RESUMEN
Background: The western region of China has a dense population, relatively underdeveloped economy, and a significant number of left-behind children. Currently, the prevalence of adolescent psychological abuse, neglect, and the factors associated with these issues in the region remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the current status of adolescent psychological abuse and neglect and its associated factors in this region.Methods: Data were collected from 50 schools in western China through cluster sampling to target adolescents aged 12 to 18. A comprehensive survey form was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics of adolescents. The Child Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale was employed to assess the current psychological abuse and neglect of adolescents. Independent samples t-tests were used for inter-group comparisons. A Directed Acyclic Graph was constructed for controlling confounding variables. Subsequently, binary logistic regression analysis was performed, and a nomogram risk factors model was developed using R Studio.Results: This study included 12,743 teenagers, with an average age of 15.53(±1.39) years. Among them, 4,965 individuals, accounting for 39.0%, reported experiences of psychological abuse, while 4,167 individuals, accounting for 32.7%, reported experiences of neglect. The rates of psychological abuse and neglect in adolescents are influenced by gender, grade, left-behind experience, parental marital status, and living on campus (P < .05).Conclusion: Adolescents in western China exhibit higher rates of psychological abuse and neglect compared to those in the eastern and northern regions of China. Gender, grade, left-behind experience, and family factors significantly influence the psychological abuse and neglect of adolescents.
This study is the first large-scale, multi-centre, cross-sectional analysis of psychological abuse and neglect among youth in Western China, a region with relatively underdeveloped economic and social conditions.This article fills in the gap in the region's research on psychological abuse and neglect by addressing the issues of small sample size, limited coverage, and a lack of variables included.This provides a crucial theoretical foundation for enhancing the mental well-being of youth in this region and preventing psychological and mental illnesses among youth.
Asunto(s)
Maltrato a los Niños , Humanos , Adolescente , China/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Maltrato a los Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Niño , Abuso Emocional/estadística & datos numéricos , Abuso Emocional/psicología , Instituciones AcadémicasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Emotional abuse in childhood is the most common type of childhood abuse worldwide and is associated with a variety of somatic and mental health issues. However, globally and in indigenous contexts, research on the associations between emotional abuse in childhood and somatic and mental specialist healthcare utilization in adulthood is sparse. AIM: The main aim of this study was to investigate the association between emotional abuse in childhood and somatic and mental specialist healthcare utilization in adulthood in Sami and non-Sami populations, and to examine whether this association differs between the two ethnic groups. METHOD: This study used cross-sectional data from the SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey - a population-based study on health and living conditions in areas with Sami and non-Sami populations in Middle and Northern Norway. In total, 11 600 individuals participated in SAMINOR 2. Logistic regression was used to present the association between emotional abuse in childhood and somatic and mental specialist healthcare utilization. RESULTS: Emotional abuse in childhood was significantly associated with somatic specialist healthcare utilization in adulthood (fully adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-1.49), with no differences observed between ethnic groups. Emotional abuse in childhood was also associated with mental specialist healthcare utilization (fully adjusted OR 3.99, 95% CI 3.09-5.14), however this association was weaker among Sami (crude OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.37-4.13) compared with non-Sami (crude OR 5.40, 95% Cl 4.07-7.15) participants. CONCLUSIONS: Emotional abuse in childhood is associated with somatic and mental specialist healthcare utilization in adulthood, with a stronger association to mental healthcare utilization. The association between emotional abuse in childhood and mental specialist healthcare utilization was weaker among Sami than non-Sami participants. Future studies should investigate the reason for this ethnic difference. Our results highlight the need to strengthen efforts to prevent childhood abuse and develop strategies to reduce its societal and personal burden.
