RESUMEN
Choline is recognized as an essential nutrient for Atlantic salmon at all developmental stages. However, its dietary requirement is not well defined. Choline plays a critical role in lipid transport, and the clearest deficiency sign is intestinal steatosis. The present work, aiming to find whether lipid source and fish size may affect steatosis symptoms, was one of a series of studies conducted to identify which production-related conditions may influence choline requirement. Six choline-deficient diets were formulated varying in ratios of rapeseed oil to fish oil and fed to Atlantic salmon of 1.5 and 4.5 kg. After eight weeks, somatic characteristics were observed, and the severity of intestinal steatosis was assessed by histological, biochemical, and molecular analyses. Fatty acid composition in pyloric intestine, mesenteric tissue, and liver samples was also quantified. The increasing rapeseed oil level increased lipid digestibility markedly, enhancing lipid supply to the fish. Moreover, small fish consumed more feed, and consequently had a higher lipid intake. In conclusion, the results showed that choline requirement depends on dietary lipid load, which depends on the fatty acid profile as well as the fish size.
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Alimentación Animal , Aceites de Pescado , Aceite de Brassica napus , Salmo salar , Animales , Aceite de Brassica napus/administración & dosificación , Salmo salar/metabolismo , Salmo salar/crecimiento & desarrollo , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Enfermedades de los Peces/patología , Enfermedades de los Peces/metabolismo , Hígado Graso/veterinaria , Hígado Graso/metabolismo , Hígado Graso/etiología , Hígado Graso/patología , Colina/metabolismo , Colina/administración & dosificación , Dieta/veterinaria , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patologíaRESUMEN
Purpose: Emerging research indicates a link between the intake of fatty fish and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, observational studies fall short in establishing a direct causal link between oily fish intake and AMD. We wanted to determine whether causal association lies between oily fish intake and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk in human beings. Methods: This two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) study used the MR method to probe the genetic causality in the relationship between oily fish intake and AMD. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for AMD were acquired from a Finnish database, whereas the data on fish oil intake came from the UK Biobank. The analysis used several approaches such as inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode MR. In addition, the Cochran's Q test was used to evaluate heterogeneity in the MR data. The MR-Egger intercept and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) tests were used to assess the presence of horizontal pleiotropy. A leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the reliability of the association. Results: The IVW method revealed that the intake of oily fish is an independent risk factor for AMD (P = 0.034). It also suggested a minimal likelihood of horizontal pleiotropy affecting the causality (P > 0.05), with no substantial heterogeneity detected in the genetic variants (P > 0.05). The leave-one-out analysis confirmed the reliability and stability of this correlation. Conclusions: This research used a two-sample MR analysis to provide evidence of a genetic causal relationship between the eating of oily fish and AMD. This discovery held potential significance in AMD prevention.
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Aceites de Pescado , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Degeneración Macular , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana/métodos , Degeneración Macular/genética , Degeneración Macular/epidemiología , Degeneración Macular/etiología , Humanos , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Factores de Riesgo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Animales , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Peces/genética , Finlandia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
In critical illness the regulation of inflammation and oxidative stress can improve patient outcomes, and thus omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been used as part of parenteral nutrition (PN) owing to their potential anti-inflammatory effects. The international lipids in PN Summit, encompassed discussions and the production of consensus guidelines concerning PN intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) use in critical care. The Lipid Summit participants agreed that the inclusion of fish oil in ILEs is associated with meaningful clinical benefits without signals of harm, based on a strong biological rationale and current clinical evidence. Decisions concerning ILE choice should be made based on current evidence, thus addressing clinical requirements for guidance, particularly as further definitive evidence seems unlikely to occur. In addition, a future of individualized ICU care is envisioned, yielding better clinical outcomes. This approach will require the greater use of intelligent study designs incorporating the use of biomarkers of omega-3 derivatives, inflammatory-resolving processes, and/or muscle protein breakdown.
