Tailored isn't always better: Impact of standardized versus tailored training on intention to use measurement-based care.

Background: Brief educational trainings are often used for disseminating and implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs). However, many accessible trainings are ubiquitously standardized. Tailored training focused on modifying individual or contextual factors that may hinder EBP implementation is recommended, but there is a dearth of research comparing standardized versus tailored training. This study sought to: (a) assess the impact of MBC training on clinician intention to use measurement-based care (MBC); (b) compare the effect of standardized versus tailored training on clinician intention to MBC; and (c) identify clinician-level predictors of intention. Methods: Clinicians (n = 152) treating adult clients with depression at 12 community mental health clinics were randomized to either tailored or standardized MBC training. Clinic-specific barriers and facilitators were used to inform training content and structure tailoring. Linear mixed modeling tested the association between training condition and post-training intention to use MBC, as well as hypothesized individual-level predictors of post-training intention (e.g., age, gender). Results: Clinician intention pre- and post-training increased across training conditions (B = 0.38, t = -5.95, df = 36.99, p < .01, Cohen's d = 0.58). Results of linear mixed modeling procedures suggest no significant difference in clinician intention between conditions post-training (B = -0.03, SE = .19, p > .05, Cohen's d = .15). Only baseline intention emerged as a predictor of post-training intention (B = 0.39, SE = .05, p < .05). Conclusions: These findings suggest the additional effort to tailor training may not yield incremental benefit over standardized training, at least in the short term. As a result, implementation efforts may be able to reserve time and finances for other elements of implementation beyond the training component. Plain Language Summary: Educational training is a common approach for enhancing knowledge about research-supported mental health treatments. However, these trainings are often not tailored to meet the needs of the trainees, and there is insufficient evidence about whether tailoring might improve the impact of training compared to a one-size-fits-all, standard version. This study compared the impact of a tailored versus standard training on mental health clinician's intentions to use measurement-based (MBC) care for monitoring treatment progress for clients with depression. Study results indicated that intention to use MBC improved for clinicians receiving both the tailored and standard training after training completion. There were no differences in intention to use MBC care when the two types of training were compared. These study findings suggest that tailoring, which may require substantial time and effort, may not be a necessary step to improve the short-term impact of educational trainings.

Helping Québec Pharmacists Seize the Vaccination Service Opportunity: The Pharmacy Best Practice Workshops.

Vaccinations are a safe and effective way to protect against infectious diseases. The World Health Organization estimates vaccines have saved more lives than any other interventions and every year about two to three million deaths are averted worldwide through immunization. To improve vaccination coverage, pharmacists have been increasingly involved in immunization roles in their communities-as advocates, educators, and immunizers. Community pharmacy-based vaccination services have increased both in the number of immunization providers and the number of sites where patients can receive immunizations. In Canada, health care is under provincial legislation-and so, there are distinct differences in scope of pharmacist practice across the country. Prior to the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020, in Québec, Canada's second-largest province, pharmacists did not have the authority to administer vaccines. To help prepare pharmacists in Québec to become immunizers, we developed and deployed a series of accredited workshops. In these facilitated workshops, pharmacists were able to share best practices that may lead to providing effective vaccination services, identify common competency gaps, discuss effective patient communication skills, and determine how to target the most vulnerable population groups. Participants were also asked to evaluate the workshop. Our results indicate the evaluation was very reliable in measuring participant satisfaction (Cronbach's α = 0.94) and pharmacists commented that the workshops' learning outcomes exceeded their expectations, and the topics covered were relevant and applicable. The evaluation also asked participants to identify weaknesses of training, so future educational interventions can be planned accordingly. We believe this work will contribute to the continual growth and advancement of the pharmacy profession in Canada.

Improving knowledge of doctors and paramedics through effective bone procurement workshop: A cognitive approach.

BACKGROUND: Procurement of bone allograft must be performed by trained personnel. Improper handling and lack of knowledge during bone procurement will lead to contamination hence jeopardizing quality of the procured bones and expose bone recipients to risks of infection in post-operative phase. Bone procurement workshop is the fundamental training programme to enhance skill among personnel who has been or will be involved in bone procurement. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the workshop contents including teaching materials by assessing the knowledge on bone procurement among the participants before and after the workshop. METHODS: Bone procurement workshop was held for 2 days for doctors and paramedics. The knowledge on bone procurement was evaluated in pre- and post-assessments by answering self administration questionnaire before and after the workshop, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 50 participants comprised of doctors and paramedics attended the workshop however only 15 (55.6%) doctors and 12 (44.4%) paramedics completed the assessments. Overall, the mean total score for the post-assessment (61.4%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the pre-assessment score (32.2%). The mean values of correct responses for the post-assessment was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the pre-assessment in all five topics given during the workshop. The correct responses for the pre- and the post- assessments in the respective group of the doctors and paramedics were also statistically significant (p < 0.05). In the pre-assessment, the doctors had the highest score in Surgical Approach & Reconstruction (50%) while the paramedics had the highest score in Donor Screening & Selection Criteria (33.3%). In the post-assessment, the doctors had the highest score in Donor Screening & Selection Criteria (70%) while the paramedics in Packaging & Transportation (65.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The assessment managed to show that the workshop contents and teaching materials were effective in improving the cognitive knowledge of the personnel who would get involved in bone procurement under the National Donation Programme.

The Best and Worst Things Staff Report About Behavioral Training Workshops: a Large-Scale Evaluation.

A variable affecting the success of staff training programs conducted by behavior analysts is trainee acceptance of the training. This study constituted a large-scale evaluation of staff acceptance of behavioral training workshops. Over a 10-year period, 646 human service staff who participated in 132 workshops were questioned regarding the best and worst thing about the workshops. The most common staff comments concerning the best thing pertained to the training content, followed closely by trainer style and then trainee activities. There were far fewer comments regarding the worst thing, with most involving aspects of the physical environment in which training occurred. Implications of the results for practitioners are offered in terms of conducting workshop training in accordance with trainees' reported preferences. Emphasis is placed on ensuring training content is specific in nature as well as new and relevant for the trainees' work situation, providing frequent demonstrations and examples, and structuring repeated opportunities for active trainee responding.

Guidance for New Motivational Interviewing Trainers When Training Addiction Professionals: Findings from a Survey of Experienced Trainers.

Evidence-based practices, such as motivational interviewing (MI), are not widely used in community alcohol and drug treatment settings. Successfully broadening the dissemination of MI will require numerous trainers and supervisors who are equipped to manage common barriers to technology transfer. The aims of the our survey of 36 MI trainers were: 1) to gather opinions about the optimal format, duration, and content for beginning level addiction-focused MI training conducted by novice trainers and 2) to identify the challenges most likely to be encountered during provision of beginning-level MI training and supervision, as well as the most highly recommended strategies for managing those challenges in addiction treatment sites. It is hoped that the findings of this survey will help beginning trainers equip themselves for successful training experiences.