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Aceptación de la Atención de Salud , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Estudios Transversales , Abuso Emocional/estadística & datos numéricos , Abuso Emocional/psicología , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Etnicidad/psicología , Noruega , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/etnología , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/psicología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Background: Psycho-emotional violence, a type of workplace violence targeting healthcare workers, varies across countries, occasions, and professions in the healthcare sector. Unfortunately, there is a scarcity of comprehensive studies focusing on violence against healthcare workers in Ethiopia, which may also encompass psycho-gender-based emotional violence against healthcare workers. Therefore, there is a compelling need for in-depth research to address this gap and develop effective strategies to mitigate psycho-emotional violence in the healthcare sector in Ethiopia, especially in the eastern region. Hence, we aimed to identify the prevalence of and factors associated with workplace psycho-emotional violence against healthcare providers in eastern Ethiopia. Methods: This institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 744 health professionals working in urban public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia. Multistage stratified random sampling was used, and data were collected using a standardized structured tool adopted from the WHO workplace violence assessment tool. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with psycho-emotional workplace violence. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported, and a p-value of 0.05 was used as the cut-off point to declare significance. Results: Workplace psycho-emotional violence was reported by 57.39% of the healthcare workers. The absence of guidelines for gender-based abuse [AOR = 35.62, 95% CI:17.47, 72.64], presence of measures that improve surroundings (class lighting and privacy) [AOR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.98], training on workplace violence coping mechanism [AOR = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.26, 0.98], spending more than 50% of their time with HIV/AIDS patients [AOR = 1.96, 95%CI:1.05, 3.72], and spending more than 50% of their time with psychiatric patients [AOR = 1.92, 95%CI:1.08, 3.43] were factors significantly associated with workplace violence against health professionals. Conclusion: The prevalence of workplace psycho-emotional violence against health professionals in eastern Ethiopia was relatively high. Improving the working environment decreases the chance of workplace violence; however, there is a lack of guidelines for gender-based violence, the absence of training on coping mechanisms, and spending more time with psychiatric and HIV/AIDS patients' increases workplace violence. We recommend that health institutions develop gender abuse mitigation guidelines and provide training on coping mechanisms.
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Personal de Salud , Hospitales Urbanos , Violencia Laboral , Humanos , Etiopía/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Adulto , Violencia Laboral/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia Laboral/psicología , Personal de Salud/psicología , Personal de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de Riesgo , Abuso Emocional/estadística & datos numéricos , Abuso Emocional/psicología , Lugar de Trabajo/psicología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Childhood trauma is widely recognized as a potential risk factor for psychiatric illness in adulthood, yet the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship remain incompletely understood. One proposed mechanism involves the impact of childhood trauma on personality development, particularly in relation to neuroticism, which may subsequently heighten susceptibility to psychiatric disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate this hypothesis through an online survey involving 1116 participants (232 male, 21 %). Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), assessing emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect, along with the Trait Self-Description Inventory (TSDI) for personality assessment and the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 clinical questionnaires for depression and anxiety symptoms evaluation, respectively. Our analyses revealed significant positive correlations between all facets of childhood trauma and neuroticism (all p < .01). Linear regression analysis demonstrated that emotional abuse significantly contributed to neuroticism (ß = 0.267, p < .05), openness (ß = 0.142, p < .05), and agreeableness (ß = 0.089, p < .05), while sexual abuse was associated with agreeableness (ß = 0.137, p < .01) Emotional neglect was negatively correlated with conscientiousness (ß = -0.090, p < .01), extroversion (ß = -0.109, p < .01) and agreeableness (ß = -0.154, p < .01). Furthermore, linear regression analysis revealed that emotional abuse was positively and significantly correlated with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores (r = 0.330, p < .01 and r = 0.327, p < .01, respectively). Mediation analysis supported a significant mediating role of neuroticism in the association between childhood emotional abuse and both depression (PHQ-9) (z = 8.681, p < .01) and anxiety (GAD-7) (z = 9.206, p < .01). Notably, the correlation between childhood emotional abuse and psychiatric symptoms was attenuated but not eliminated after controlling for neuroticism, suggesting partial mediation. While our cross-sectional design precludes causal inference, our findings support the notion that childhood emotional abuse may contribute to increased neuroticism, thereby elevating vulnerability to affective disorders in adulthood. These results underscore the importance of considering personality factors in understanding the long-term consequences of childhood trauma on mental health outcomes.