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Cuidados Críticos , Emulsiones Grasas Intravenosas , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , Humanos , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/uso terapéutico , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/administración & dosificación , Emulsiones Grasas Intravenosas/uso terapéutico , Emulsiones Grasas Intravenosas/administración & dosificación , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Nutrición Parenteral/métodos , Nutrición Parenteral/normas , Enfermedad Crítica/terapia , Aceites de Pescado/uso terapéutico , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Cirugía de Cuidados IntensivosRESUMEN
In adult rats, omega-3 supplementation through fish oil (FO) and environmental enrichment (EE) have shown beneficial effects on cognition and stress regulation. This study assessed sex-specific effects of FO and EE during adolescence, a period critical for brain maturation, on adulthood coping mechanisms, sociability, and glucocorticoid regulation. An amount of 64 Wistar rats [n = 32/sex; postnatal day (PND) 23] were assigned to supplementation of control soybean oil (CSO) or menhaden fish oil (FO; 0.3 mL/100 g) from PND28 to 47 and exposed to EE or regular cage (RC) housing from PND28 to 58, with their blood corticosterone (CORT) levels being assessed weekly. As adults, exposure to repeated forced swim tests (FSTs; PND90-91) enabled analysis of coping responses, while socioemotional and memory responses were evaluated using the OFT, EPM, SIT, and Y maze tests (PND92-94). Immunohistochemistry determined hippocampal CA1/CA3 glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression (PND95). CORT secretion gradually increased as the supplementation period elapsed in female rats, while changes were minimal in males. Coping strategies in the FST differed between sexes, particularly in FO-fed rats, where females and males, respectively, favoured floating and tail support to minimise energy consumption and maintain immobility. In the SIT, FO/EE promoted sociability in females, while a CSO diet favoured social recognition in males. Reduced CA3 GR-ir expression was found in FO/RC and CSO/EE rat groups, supporting stress resilience and memory consolidation. Our findings support environment and dietary conditions to exert a sex-specific impact on biobehavioural responses.
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Adaptación Psicológica , Corticosterona , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , Ratas Wistar , Receptores de Glucocorticoides , Estrés Psicológico , Animales , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Corticosterona/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/farmacología , Estrés Psicológico/metabolismo , Ratas , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ambiente , Conducta Social , Conducta Animal , Región CA3 Hipocampal/metabolismo , Aceites de Pescado/farmacología , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of fish oil in preventing cardiovascular events is still debating. Some studies indicate a correlation between the use of fish oil supplements and reduced mortality or decreased incidence of stroke. However, other studies show no significant association between fish oil intake and stroke prevention, indicating an ongoing debate. This study aimed at exploring which subjects may benefit more from fish oil supplementation. METHODS: This study utilized the data obtained through face-to-face interview from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study in Aging (TLSA). A total of 3,652 participants were included from the 2003 baseline data, after excluding patients with pre-existing ischemic heart disease or stroke. Participants were divided into two groups based on whether taking fish oil supplement or not. Participants were followed until 2015, estimating and comparing the all-cause mortality and cumulative incidence rate of stroke between both groups. RESULTS: The results of the 12-year longitudinal study showed that the cumulative incidence rate of stroke in the fish oil supplementation group was 5.7%, compared to 7.7% in the non-supplemented group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the crude hazard ratio for stroke was significantly lower in the fish oil supplementation group (HR = 0.686;95% CI 0.476-0.987). However, after adjusting potential confounders, the adjusted risk of stroke was lower only for the diabetic patients supplemented with fish oil (aHR = 0.123; 95% CI 0.016-0.930) compared to non-diabetic patients (aHR = 0.917; 95% CI 0.616-1.364). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that there is an association between fish oil supplementation and a lower cumulative incidence rate of subsequent stroke among diabetic patients.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Suplementos Dietéticos , Aceites de Pescado , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Humanos , Taiwán/epidemiología , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Femenino , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Anciano , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Incidencia , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/prevención & control , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
