Primary basosquamous carcinoma of the lower eyelid with ocular invasion A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Ocular invasion is extremely rare for a primary eyelid Basosquamous Carcinoma (BSC). It can however occur in neglected cases if the clinical signs are overseen and the BSC is misdiagnosed for a less aggressive skin carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 58-year-old man suffering from an inferior eyelid BSC that had been neglected for 7 years was referred to our clinic. A local infiltration of the maxillary sinus and the contents of the orbit by the tumor was discovered, and he was managed with a left orbital exenteration and resection of the involved orbital bone. A follow up was established. DISCUSSION: BSC is a rare type of skin malignancy which as an entity rests between Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), and its aggressive nature is often greater than that of the BCC and the SCC. Having no specific clinical features differentiating it from other BCC types, it can only be diagnosed by an adequate biopsy. Its early diagnosis is crucial in diminishing it's recurrence rate and it's metastatic potential. The standard therapeutical approach is the complete excision of the tumor, best performed by Mohs micrographic surgery. In cases of ocular infiltration, orbital exenteration is also usually necessary. CONCLUSIONS: Suspect, rapidly growing skin lesions should alert clinicians and an adequate biopsy should be performed. Regarding BSC, prompt and complete excision along with systemic exclusion of metastases and a close follow up are necessary. Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy could be beneficial to the patients. KEY WORDS: Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC), Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), Eyelid tumor, Ocular tissue invasion, Imiquimod, Maxillectomy, Metatypical basal cell carcinoma, Mohs micrographic surgery, Orbital exenteration, Orbit invasion, Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), Vismodegib.

Orbital sparganosis in an 8-year boy: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Sparganosis is one of the neglected but important food-borne parasitic zoonoses, with higher prevalence in Asian countries. The infection is commonly located in the subcutaneous tissue, brain, breast, and lung, but fewer reported infections involve the eye. Because the majority of patients with sparganosis are adults, it is likely to be missed in children. CASE PRESENTATION: An 8-year-old boy presented to our clinic complaining of a painless ocular mass in his right eye for 1 month. The boy had a history of eating frogs and frog poultice applications to his eyelids. The patient was checked for an elliptical mass near the medial wall of the right eye. Serodiagnosis testing was positive in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. During surgical operation on the patient, calcified parasite eggs and foreign body granulomatous reaction were found using histological examination. Due to early detection and surgery, the patient fully recovered with no damage to his eyesight. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, ocular sparganosis should be suspected in a mass of the eye when there is a history of eating frogs and frog poultice applications on eyelids. Early surgical resection is important for a good prognosis.

Cysticercosis with an Orbital Tropism in Twins.

Two fraternal twin sisters developed cysticercosis localizing to the right lateral orbit over the same period after a presumed common-source exposure in China. This case demonstrates that cysticercosis can be related to travel. Similar temporal and spatial occurrences of these infections suggest a genetic tropism of the infecting organism in these twins.

Pathological Response of Northern Bobwhites to Oxyspirura petrowi Infections.

The effects of Oxyspirura petrowi infections in northern bobwhites ( Colinus virginianus ) are not well understood. While studies have reported O. petrowi infections, none has histopathologically examined the eye surface and intraorbital glands to assess cellular-level impacts associated with infection. This study is the first to document the histopathology associated with O. petrowi infections. Oxyspirura petrowi occurred on the eye surface as well as in the conjunctiva, lacrimal ducts, lacrimal glands, and Harderian glands. Histopathology showed infections of O. petrowi caused cellular damage to these tissues, scarring and interstitial keratitis of the cornea, and acinar atrophy of the Harderian gland.

[Eye Myiasis - a Case Report]. / Ocní myiáza.

The authors describe a case of 47 years old patient who came to the department of ophthalmology with eye discomfort, ear bleeding and itching of both legs. The diagnosis of ophthalmomyiasis was made after an eye examination. Manual extraction of maggots from upper and lower fornix of the left eye was performed and symptomatic therapy was given. The patient was sent to otolaryngology and dermatology departments and MRI. The maggots were also found in both external auditory meatus and between the toes. MRI excluded affection of the deeper structures of the head. Improvement of the local condition was observed since the first follow-up visit.

Ophthalmomyiasis externa by Musca domestica in a case of orbital metastasis.

Infestation of the living tissues of the eye, ocular adnexae or orbit by larvae of flies of the order Diptera is known as ophthalmomyiasis. Ophthalmomyiasis externa is a limited superficial infestation of external ocular structures such as conjunctiva and adnexae. A case of follicular carcinoma thyroid with orbital metastasis presenting as ophthalmomyiasis externa is reported. The patient presented with foul smelling ulcers of the medial and lateral orbital walls of the right eye extending into the lids and nose, teeming with maggots. Computerized Tomography (CT) showed widespread bone destruction with extension into surrounding sinuses. Over 200 maggots were manually removed after immobilisation with turpentine oil instillation. Entomological examination showed it to be a case of accidental myiasis caused by the common housefly Musca domestica. The patient was managed conservatively and the ulcer cavities filled up with healthy granulation tissue. This case is presented on account of its rarity.

Ivermectin treatment for massive orbital myiasis in an empty socket with concomitant scalp pediculosis.

We report a rare case of massive orbital myiasis following recent lid injury, occurring in the empty socket of an elderly lady, who had concurrent scalp pediculosis. The orbital myiasis was effectively treated with the broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent, ivermectin, thus precluding the need for an exploratory surgery. Ivermectin was also effective in managing the concurrent scalp pediculosis.