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Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños , Ansiedad , Depresión , Abuso Emocional , Neuroticismo , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Abuso Emocional/psicología , Abuso Emocional/estadística & datos numéricos , Depresión/psicología , Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Ansiedad/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Trastornos de Ansiedad/psicología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/epidemiología , Adulto Joven , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/estadística & datos numéricos , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/psicología , Adolescente , Personalidad , Niño , Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Maltrato a los Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Inventario de PersonalidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is the range of sexually, psychologically and physically coercive acts used against adult and adolescent women by a current or former male partner. It is a major public health problem globally. This study determined the prevalence, patterns and predictors of IPV amongst female undergraduates in Abia State. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January - February 2022 amongst 306 female undergraduates in Abia State. A mixed method of an online structured questionnaire created on Google forms & onsite self-administered questionnaire were deployed for data collection. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using IBM SPSS Version 26.0. The level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: A total of 306 respondents participated in the survey. The overall prevalence of IPV amongst female undergraduates was 51.2% (95% CI: 44.8-57.6%). Emotional abuse was the most common form of abuse 78.9%, followed by Physical abuse 42.0% and Sexual abuse 30.8%. Predictors of IPV reported include female earning/receiving more than their partner monthly (aOR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.20-4.41); male (partner) alcohol consumption (aOR = 5.17; 95% CI: 2.46-10.88), being a smoker of cigarette/marijuana (aOR = 11.01; 95% CI: 1.26-96.25) and having witnessed domestic violence as a child (aOR = 3.55; 95% CI: I.56-8.07). Adverse effects such as unwanted pregnancies (12%), miscarriages (10%), eating/sleeping disorders (21%) and bruises (23%) amongst others were noted in some of the victims. CONCLUSION: Over half of all female undergraduates in Abia State have experienced IPV with emotional abuse being the commonest. Some Individual and relationship factors were identified as predictors of IPV. We recommend intensifying primary prevention campaigns against risk factors identified like smoking and alcohol consumption.
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Violencia de Pareja , Estudiantes , Humanos , Femenino , Violencia de Pareja/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia de Pareja/psicología , Nigeria/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Prevalencia , Adulto Joven , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudiantes/psicología , Adulto , Adolescente , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Universidades , Factores de Riesgo , Parejas Sexuales/psicología , Salud Pública , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/psicología , Masculino , Abuso Emocional/estadística & datos numéricos , Abuso Emocional/psicología , Delitos Sexuales/estadística & datos numéricos , Delitos Sexuales/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Self-harm seriously endangers adolescents' physical and mental health. However, the longitudinal mechanism of self-harm is not yet clear. OBJECTIVE: This study explored the inconsistent relationships between two types of emotional maltreatment and self-harm across three waves, regarding depression as a potential mediator and gender as a moderator of these associations. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: A sample of 588 Chinese adolescents (Mage at T1 = 12.79 years) in a middle school completed the assessment of demographic information, emotional maltreatment, depression and self-harm within one year. METHODS: Path analysis models were created to estimate the relationship of emotional maltreatment with self-harm and the mediating effect of depression. A multi-group analysis was applied to investigate the moderating effect of gender. RESULTS: There existed positive associations between emotional abuse at T1 and self-harm at T2 and T3 (ß = 0.12, SE = 0.05, p = 0.006; ß = 0.09, SE = 0.05, p = 0.054), and the mediating effect of emotional abuse at T1 on self-harm at T3 via depression at T2 was significant (Indirect effect = 0.05, SE = 0.02, 95 % CI [0.02, 0.08]). Multi-group analysis of gender revealed no significant differences in the cross-lagged pathways, but there were stronger links for girls than boys among self-harm at T1, T2, and T3 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Emotional abuse but not emotional neglect could significantly predict self-harm. Furthermore, depression played a mediating role in the longitudinal relationship between emotional abuse and self-harm. Girls who had high levels of self-harm at a previous time point were more inclined than boys to harm themselves at a subsequent time point. These findings provide a different perspective to develop effective prevention and intervention measures.
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Depresión , Abuso Emocional , Conducta Autodestructiva , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Conducta Autodestructiva/psicología , Conducta Autodestructiva/epidemiología , Adolescente , Estudios Longitudinales , China/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/epidemiología , Niño , Abuso Emocional/psicología , Abuso Emocional/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Sexuales , Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Maltrato a los Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESES: Affective recovery, operationalized as the time needed for affect to return to baseline levels after daily stressors, may be a putative momentary representation of resilience. This study aimed to investigate affective recovery in positive and negative affect across subclinical and clinical stages of psychosis and whether this is associated with exposure to childhood trauma (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse). STUDY DESIGN: We used survival analysis to predict the time-to-recovery from a daily event-related stressor in a pooled sample of 3 previously conducted experience sampling studies including 113 individuals with first-episode psychosis, 162 at-risk individuals, and 94 controls. STUDY RESULTS: Negative affective recovery (ie, return to baseline following an increase in negative affect) was longer in individuals with first-episode psychosis compared with controls (hazard ratio [HR]â =â 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI; 1.03, 2.61], Pâ =â .04) and in at-risk individuals exposed to high vs low levels of emotional abuse (HRâ =â 1.31, 95% CI [1.06, 1.62], Pâ =â .01). Positive affective recovery (ie, return to baseline following a decrease in positive affect) did not differ between groups and was not associated with childhood trauma. CONCLUSIONS: Our results give first indications that negative affective recovery may be a putative momentary representation of resilience across stages of psychosis and may be amplified in at-risk individuals with prior experiences of emotional abuse. Understanding how affective recovery contributes to the development of psychosis may help identify new targets for prevention and intervention to buffer risk or foster resilience in daily life.