Since veal production has declined in the U.S., American veal producers are currently making efforts to implement new production standards to improve product quality and animal welfare. In this study, we hypothesized that diets containing brewery grains, starch and omega-3 fatty acids could lower a blood stress indicator and improve meat quality, mostly from a nutritional value stand point. Holstein bull calves with approximately 94.67 ± 12.07 kg of body weight and two months old were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments. Diets were formulated with nonmedicated milk replacer, microbreweries spent grains, and a mineral mix (CONTROL); CONTROL + isolated maize starch (STARCH); and CONTROL +3% fish oil (OMEGA-3). Veal calves fed all three diets were heavier than calves of the same age from experiments reported in the existing literature. Dietary treatments did not affect carcass weights, pH, color, moisture, sensory attributes, volatile profile, and fat quality indexes. Calves fed STARCH and OMEGA-3 showed the lowest levels of blood cortisol. Veal fed CONTROL and OMEGA-3 had higher concentrations of ΣMUFA when compared with STARCH. Veal fed OMEGA-3 had the highest concentrations of EPA, DHA, and Σn-3. Veal from all treatments had very high concentrations of ΣMUFA, mostly driven by high levels of c-9 18:1 n-9 from the milk replacer. Feeding OMEGA-3 lowered blood cortisol and increased levels of EPA and DHA without harming sensory attributes. Overall, including brewery grains, starch and fish oil in liquid diets containing milk replacer can improve veal production.
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Alimentación Animal , Dieta , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , Aceites de Pescado , Almidón , Animales , Bovinos , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Dieta/veterinaria , Masculino , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/análisis , Grano Comestible/química , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Carne Roja/análisis , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Valor Nutritivo , HumanosRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate and analyze the effects of a flushing diet containing Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from Lemuru (Sardinella sp) fish oil on the reproductive performance parameters of Garut ewes. Forty (n = 40) primiparous Garut ewes aged 12-14 months with an average body weight of 28.92 ± 4.94 kg were assigned into four experimental treatment groups. The experimental diets contained roughage: concentrate (30:70%) designated as control concentrate (CNT), flushing concentrate with 6% palm oil (PO), flushing concentrate with 3% palm oil mixed with 3% lemuru oil as DHA and EPA sources (PFO), and flushing concentrate with the addition of 6% lemuru oil (FO). Treatment animals were fed two weeks before and after conception and parturition (8 weeks of total flushing treatment). The addition of fish oil at either 3% (PFO) or 6% (FO) resulted in significantly higher reproductive performance of ewes by increasing the litter size, as reflected by the birth of multiple kids (P < 0.05) compared to CNT and PO. Adding fish oil (PFO and FO) also maintains gestation, resulting in increased lamb yield, especially in the FO treatment, which yields the highest lamb yield (0% single lamb birth). The lamb male ratio was also higher with fish oil supplementation (PFO and PO) (P < 0.05). This research revealed a positive effect of 6% Lemuru oil on decreasing embryo loss and increasing the proportion of twin births. These findings thus support the hypothesis that ration flushing with double the required DHA and EPA from 6% Lemuru fish oil (FO) resulted in significantly higher reproductive performance in Garut sheep.
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Alimentación Animal , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico , Aceites de Pescado , Animales , Femenino , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/farmacología , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/análisis , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/análisis , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/farmacología , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Dieta/veterinaria , Oveja Doméstica/fisiología , EmbarazoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although fish oil has been considered to have an anti-inflammatory effect and has been proven to play a beneficial role in the incidence of numerous diseases, the association between fish oil supplementation and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is still unknown. This study aimed at evaluating the correlation between fish oil use and incident SLE in a large population-based prospective cohort. METHODS: 390,277 participants without SLE at baseline from the UK Biobank were enrolled. Fish oil use was ascertained through a touchscreen questionnaire at baseline. The incidence of SLE was identified by the International Classification of Diseases version 10 code in medical records or self-report. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to estimate the association between fish oil use and SLE risk. RESULTS: Fish oil users accounted for 31.47% of participants. During a median follow-up duration of 11.57 years, 141 participants without fish oil use (4.56/100 000 person-years) and 68 participants with fish oil use (4.78/100 000 person-years) developed SLE. In four models with adjustments for different amounts of confounders, there was no significant difference in the risk of SLE between fish oil users and fish oil non-users (all p-values > 0.05). In subgroup analyses, we found that fish oil supplementation was associated with a lower risk of SLE among females with ultraviolet radiation ≥ 3 h/day (hazard ratio: 0.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.40-0.98), which turned insignificant after further adjustment for female-related factors and sun protection measures. CONCLUSIONS: No significant association between fish oil use and overall incident SLE was observed, except in females exposed to prolonged ultraviolet radiation. Subgroup analysis suggested that females exposed to prolonged ultraviolet radiation might benefit from fish oil supplementation in terms of preventing SLE, but it needs to be confirmed in further studies.