Caso de miasis orbitaria / A case of myasis orbitalis

Se presenta un caso de un paciente masculino de ochenta y tres años de edad, de raza blanca con antecedentes de la enfermedad del Parkinson con una miasis orbitaria derecha profunda producida por el gusano barrenador de la mosca Cochlimyia hominivorax. Se realizó un reporte de caso con el objetivo de describir el cuadro médico que presentaba el anciano. Presentó abundantes larvas en una zona necrótica en el párpado superior derecho, con fetidez y ninguna sensación en la zona que permitió realizar la toilette de urgencia sin el uso de ningún anestésico. Se interconsultó por un conjunto de especialistas de diferentes materias y se determinó que la mejor opción era la enucleación del globo ocular y necrectomía de la zona afectada junto a una etmoidectomía con el objetivo de eliminar la mayor cantidad de larvas posible. El paciente luego de operado evolucionó favorablemente.

A case of an eighty three year-old, white race, masculine patient, with antecedents of Parkinson´s disease is presented with a deep right myasis orbitalis produced by the borer worm of the Cochlimyia hominivorax fly. The clinical picture is described, abundant larvae in a necrotic area of the right upper eyelid, with fetidity and no sensation that allowed to carry out the toilette of urgency without the use of any anesthetic. He was interconsulted by a group of specialists of different matters and it was determined that the best option was the enucleation of the eyeball and necrectomy of the affected area next to an ethmoidectomy with the objective of eliminating the biggest quantity of larvae. The patient after been operated evolved favorably.

Unusual imaging characteristics of complicated hydatid disease.

Hydatid disease, a worldwide zoonosis, is caused by the larval stage of the Echinococcus tapeworm. Although the liver and the lungs are the most frequently involved organs in the body, hydatid cysts of other organs are unusual. Radiologically, they usually demonstrate typical imaging findings, but unusual imaging characteristics of complicated cyst of hydatid disease, associated with high morbidity and mortality, are rarely described in the literature. The purpose of this study is to review the general features of hydatidosis and to discuss atypical imaging characteristics of the complicated hydatid disease in the human, with an emphasis on structure and rupture of the cystic lesion as well as ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of the disease. In our study, the available literature and images of the cases with complicated hydatidosis involving liver, lung, brain, spine and orbit were reviewed retrospectively. In hydatid disease, there are many potential local and systemic complications due to secondary involvement in almost any anatomic location in humans. Radiologically, in addition to the presence of atypical findings such as perifocal edema, non-homogenous contrast enhancement, multiplicity or septations and calcification, various unusual manifestations due to rupture or infection of the cyst have been observed in our cases with complicated hydatid disease. To prevent subsequent acute catastrophic results and the development of recurrences in various organs, it should be kept in mind that complicated hydatid cysts can cause unusual USG, CT, and MRI findings, in addition to typical ones, in endemic areas. Therefore, familiarity with atypical radiological appearances of complicated hydatid disease may be valuable in making a correct diagnosis and treatment.

First description of the male and redescription of the female of Philometra salgadoi Vidal-Martínez et al., 1995 (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the ocular cavity of the marine fish Epinephelus morio in Mexico.

A redescription of the female and the first description of the male of the philometrid nematode Philomnetra salgadoi Vidal-Martínez, Aguirre-Macedo et Moravec, 1995 are presented on the basis of specimens collected from the type host, the red grouper. Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes; Pisces: Serranidae), in the Gulf of Mexico off the northern coast of Yucatan, Mexico. The morphology of this species is compared with that of related congeneric species.

[Clinical course of isolated larval infestation of orbit in children]. / Osobennosti klinicheskogo techeniia izolirovannogo larval'nogo porazheniia orbity i detei.

Clinical course of an isolated infestation of orbital tissues by larvae of helminths parasitizing in dogs (Toxocara canis) has been followed up in 5 patients aged 6-13 years. The process ran a wave-like course for 3-8 months and was characterized by cyclic inflammatory changes in the orbit, presenting by toxic allergic tenonitis, regional lymphadenitis, optic nerve perineuritis with formation of parasitic granuloma detected by computer-aided rhoentgenotomography of the orbit. No clinical or laboratory signs of common inflammatory and allergic reaction in the presence of Toxocara antigen sensitization were observed in any case, which was confirmed by detection of specific antibodies (IgG and IgE). Specific therapy with anti-nematode drug albendazol was effective.

Endoscopic removal of an intraorbital "tumor": a vital surprise.

We present the first case report of an endoscopic removal of a living worm, species Dirofilaria repens, from the orbital cavity. As of today, over 410 cases of Dirofilaria repens infections in man are recorded in world literature, six of which were localized in the orbital cavity. In Austria we know of four cases of an infection with this parasite, but none in the orbit. Dirofilaria repens is widespread only in the Old World, particularly in Southern and Eastern Europe, in Asia Minor, and in Central and Southern Asia. The highest prevalence of the disease is recorded in Italy (181 cases). In clinical practice, the infections have mostly been misdiagnosed as a neoplasia, usually benign but sometimes malignant. Under the assumption of an intraorbital tumor, the endoscopic transnasal revision of the orbital cavity was performed, as this approach promised to be least traumatic and best suited for the lesion, resulting in complete removal of the live worm. In unclear lesions in the head and neck, and infection with Dirofilaria repens should be considered as a differential diagnosis.