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Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Evaluación Ecológica Momentánea , Trastornos Psicóticos , Humanos , Trastornos Psicóticos/fisiopatología , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Resiliencia Psicológica , Afecto/fisiología , Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños , Adultos Sobrevivientes de Eventos Adversos Infantiles/estadística & datos numéricos , Estrés Psicológico/fisiopatología , Síntomas Afectivos/fisiopatología , Síntomas Afectivos/etiología , Abuso Emocional/estadística & datos numéricos , Trauma Psicológico/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
There is clear evidence linking trauma, mindfulness, dissociation and problematic internet use (PIU). Nonetheless, little is known about the role trait mindfulness and dissociative experiences may have in the relationship between childhood emotional abuse (CEA) and PIU, as well as the role that gender may have in such relationships. In the current research, self-report questionnaires on CEA, trait mindfulness, dissociative experiences and PIU were administered to 1074 Italian adolescents (50% females) aged 14-17 years old, to test whether trait mindfulness and dissociative experiences mediated the relationship between CEA and PIU, and whether the proposed mediation was invariant across genders. Furthermore, the main analyses were controlled for background variables. The findings highlighted significant associations between all direct and indirect paths and invariance of the mediation model across boys and girls. The results of this study highlight that emotionally abused boys and girls with high levels of dissociation and inadequate mindful skills may be more exposed to dysfunctional online activities. Hence, developing dissociation-focused and mindfulness-based interventions for emotionally abused adolescents may be clinically effective when building tailored approaches for the prevention and management of PIU. Further implications are discussed.
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Trastornos Disociativos , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet , Atención Plena , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Femenino , Italia , Trastornos Disociativos/psicología , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet/psicología , Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Abuso Emocional/psicología , Abuso Emocional/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Sexuales , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Polysubstance use among adolescents is a significant public health concern, yet most studies on adolescent substance use focus on a singular substance. This study is one of the first to investigate the association between perceived racial discrimination (PRD) in school and polysubstance use among racial/ethnic minority adolescents using a nationally representative sample. METHODS: Data was from the 2021 Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey. The sample included 4145 racial/ethnic minority adolescents (52.8% female). Hierarchical binary logistic regression was used to examine the association between PRD in school and polysubstance use among racial/ethnic minority adolescents. RESULTS: About 12% of racial/ethnic minority adolescents engaged in polysubstance use and 23.4% reported experiencing PRD in school sometimes/most of the time/always. Controlling for other factors, experiencing PRD in school sometimes/most of the time/always was associated with 1.52 times higher odds of polysubstance use when compared to adolescents who never experienced PRD in school (OR=1.52, p=.044, 95% CI=1.01-2.30). Cyberbullying victimization, symptoms of depression, and being emotionally abused by a parent during COVID-19 were also associated with polysubstance use. CONCLUSION: Controlling for demographic characteristics and psychosocial stressors, PRD in school was significantly associated with higher odds of polysubstance use among racial/ethnic minority adolescents. The findings of this study could inform clinicians and policymakers of the association between PRD in school and polysubstance use, which could contribute to early identification of polysubstance use among racial/ethnic minority adolescents.