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Suplementos Dietéticos , Aceites de Pescado , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico , Humanos , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/epidemiología , Femenino , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Estudios Prospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Incidencia , Adulto , Factores de Riesgo , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , AncianoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is a consistent association between exposure to air pollution and elevated rates of cardiopulmonary illnesses. As public health activities emphasize the paramount need to reduce exposure, it is crucial to examine strategies like the antioxidant diet that could potentially protect individuals who are unavoidably exposed. METHODS: A systematic search was performed in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to March 31, 2023, for clinical trials assessing dietary supplements against cardiovascular (blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, brachial artery diameter, flow-mediated dilation, and lipid profile) or pulmonary outcomes (pulmonary function and airway inflammation) attributed to air pollution exposure. RESULTS: After reviewing 4681 records, 18 studies were included. There were contradictory findings on the effects of fish oil and olive oil supplementations on cardiovascular outcomes. Although with limited evidence, fish oil offered protection against pulmonary dysfunction induced by pollutants. Most studies on vitamin C did not find protective cardiovascular effects; however, the combination of vitamin C and E offered protective effects against pulmonary dysfunction but showed conflicting results for cardiovascular outcomes. Other supplements like sulforaphane, L-arginine, n-acetylcysteine, and B vitamins showed potential beneficial effects but need further research due to the limited number of existing trials. CONCLUSIONS: Although more research is needed to determine the efficacy and optimal dose of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant dietary supplements against air pollution toxicity, this low-cost preventative strategy has the potential to offer protection against outcomes of air pollution exposure.
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Contaminación del Aire , Suplementos Dietéticos , Humanos , Contaminación del Aire/efectos adversos , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to provide preliminary data on the effect of a long chain monounsaturated oil rich in cetoleic acid on the omega-3 index, a validated measure of EPA and DHA in blood cells, as well as a potential effect of the oil on skin quality. DESIGN: Two intervention studies were performed, each as double blinded, placebo controlled, randomised nutritional trials. The CetoIndex study (N = 55) measured omega-3 index using a blood spot collection kit (Omegaquant). The Optihud study (N = 28) measured skin quality parameters in healthy women using the VISIA system. The cetoleic-rich-oil (CRO) was an oil derived from North Atlantic fish with a predominance of long chain mono-unsaturated fatty acids including cetoleic acid (C22:1 n-11) and gondoic acid (C20:1 n-9). RESULTS: In a placebo-controlled study, the omega-3 index in healthy volunteers was increased similar to that seen with an oil with higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids. In a separate placebo-controlled study, the CRO reduced erythema in skin, which is a marker of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study suggest that the use of a CRO increases the omega-3 index more than expected from the levels of EPA and DHA in the oil. The CRO may potentially have benefits on skin inflammation. SUMMARY: Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are commonly taken as dietary supplements for a range of health benefits. Other marine fatty acids may also provide health benefits and it is of interest to understand their activity. Long chain mono-unsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFA) have shown biological activity in studies of metabolic health in animal models. Here, we report two intervention studies using a fish oil with a high LCMUFA content where cetoleic acid is the predominant fatty acid (Cetoleic rich oil: CRO). In CetoIndex, a placebo-controlled study in 55 healthy volunteers, the omega-3 index increased similarly to that seen with an oil containing higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids. In Optihud, a placebo-controlled study in 28 female volunteers, the CRO reduced erythema in skin, which is a marker of inflammation. The results of this pilot study support the use of a CRO for increasing the omega-3 index with potential benefits on skin inflammation.
