A very rare presentation of mitochondrial elongation factor Tu deficiency-TUFM mutation and literature review.

OBJECTIVES: The mitochondrial elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), encoded by the TUFM gene, is a GTPase, which is part of the mitochondrial protein translation mechanism. If it is activated, it delivers the aminoacyl-tRNAs to the mitochondrial ribosome. Here, a patient was described with a homozygous missense variant in the TUFM [c.1016G>A (p.Arg339Gln)] gene. To date, only six patients have been reported with bi-allelic pathogenic variants in TUFM, leading to combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 4 (COXPD4) characterized by severe early-onset lactic acidosis, encephalopathy, and cardiomyopathy. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient presented here had the phenotypic features of TUFM-related disease, lactic acidosis, hypotonia, liver dysfunction, optic atrophy, and mild encephalopathy. CONCLUSIONS: We aimed to expand the clinical spectrum of pathogenic variants of TUFM.

Mitochondrial phosphate-carrier deficiency mimicking infantile-onset Pompe disease.

The mitochondrial phosphate carrier is critical for adenosine triphosphate synthesis by serving as the primary means for mitochondrial phosphate import across the inner membrane. Variants in the SLC25A3 gene coding mitochondrial phosphate carrier lead to failure in inorganic phosphate transport across mitochondria. The critical dependence on mitochondria as an energy source is especially evident in tissues with high-energy demands such as the heart, muscle; defects in the mitochondrial energy production machinery underlie a wide range of primary mitochondrial disorders that present with cardiac and muscle diseases. The characteristic clinical picture of a prominent early-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and lactic acidosis may be an indication for analysis of the SLC25A3 gene. Here, described a patient with suspicion of infantile Pompe disease due to involvement of heart and muscle and high-level of plasma creatinine kinase but finally diagnosed mitochondrial phosphate-carrier deficiency.

Novel compound heterozygous mutations of the FBP1 gene in a patient with hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) deficiency, caused by an FBP1 mutation, is an autosomal recessively inherited metabolic disorder characterized by impaired gluconeogenesis. Due to the rarity of FBPase deficiency, the mechanism by which the mutations cause enzyme activity loss still remains unclear. METHODS: We report a pediatric patient with typical FBPase deficiency who presented with hypoglycemia, hyperlactatemia, metabolic acidosis, and hyperuricemia. Whole-exome sequencing was used to search for pathogenic genes, Sanger sequencing was used for verification, and molecular dynamic simulation was used to evaluate how the novel mutation affects FBPase activity and structural stability. RESULTS: Direct and allele-specific sequence analysis of the FBP1 gene (NM_000507) revealed that the proband had a compound heterozygote for the c. 490 (exon 4) G>A (p. G164S) and c. 861 (exon 7) C>A (p. Y287X, 52), which he inherited from his carrier parents. His father and mother had heterozygous G164S and Y287X mutations, respectively, without any symptoms of hypoglycemia. CONCLUSION: Our results broaden the known mutational spectrum and possible clinical phenotype of FBP1.

Pseudo-infarto cerebral como primera manifestación de un MELAS tardío / Stroke-like as the first debut late onset MELAS

MELAS is an acronym for the convergence of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy lactic acidosis and stroke like episodes. It was described by Pavlakis et al. in 1984.This is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the maternal mitochondrial genome, affecting the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. The mutations have heteroplasmic loads on different tissues, which could specially involve those highly energy-dependent such as muscles, brain and CNS tissues. We describe a 33 year old female presenting migraine headaches associated to stroke-like episodes, related to an infection. Neurological manifestations include language and visual disturbances. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed low-intensity areas, predominantly in the temporal, parietal and occipital left lobes. She further presented a status epilepticus. The complementary study shows elevated basal and post exercise lactic acidosis, ragged red fibers in the muscle biopsy, and the mutation of A3243G in the mitochondrial genome. Her asymptomatic mother and sister showed ragged red fibers in muscle biopsy. The patient showed clinical and radiological features improvement, maintaining non epileptic slow focal occipital discharges in the electroencephalogram. The assumption is that this mitochondrial disorder could be more frequent than detected in our medium, given that a significant number of women could be just asymptomatic bearers (Like the patient's mother and sister). This pathology should always be assessed in patients less than 40 years of age with strokes, regardless whether they have family history with the disease.

MELAS es un acrónimo inglés que define la convergencia de miopatía mitocondrial, encefalopatía, acidosis láctica y episodios de pseudo-infarto cerebral, descrita por Pavlakis et al, en 1984. Es una enfermedad mitocondrial originada por mutaciones en el genoma mitocondrial materno. Se afectan las funciones aeróbicas como consecuencia del déficit que se produce en la generación de adenosina trifosfato (ATP). El compromiso de los distintos tejidos es variable, debido a la heteroplasmia de la mutación, aunque preferentemente se suelen dañar el tejido muscular y el sistema nervioso central, tejidos con mayores requerimientos energéticos. Presentamos una paciente de 33 años que inicia su enfermedad con un síndrome jaquecoso, seguido de un episodio de pseudo infarto cerebral, en relación a un cuadro infeccioso. Clínicamente, evolucionó con alteraciones visuales y del lenguaje que eran concordantes con las áreas de hipointensidad en ambas cortezas temporales y en la corteza del lóbulo parietal y occipital izquierdo, vistas en la Resonancia Magnética. Varios días después de su ingreso cursó con un estatus epiléptico. Su estudio demostró aumento de la lactoacidemia de reposo (39,7) y de esfuerzo (89,4). En la biopsia muscular se observó la presencia de fibras rojas raídas, al igual que en su madre y hermana menor, ambas asintomáticas. El análisis genético demostró la presencia de la mutación A3243G del genoma mitocondrial, estimada en un 26 por ciento del total. La paciente mejoró espontánea y completamente en lo clínico y radiológico, sólo mantuvo una actividad lenta occipital izquierda, de carácter no epiléptico. Se presume que esta alteración mitocondrial podría ser más frecuente de lo detectado en nuestro medio, porque numerosas mujeres podrían ser sólo portadoras asintomáticas (como la madre y hermana de la paciente). Es una patología que debiera investigarse siempre en los accidentes vasculares de jóvenes menores de 40 años, aunque no tengan antecedentes familiar.