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Etnicidad , Grupos Minoritarios , Grupos Raciales , Racismo , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Grupos Minoritarios/psicología , Grupos Minoritarios/estadística & datos numéricos , Etnicidad/psicología , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Grupos Raciales/estadística & datos numéricos , Racismo/psicología , Racismo/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Conducta del Adolescente , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Ciberacoso/estadística & datos numéricos , Abuso Emocional/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Objetivo. Analisar o papel das atitudes frente a convivência conjugal durante o período da quarentena, como justificativa da relação entre as ideologias baseadas no tradicionalismo e a aceitação do abuso psicológico em mulheres. Método. Esta pesquisa é do tipo transversal e foi realizada de forma online com 260 mulheres oriundas de diferentes regiões do Brasil. Resultado. Os resultados demonstraram efeitos positivos e significativos (efeito indireto = .14; SE = .04; IC 95% .05; .22), sugerindo que as mulheres, que endossam mais ideologias tradicionalistas, utilizam mais justificativas, por meio da quarentena, e aceitam mais o abuso psicológico. Essa mesma relação ocorreu nas estratégias diretas e indiretas do abuso psicológico. Logo, este estudo apresentou evidências preliminares acerca de um possível reforçador do abuso psicológico.
Objective. This online cross-sectional research aimed to analyze the role of attitudes towards conjugal coexistence, during the period of quarantine, as a justification of the relationship between ideologies based on traditionalism and the acceptance of psychological abuse on women. Method. For this purpose, 260 women from different regions of Brazil were studied. Results. The results showed positive and significant effects (mediated effect = .14; SE = .04; 95% CI .05; .22), suggesting that women who endorse more traditionalist ideologies use more justifications, through quarantine, and are more accepting of psychological abuse. This same relationship occurred in the direct and indirect strategies of psychological abuse. Therefore, this study presented preliminary evidence about a possible reinforcer of psychological abuse.
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Humanos , Femenino , Abuso Emocional/estadística & datos numéricos , COVID-19 , Brasil , Cuarentena/psicología , Relaciones InterpersonalesRESUMEN
The utilization of perinatal care services among women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and male alcohol use is a major problem. Adequate and regular perinatal care is essential through the continuum of pregnancy to mitigate pregnancy and birth complications. The aim of this study is to determine the association between IPV and male alcohol use and the receipt of perinatal care in Nepal. This study used pooled data from 2011 and 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS). A total of 3067 women who interviewed for domestic violence module and had most recent live birth 5 years prior surveys were included in the analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between IPV and male alcohol use and the receipt of perinatal care. Of the total women interviewed, 22% reported physical violence, 14% emotional violence, and 11% sexual violence. Women who were exposed to physical violence were significantly more likely to report non-usage of institutional delivery [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 1.30 (95% Cl: 1.01, 1.68)] and skilled delivery assistants [aOR = 1.43 (95% Cl: 1.10, 1.88)]. Non-attendance of 4 or more skilled antenatal care visits was associated with a combination of alcohol use by male partner and exposure to emotional [aOR = 1.42 (95% Cl: 1.01, 2.00)] and physical violence [aOR = 1.39 (95% Cl: 1.03, 1.88)]. The negative association between IPV and perinatal care suggests it is essential to develop comprehensive community-based interventions which integrates IPV support services with other health services to increase the uptake of perinatal care through the continuum of pregnancy.
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Alcoholismo/epidemiología , Abuso Emocional/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia de Pareja/estadística & datos numéricos , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Abuso Físico/estadística & datos numéricos , Delitos Sexuales/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Abuso Emocional/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Servicios de Salud Materna , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Atención Perinatal , Abuso Físico/psicología , Caracteres Sexuales , Delitos Sexuales/psicología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although childhood maltreatment is a known risk factor for adulthood mental health, the impact of different types of childhood maltreatment on mental disorders is not yet clear. This study explored the association of each type of childhood maltreatment with adulthood mental disorders and suicidality in South Korea. METHODS: A total of 5,102 individuals from the general populations over the age of 18 responded to the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and questions about childhood maltreatment (emotional neglect, psychological abuse, physical abuse, and sexual abuse). To evaluate the odds ratio for mental disorders and suicidality associated with each type of childhood maltreatment, we used logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: About 17.0% of the respondents reported having experienced a type of maltreatment in childhood. According to the type, 9.4% reported physical abuse, 9.3% reported emotional neglect, 7.9% reported psychological abuse, and 3.8% reported sexual abuse. Exposure to each type of childhood maltreatment was associated with most types of mental disorders after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Each type of childhood maltreatment victim was associated with suicidality (suicidal ideations, suicide plans, and suicide attempts). Dose-response patterns for suicide attempts were observed in all types of victims. Moreover, the respondents who experienced frequent childhood emotional neglect were 14 times more likely to have attempted suicide. CONCLUSION: Childhood maltreatment was associated with mental health in adulthood. The findings show the need for early detection and intervention of victims of childhood maltreatment to minimize its negative impact on adult mental health.