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Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , Aceites de Pescado , Piel , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Aceites de Pescado/farmacología , Aceites de Pescado/química , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/farmacología , Método Doble Ciego , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/química , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
To evaluate the fatty acid (FA) metabolism status and possibility as a DHA source of farmed Onychostoma macrolepis, a total of 168 fish (2.03 ± 0.23 g) were fed four diets supplemented with fish oil (FO), linseed oil (LO), soybean oil (SO), and a mixture of LO and SO oil (MO), respectively, for 70 days. Body FA compositions were modified reflecting dietary FAs. Comparing liver and intestine fatty acids with fish fed four diets, the content of ARA in fish fed SO was significantly higher than others (P < 0.05), but showed no difference in muscle. The tissue FA profile showed that the FO-fed group successfully deposited DHA, while the LO-fed group converted ALA to DHA effectively, as well as the liver and intestine EPA was notably highest in the FO group, whereas no difference between the FO and LO group in the muscle. The FA results showed that the DHA contents in the muscle of Onychostoma macrolepis are at a medium-high level compared with several other fish species with the highest aquaculture yield. Correspondingly, in the fish fed diet with LO, SO, and MO, the genes of most FA biosynthesis, transportation, and transcriptional regulation factors were increased in the liver and muscle, but no significant difference was observed in the gene expression of Elovl4b, FATP1, and FABP10 in the muscle. In addition, the enzyme activity involved in PUFA metabolism was higher in fish fed vegetable oil-based diets, corroborating the results of the gene expression. Increased in vivo elongase and desaturase (Δ5, Δ6, and Δ9) activities were recorded in fish fed fish oil-devoid diets, which resulted in the appearance of products associated with elongase and desaturase activities in fish. Besides, as the specific n-3 PUFA synthesis substrate, the dietary supplementation of ALA not only retains most of the nutrition value but also ensures the muscular texture, such as fiber diameter and density. It is concluded that farmed O. macrolepis owns strong n-3 LC-PUFA biosynthetic capacity and high DHA contents so it can be a good DHA source for the population.
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Ácidos Grasos , Aceites de Pescado , Aceites de Plantas , Animales , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Aceites de Pescado/farmacología , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Dieta/veterinaria , Hígado/metabolismo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Elongasas de Ácidos Grasos/genética , Elongasas de Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Aceite de Linaza/farmacología , Aceite de Linaza/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus type 2 are among the most important metabolic diseases globally. Diet plays a vital role in the development and progression of both clinical pictures. For the 10-week randomized, controlled, intervention study, 67 subjects with elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations (≥1.7 mmol/L) and 69 subjects with elevated fasting glucose concentrations (≥5.6 < 7.0 mmol/L) were recruited. The intervention groups received specially developed, individualized menu plans and regular counseling sessions to lower (A) TG or (B) fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c as well as other cardiovascular and diabetic risk factors. The hypertriglyceridemia intervention group was further supplemented with fish oil (3.5 g/d eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid). The two control groups maintained a typical Western diet. Blood samples were taken every 2 weeks, and anthropometric data were collected. A follow-up examination was conducted after another 10 weeks. In both intervention groups, there were comparable significant reductions in blood lipids, glucose metabolism, and anthropometric parameters. These results were, with a few exceptions, significantly more pronounced in the intervention groups than in the corresponding control groups (comparison of percentage change from baseline). In particular, body weight was reduced by 7.4% (6.4 kg) and 7.5% (5.9 kg), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations by 19.8% (0.8 mmol/L) and 13.0% (0.5 mmol/L), TG concentrations by 18.2% (0.3 mmol/L) and 13.0% (0.2 mmol/L), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance by 31.8% (1.1) and 26.4% (0.9) (p < 0.05) in the hypertriglyceridemia and prediabetes intervention groups, respectively. Some of these changes were maintained until follow-up. In patients with elevated TG or fasting glucose, implementing individualized menu plans in combination with regular counseling sessions over 10 weeks led to a significant improvement in cardiovascular and diabetic risk factors.
