (CSG). It concludes that the solution would be based on teaching models that allowed resumption of the meaning of the games by showing the interweaving of CSG in the social fabric, thus enabling several forms of movement.
Resumen: Este artículo destaca una bifurcación en el movimiento de renovación de la Educación Física (EF): la principal corriente académica cuestiona el enfoque tradicional en la enseñanza de los deportes con respecto a la función social de la EF y la reproducción social. Sin embargo, es la corriente anclada en las teorías del aprendizaje (constructivista y desarrollista) la que logra desdoblamientos importantes al incrementar las posibilidades de los métodos de enseñanza de los Juegos Deportivos Colectivos (JDC's), alegando la insuficiencia de la enseñanza centrada en la técnica, apartada de la esencia táctica de esos juegos. Así, resalta la convergencia entre estas dos corrientes: la búsqueda de la autonomía del sujeto en a su propia práctica deportiva. Muestra que el avance en la cuestión de la reproducción social solo puede darse a través de los conceptos que transformaron los modelos de enseñanza de los JDC's. Concluye que la solución se basaría en los modelos de enseñanza que permitieron restablecer el sentido de los juegos, mostrando el entrelazamiento de los JDC's en el tejido social y permitiendo la equivalencia de diversas formas de movimiento.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico , Deportes , Enseñanza , Deportes de Equipo , Antropología CulturalRESUMEN
Neste artigo descritivo e propositivo temos como objetivo abordar o processo de ensino dos jogos esportivos coletivos, partindo do pressuposto que devem ser entendidos a partir da natureza ontológica do jogo, do processo organizacional e da lógica inerente aos jogos coletivos. Propomos o processo de ensino tendo por referência a concepção de competências essenciais, as quais emanam da interação entre as referências funcionais e estruturais, as quais regulam a lógica do jogo. Portanto, lançamos as bases para o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia pautada no jogo e dos parâmetros para a estruturação do currículo de formação baseado em competências
This descriptive and propositive article has the objective of addressing the teaching process of the collective sports games, assuming that they should be understood in view of the ontological nature of the game, of the organizational process and of the inherent logic of collective games. We propose the teaching process by considering the idea of essential competencies as a reference, which stem from the interaction between structural and functional references, which balance the game logic. Thus we have laid the foundation for the development of a methodology outlined by the game and by the parameters for structuring the syllabus of competencybased training
En este artículo descriptivo y propositivo tenemos por objetivo abordar el proceso de enseñanza de los juegos deportivos colectivos, partiendo de la presuposición de que deben ser comprendidos desde la naturaleza ontológica del juego, del proceso organizacional y de la lógica inherente a los juegos colectivos. Proponemos el proceso de enseñanza teniendo como referencia la concepción de competencias esenciales, las cuales emanan de la interacción entre las referencias funcionales y estructurales, las cuales reglan la lógica del juego. Así, lanzamos las bases para el desarrollo de una metodología pautada en el juego y de los parámetros para la estructuración del currículo de formación embazado en competencias
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico , Educación Basada en Competencias/métodosRESUMEN
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar e comparar o nível de conhecimento tático declarativo (CTD) de jogadores de Futebol de diferentes categorias e posições. A amostra deste estudo foi constituída por 221 jogadores de Futebol de campo do sexo masculino. A partir dos resultados encontrados, chegou-se às seguintes considerações: na comparação do CTD por categoria, as diferenças apresentadas foram da categoria Pré-infantil para as categorias Infantil (p=0,001) e Juvenil (p=0,002), porém não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as categorias Infantil e Juvenil para essa variável. Quando agrupou-se os jogadores por posição específica, não registraram-se diferenças significativas de CTD entre os mesmos, apesar de uma vantagem nos escores descritivos para os meias e atacantes. Portanto, pode-se concluir que próximo dos 14 anos de idade o CTD é um fator que diferencia os atletas por categoria, porém a partir dos 15 anos de idade, esse conhecimento provavelmente já está assimilado de forma processual pelo praticante, quando se submete a um treinamento sistematizado e uma prática constante ao longo dos anos.
The main objective of this work was to validate and compare the level of Declarative Tactical Knowlwdge (DTK) of soccer players of different categories and positions. 221 male soccer players were part of this work. Taking the results into account we can take into consideration the following aspects: from the comparison of the DTK per category, the differences shown by the sub-14 category, for the sub-15 category (p=0,001) and category sub-14 (p=0,003), however significant differences between the sub-15 category (p=0,001) and the sub-17 category were not found. When soccer players got into groups for specific positions, significant differences of DTK were not found between them, even though there was an advantage by the descriptive scores for middle-field players and forward players. Therefore, it can be concluded that about 14 years, the CTD is a factor that differentiates the athletes in each category, but after 15 years, this knowledge is probably already assimilated procedurally by the player when it undergoes a systematized training and constant practice over the years.
El estudio fue evaluar y comparar el nivel de conocimiento declarativo táctico (CTD) de los jugadores de fútbol de diferentes categorías y lugares. La muestra del estudio consistió de 221 jugadores de fútbol en el campo de los hombres. De los resultados, fue la siguiente: la comparación de la CTD, por categoría, las diferencias se presentaron en la categoría Pre-Zona de juegos infantil para las categorías (p = 0,001) y menores (p = 0,002), pero no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los niños y las categorías de la Juventud para esta variable. Cuando se unió a los jugadores por posición específica, no informaron de diferencias significativas entre el CTD de la misma, a pesar de una ventaja en las puntuaciones de los calcetines descriptivo y los atacantes. Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que cerca de 14 años de edad, el CCD es un factor que diferencia a los atletas en cada categoría, pero después de 15 años de edad, este conocimiento es, probablemente, ya asimilados procesalmente por el jugador cuando se sufre una formación sistematizada y la práctica constante a lo largo de los años.