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Maltrato a los Niños , Trastornos Mentales/diagnóstico , Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Maltrato a los Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Abuso Sexual Infantil/estadística & datos numéricos , Abuso Emocional/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Abuso Físico/estadística & datos numéricos , República de Corea , Ideación Suicida , Suicidio/psicología , Intento de Suicidio/psicología , Intento de Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Prior studies have established an association between a history of abuse and the development of migraine. This cross-sectional observational study explored the relationship between self-reported abuse history with migraine-related sensory hypersensitivity symptoms. METHODS: In total, 588 adult patients with migraine from the American Registry for Migraine Research completed questionnaires: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 for depression, Photosensitivity Assessment Questionnaire, Hyperacusis Questionnaire, and Allodynia Symptom Checklist. Using four binary screening questions, patients were asked to self-report if they believed they had suffered emotional, physical, or sexual abuse in their lifetime. Differences in questionnaire scores between groups with and without a history of abuse were determined. Regression models adjusted for age, sex, and basic headache features analyzed the relationship between abuse history and sensory hypersensitivity symptoms. Moderation analysis explored the role of headache frequency in this relationship. Mediation analysis assessed the indirect (Mediated) effect (IE) of abuse on sensory hypersensitivity through depression or anxiety. Additional models analyzed relationships between sensory hypersensitivity symptoms and abuse subtypes or the number of abuse subtypes. RESULTS: Of 588 participants, 222 (38%) reported a history of abuse. Patients with a history of abuse reported statistically significantly greater average headache frequency (7.6 vs. 4.7 days, p = 0.030). Patients with a history of abuse also reported higher average or median questionnaire scores: anxiety (7.6 vs. 4.7, p < 0.001, d = 0.56), depression (1.7 vs. 1.3, p = 0.009, d = 0.24), photophobia (0.54 vs. 0.44, p < 0.001, d = 0.32), hyperacusis (19.6 vs. 14.9, p < 0.001, d = 0.49), ictal allodynia (6.0 vs. 3.0, p < 0.001, d = 0.46), and interictal allodynia (1.0 vs. 0.0, p < 0.001, d = 0.30). After controlling for patient age, sex and years lived with headache, abuse maintained a significant association with every sensory hypersensitivity measure. Headache frequency significantly moderated the relationship between a history of abuse with increased ictal allodynia (p = 0.036). Anxiety significantly mediated the relationships between abuse with photophobia (IE = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01-0.04), hyperacusis (IE = 1.51, 95% CI = 0.91-2.24), ictal allodynia (IE = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.01-0.04), and interictal allodynia (IE = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.01-0.06). Depression significantly mediated the relationship between abuse with photophobia (IE = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.01-0.03) and with hyperacusis (IE = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.11-0.88). The association between the individual subtypes of abuse and the number of subtypes of abuse with sensory hypersensitivity symptoms varied. CONCLUSION: A history of abuse is associated with greater migraine-related sensory hypersensitivity symptoms. To reduce the impact of abuse on migraine symptoms, future studies should explore mechanistic connections between abuse and migraine-associated symptoms.
Asunto(s)
Abuso Emocional/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos Migrañosos/epidemiología , Trastornos Migrañosos/psicología , Abuso Físico/estadística & datos numéricos , Delitos Sexuales/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Abuso Emocional/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Abuso Físico/psicología , Sistema de Registros , Factores de Riesgo , Autoinforme , Delitos Sexuales/psicología , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Population-level prevalence estimates for a broad range of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which are known to affect health across the lifespan, are currently unavailable in Canada. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of individual ACEs by sociodemographic factors among middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: Data for this cross-sectional analysis were obtained from the first follow-up (2015-2018) of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (baseline recruitment from 2011 to 2015). Participants included individuals aged 45-85 years and residing in the community in the 10 Canadian provinces. Exposure to ACEs was assessed using a retrospective, self-report questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to obtain the adjusted prevalence estimates of ACEs within groups formed by the sociodemographic characteristics and each variable was adjusted for all other sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: Of the 44 817 participants in the first follow-up, 61.6% (weighted) reported exposure to at least 1 ACE. Exposure to physical abuse (weighted prevalence of 25.7%), intimate partner violence (22.4%) and emotional abuse (21.8%) were the most prevalent types of ACEs. Individuals younger than 65 years (born in 1950-1969), with no postsecondary education or education below a bachelor's degree, or with annual household income less than $20 000 reported greater exposure to ACEs. Reporting for many ACEs was higher among women and those of nonheterosexual orientation. Overall, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec reported relatively higher prevalence for several examined categories of ACEs. INTERPRETATION: Adverse childhood experiences were highly prevalent across all demographic groups with substantial heterogeneity in the distribution among the middle and older age population. The high prevalence of ACEs and their potential negative consequences on health and well-being emphasize the need to develop and promote trauma-informed care to assist individuals affected by ACEs.