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Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hipertrigliceridemia , Estado Prediabético , Triglicéridos , Humanos , Estado Prediabético/sangre , Estado Prediabético/dietoterapia , Estado Prediabético/terapia , Hipertrigliceridemia/sangre , Hipertrigliceridemia/dietoterapia , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Triglicéridos/sangre , Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedad Cardiaca , Adulto , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Factores de Riesgo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , AncianoRESUMEN
Beneficial health effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are partly attributed to specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which promote inflammation resolution. Strategies to improve n-3 PUFA conversion to SPMs may, therefore, be useful to treat or prevent chronic inflammatory disorders. Here, we explored a synbiotic strategy to increase circulating SPM precursor levels. Healthy participants (n = 72) received either SynΩ3 (250 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) lysine salts; two billion CFU Bacillus megaterium; n = 23), placebo (n = 24), or fish oil (300 mg EPA plus DHA; N = 25) capsules daily for 28 days in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled parallel 3-group design. Biomarkers were assessed at baseline and after 2 and 28 days of intervention. The primary analysis involved the comparison between SynΩ3 and placebo. In addition, SynΩ3 was compared to fish oil. The synbiotic SynΩ3 comprising Bacillus megaterium DSM 32963 and n-3 PUFA salts significantly increased circulating SPM precursor levels, including 18-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) plus 5-HEPE, which was not achieved to this extent by fish oil with a similar n-3 PUFA content. Omega-3 indices were increased slightly by both SynΩ3 and fish oil. These findings suggest reconsidering conventional n-3 PUFA supplementation and testing the effectiveness of SynΩ3 particularly in conditions related to inflammation.
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Bacillus megaterium , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , Simbióticos , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Método Doble Ciego , Simbióticos/administración & dosificación , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/sangre , Adulto Joven , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Biomarcadores/sangre , Voluntarios Sanos , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
CONTEXT: Menhaden fish oil (FO) is widely recognized for inhibiting neuroinflammatory responses and preserving brain function. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of FO influencing brain cognitive function in diabetic states remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the potential role of FO in suppressing LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in diabetic animals (DA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: i) DA received LPS induction (DA-LPS); ii) DA received LPS induction and 1 g/kg FO (DA-LPS-1FO); iii) DA received LPS induction and 3 g/kg FO (DA-LPS-3FO); iv) animals received normal saline and 3 g/kg FO (NS-3FO) and v) control animals received normal saline (CTRL). Y-maze test was used to measure cognitive performance, while brain samples were collected for inflammatory markers and morphological analysis. RESULTS: DA received LPS induction, and 1 or 3 g/kg FO significantly inhibited hyperglycaemia and brain inflammation, as evidenced by lowered levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. Additionally, both DA-LPS-1FO and DA-LPS-3FO groups exhibited a notable reduction in neuronal damage and glial cell migration compared to the other groups. These results were correlated with the increasing number of entries and time spent in the novel arm of the Y-maze test. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study indicates that supplementation of menhaden FO inhibits the LPS signaling pathway and protects against neuroinflammation, consequently maintaining cognitive performance in diabetic animals. Thus, the current study suggested that fish oil may be effective as a supporting therapy option for diabetes to avoid diabetes-cognitive impairment.
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Disfunción Cognitiva , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Suplementos Dietéticos , Aceites de Pescado , Lipopolisacáridos , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Masculino , Aceites de Pescado/farmacología , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Ratas , Disfunción Cognitiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias/tratamiento farmacológico , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a DrogaRESUMEN
This study investigated the influence of polyunsaturated fatty acid composition and vitamin E supplementation on oxidative status and immune responses in weanling piglets pre- and post-E. coli challenge. Suckling piglets (n = 24) were randomly selected from two litters for an oral supplementation (1 mL/day) with fish oil or hemp oil and vitamin E supplementation (60 mg natural vitamin E/mL oil) from day 10 to 28 of age. At day 29 and 30 of age, each piglet was orally inoculated with 6.7 × 108 and 3.96 × 108 CFU of F4 and F18 E. coli, respectively. Blood was sampled from all piglets on day 28 before E. coli challenge and on day 35 of age to investigate immunological and oxidative stress markers in plasma. One week after weaning and exposure to E. coli, a general reduction in the α-tocopherol concentration and activity of GPX1 was obtained. Vitamin E supplementation lowered the extent of lipid peroxidation and improved the antioxidative status and immune responses after E. coli challenge. Hemp oil had the greatest effect on antioxidant enzyme activity. Provision of hemp oil and vitamin E to suckling piglets may reduce the incidence of post-weaning diarrhea.
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Cannabis , Suplementos Dietéticos , Infecciones por Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli , Aceites de Pescado , Oxidación-Reducción , Vitamina E , Animales , Vitamina E/farmacología , Porcinos , Aceites de Pescado/farmacología , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Cannabis/química , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/inmunología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/prevención & control , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Destete , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Dietary supplementation of ruminants with fish oil is a strategy for favorably modifying the fatty acid composition of milk fat. This study investigated the effect of supplementing cows' diet with fish oil after low-temperature crystallisation (LTC-FO) compared to its raw form (FO) on milk yield, milk components (fat, protein, and lactose), and milk fatty acid profile. Twenty-four mid-lactating multiparous Polish Holstein-Friesian cows fed a total-mix ration were randomly assigned to two homogeneous groups (n = 12 cows each) and supplemented with LTC-FO or FO at 1% of dry matter. Milk samples were collected on days 14 and 30 of the 30-day experiment. No significant differences between the groups in terms of milk yield, milk protein, and lactose content were found, however, the fat yield and content decreased in the LTC-FO group. Milk fat from cows in the LTC-FO group contained significantly higher levels of C18:1 trans-11, C18:2 cis-9, trans-11, C18:3n - 3, C20:5, and C22:6, and lower levels of saturated fatty acids compared to the FO group (p < 0.05). Therefore, LTC-FO may be a more efficient feed additive than FO and may serve as a practical way to modify the fatty acid composition of milk fat.
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Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , Ácidos Grasos , Aceites de Pescado , Lactancia , Leche , Animales , Bovinos , Leche/química , Leche/metabolismo , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/análisis , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/metabolismo , Femenino , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Dieta/veterinariaRESUMEN
Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS), insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Here we examined several morphometric and biochemical parameters linked to MS in a rodent litter size reduction model, and how a 30-day fish oil (FO) supplementation affected these parameters. On day 3 post-birth, pups were divided into groups of ten or three. On day 22, rats were split into control (C) and small litter (SL) until 60 days old. Then, after metabolic disturbance and obesity were confirmed, FO supplementation started for 30 days and the new groups were named control (C), FO supplemented (FO), obese (Ob), and obese FO supplemented (ObFO). Comparison was performed by Student t-test or 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. At the end of the 60-day period, SL rats were hyperphagic, obese, hypoinsulinemic, normoglycemic, and had high visceral fat depot and high interleukin (IL)-6 plasma concentration. Obese rats at 90 days of age were fatter, hyperphagic, hyperglycemic, hypertriacylgliceromic, hipoinsulinemic, with low innate immune response. IL-6 production ex vivo was higher, but in plasma it was not different from the control group. FO supplementation brought all biochemical changes to normal values, normalized food intake, and reduced body weight and fat mass in obese rats. The innate immune response was improved but still not as efficient as in lean animals. Our results suggested that as soon MS appears, FO supplementation must be used to ameliorate the morpho- and biochemical effects caused by MS and improve the innate immune response.