Asunto(s)
Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/estadística & datos numéricos , Maltrato a los Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Abuso Emocional/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia de Pareja/estadística & datos numéricos , Abuso Físico/estadística & datos numéricos , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Canadá/epidemiología , Niño , Abuso Sexual Infantil/estadística & datos numéricos , Divorcio/estadística & datos numéricos , Escolaridad , Femenino , Humanos , Renta/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Minorías Sexuales y de Género/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Issues concerning harassment, bullying and discrimination are not unknown to medical specialties and are likely to be present in neurosurgery as well. The aim of this study was to estimate the extent to which neurosurgeons are faced with issues pertaining to this mistreatment. METHODS: A survey consisting of fourteen questions was distributed among members of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS). The survey consisted of three parts: 1) demographics; 2) exposure to mistreatment; 3) experienced burnout symptoms. RESULTS: In total 503 out of the 5665 approached CNS members filled in a survey (response rate 8.9 %). Respondents consisted for 85.9 % out of neurosurgeons and for 13.9 % out of residents. Overall, 61.4 % of the respondents was a victim of form of abusive behavior, while 47.9 % was a victim of at least one form of discrimination. Most reported sources of these mistreatments were other neurosurgeons or (family of) patients. Overall, 49.9 % of the respondents experienced burnout symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that female respondents had higher odds of being a victim of abuse (OR 2.5, 95 % CI 1.4-4.6). Female respondents (OR 19.8, 95 % CI 8.9-43.9) and ethnic minorities (OR 3.8, 95 % CI 2.3-6.2) had higher odds of being a victim of discrimination. Furthermore, victims of abuse were at higher odds (OR 1.7, 95 % CI 1.1-2.6) of having burnout symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Mistreatment and experiencing burnout symptoms frequently occurs among neurosurgeons and residents.
Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Agotamiento Profesional/epidemiología , Minorías Étnicas y Raciales/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso no Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Neurocirugia , Médicos Mujeres/estadística & datos numéricos , Discriminación Social/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Agotamiento Profesional/psicología , Abuso Emocional/psicología , Abuso Emocional/estadística & datos numéricos , Minorías Étnicas y Raciales/psicología , Femenino , Acoso no Sexual/psicología , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Abuso Físico/psicología , Abuso Físico/estadística & datos numéricos , Médicos Mujeres/psicología , Factores Sexuales , Discriminación Social/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Nearly 42% of ever-married women in Malawi have experienced some form of physical, sexual or emotional violence perpetrated by their current or most recent spouse - higher than the global estimate of 35%. This study used national-level data for ever-married women aged 15-49 years from the 2015 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey to explore the association between cultural factors and the likelihood of women experiencing sexual, physical and emotional violence after controlling for socioeconomic factors using multilevel logistic regression modelling. Key cultural factors found to be associated with violence against ever-married women in Malawi were type of marriage (polygynous or monogamous), age at marriage, religion and ethnicity. Husband's consumption of alcohol also emerged as a very important factor in violence against married women. Interventions to tackle violence against married women in Malawi should aim at promoting monogamous marriages and discouraging polygynous marriages, and address the culture of heavy alcohol consumption amongst husbands. Future studies could explore further if there are key lessons that families can learn from Muslim families and across ethnic groups.