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Suplementos Dietéticos , Aceites de Pescado , Síndrome Metabólico , Obesidad , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Síndrome Metabólico/dietoterapia , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Obesidad/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratas , Resistencia a la Insulina , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Grasa Intraabdominal/efectos de los fármacos , Interleucina-6/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , FemeninoRESUMEN
Focused perioperative nutrition strategies have proven benefits on the outcomes for patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. In this brief article, we will review these strategies and the evidence to support them with a focus on gastrointestinal anastomotic healing. We will elaborate the risks and benefits of enteral feeds, immune- and metabolic-modulating formulas, prebiotics and probiotics, and prehabilitation in preparation for surgery. Additionally, we will discuss the role of fish oils (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) in the surgical patient and new data on specialized proresolving mediators in inflammation resolution. Finally, this article will consider the harmful impact surgical trauma has on the microbiome and the potential for perioperative dietary modulation to attenuate these negative effects.
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Nutrición Enteral , Atención Perioperativa , Prebióticos , Probióticos , Humanos , Atención Perioperativa/métodos , Prebióticos/administración & dosificación , Nutrición Enteral/métodos , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos del Sistema Digestivo/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Cicatrización de Heridas , InflamaciónRESUMEN
The global egg industry is rapidly transitioning to cage-free egg production from conventional cages. Hens housed in cage-free systems have an increased prevalence of keel damage that could lead to reduced egg production and compromised well-being. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of n-3 fatty acids and vitamin D3 on keel damage in hens housed in multi-tier aviary systems (AV). Brown hens were placed in 4 AV system rooms after rearing at 17 wk of age (woa) with each room containing 576 birds. At 12 woa, rooms were randomly assigned to a dietary treatment of flaxseed oil, fish oil, vitamin D3, or control. Focal birds (36 per treatment) were longitudinally examined for keel damage using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) at nine timepoints from 16 to 52 woa. Three-dimensional digital twins of the keels were created from the QCT scans and visually assessed for damage. An overall keel severity score was recorded as well as the location, direction, and severity of each deviation or fracture. Severity was ranked on a 0 to 5 scale with 0 being no damage and 5 being severe. Damage scores were analyzed utilizing odds ratios with main effects of age and treatment. At 16 woa, 80% of hens had overall keel scores of 0 and 20% had scores of 1. At 52 woa, all hens had damage, with 31% having a score of 1, 61% scored 2 to 3, and 8% scored 4 to 5. Most fractures were not observed until peak lay. Dietary treatments did not affect likelihood of fracture incidences, but younger birds had lower odds of incurring keel fractures than older birds (P < 0.0001). The initial incidences of keel deviations occurred earlier than fractures, with most birds obtaining a keel deviation by 28 woa. Keel damage was not able to be prevented, but the age at which keel fractures and deviations initiate appear to be different, with deviations occurring during growth and fractures during lay.
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Pollos , Dieta , Esternón , Animales , Pollos/fisiología , Femenino , Dieta/veterinaria , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Colecalciferol/administración & dosificación , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/administración & dosificación , Distribución Aleatoria , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Vivienda para Animales , Fracturas Óseas/veterinaria , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinaria , Imagenología Tridimensional/veterinariaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This narrative review aimed to summarize studies assessing the effects of parenteral fish oil on neurodevelopment in preterm infants. METHODS: PubMed was searched (July 1985 to October 2023). We reviewed randomized controlled trials, and observational studies assessing intravenous lipid emulsion with fish oil in preterm infants (born less than 37 weeks' gestation), that reported long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. RESULTS: We identified four publications relating to three randomized controlled trials in addition to four cohort studies. Study designs and outcomes were heterogenous and precluded meta-analyses. Results of trials were null for a selection of neurodevelopmental outcomes, however possible benefits of parenteral fish oil supplementation for neurodevelopment was reported in three cohort studies. Certainty of the evidence is hindered by methodological limitations of available trials and observational studies. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is required to firmly establish the effects of parenteral fish oil on preterm neurodevelopment.