Asunto(s)
Abuso Emocional/estadística & datos numéricos , Delitos Sexuales/estadística & datos numéricos , Maltrato Conyugal/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Malaui/epidemiología , Masculino , Matrimonio/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores Socioeconómicos , Esposos/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have far-reaching effects on a wide range of health outcomes in adulthood, however, less is known about their consequences in emerging adulthood or in a geographically distinct sample. We examined the cumulative and individual relation of ACEs and two risky behaviors: alcohol and illegal drugs consumed by 490 Spanish emerging adults (mean age = 18.9). Participants answered the ACEs questionnaire, and two items about alcohol and illegal drugs consumption. Results showed that the overall experience of suffering different ACEs was a significant predictor of drug but not of alcohol consumption. Moreover, ACEs subtypes presented differential effects on substance use. Whereas some increased the likelihood of either drug or alcohol use, others reduced it. This study supports the importance of examining specific adverse experiences rather than only using an overall measure and provides some counterintuitive results that may be linked to resilient mechanisms.
Asunto(s)
Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/estadística & datos numéricos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Adolescente , Maltrato a los Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Abuso Sexual Infantil/estadística & datos numéricos , Hijo de Padres Discapacitados , Crimen , Divorcio/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia Doméstica/estadística & datos numéricos , Abuso Emocional/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Padres/psicología , Abuso Físico/estadística & datos numéricos , Asunción de Riesgos , España/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Interpersonal violence in sport occurs in different forms, from emotional abuse, overtraining, bullying, physical aggression and pressuring to punishment and sexual abuse. Due to the use of different definitions, a comparison of prevalence estimates between studies in different countries has not been possible to date. The aim of the current study was thus to present the prevalence estimates of interpersonal violence in elite sport for the Netherlands, Belgium (Flanders), and Germany and to examine the overlap of three types of interpersonal violence. Data from two different surveys (one in the Netherlands and Flanders and another in Germany) of a total of 1,665 elite athletes (n = 533 from the Netherlands and Flanders, n = 1,132 from Germany) were used. Athletes were asked to answer questions about their experiences of psychological, physical, and sexual violence in the context of organized sport. In general, lifetime prevalence estimates for all three types of interpersonal violence are more than 24% in elite athletes, with the highest numbers for psychological violence. Compared to representative population samples the prevalence rate of psychological violence seems to be particularly high. Gender differences were only evident for sexual violence, with female athletes showing higher prevalence estimates than male athletes. Furthermore, a high overlap of experiences of the three different forms of interpersonal violence was found for all three countries. The differences in prevalence estimates between the three countries are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Atletas/estadística & datos numéricos , Abuso Emocional/estadística & datos numéricos , Exposición a la Violencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Abuso Físico/estadística & datos numéricos , Delitos Sexuales/estadística & datos numéricos , Deportes/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Agresión , Bélgica/epidemiología , Acoso Escolar , Femenino , Alemania/epidemiología , Encuestas Epidemiológicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Acondicionamiento Físico Humano , Prevalencia , Castigo , Distribución por Sexo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In Senegal, psychological violence remains a taboo subject insofar as it often arises in the closed circle of family life. It has a highly negative impact on the health of pregnant women. The objective of this work was to study the epidemiological profile of female victims of psychological violence before and after birth in the Sédhiou region. METHOD: An observational, cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out from December 4, 2018 to April 4, 2019. The study population consisted of all the women received for postnatal consultation in one of the referral health structures in the Sédhiou region. Data were collected using a survey form and a questionnaire administered to the women having met the inclusion criteria. The data were entered using CS Pro software and subsequently analyzed using R 3.4.4 software. RESULTS: The mean age of the women was 25.4±7.8 (14-43 years). A total of 222 women (55.5 %) had suffered psychological violence during the prepartum period. Isolated psychological violence represented 44.3 % of the surveyed population, while psychological violence associated with sexual or physical violence represented 8.0 % and 5.4 % of the respondent population, respectively. The factors associated with psychological violence during the prepartum period were pursuit of a professional activity [ORaj=4.7 (1.3-17.0)], high educational status [ORaj=7.0 (4.2-11.5)] and performance of fewer than 3 antenatal consultations (ANC) [ORaj=2.2 (1.2-4.0)]. Maternal, fetal and neonatal complications were more frequent among victims of psychological violence (P<0.05). During the postpartum period, 26.5 % of the women who had been victims of violence during the prepartum period mentioned the fact that the aggression had ceased. The other women continued to endure violence, which was even more intense among 2.5 %. CONCLUSION: Psychological violence among pregnant women has a negative impact on the health of the mother and the newborn. This state of affairs should induce health care providers to increase popular awareness of its detrimental effects. Communication efforts aimed at behavioral change will need to be combined during prenatal consultations with strengthened screening for violence, the objective being to achieve improved care.