Incidência de casos confirmados de dengue no Estado do Paraná Brasil nos anos de 2016 a 2021 / Incidence of confirmed dengue cases in the State of Paraná Brazil in the years of 2016 to 2021 / Incidencia de casos confirmados de dengue en el Estado de Paraná Brasil en los años 2016 a 2021

A dengue é uma doença dolorosa e debilitante transmitida por insetos da espécie Aedes aegypti. Ela é definida como uma doença viral que, nos últimos anos, se espalhou vertiginosamente por todas as regiões tropicais e subtropicais do planeta. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e discutir o número e a taxa de incidência de casos de dengue no estado do Paraná utilizando-se dos boletins emitidos por semana epidemiológica nos anos de 2016 a 2021, considerando a sazonalidade da doença. Também se objetivou debater a incidência por macrorregional, as possíveis causas de períodos epidêmicos e ações de combate vetorial para redução dos casos da patologia. Foram utilizados como fonte de informações o banco de dados da Dengue/SVS/SESA, por meio de informes técnicos, disponibilizados pelo portal online de Boletins da Dengue Paraná da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Paraná. Conclui-se que o ano epidemiológico de 2019/2020 foi o de maior incidência e os anos epidemiológicos 2016/2017 e 2017/2018 apresentaram os menores casos durante todo período analisado. Dessa forma, a vigilância epidemiológica é muito importante para avaliação espacial da distribuição de casos para execução de ações estratégicas para redução da infestação do vetor. As políticas públicas e a disponibilização de inseticidas para aplicação também são essenciais para o combate da Dengue.

Dengue is a painful and debilitating disease transmitted by insects of the Aedes aegypti species. It is defined as a viral disease that, in recent years, has spread vertiginously throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the planet. This study aimed to identify and discuss the number and incidence rate of dengue cases in the state of Paraná using the bulletins issued by epidemiological week in the years 2016 to 2021, considering the seasonality of the disease. The aim was also to discuss the incidence per macro-region, the possible causes of epidemic periods, and vectorial combat actions to reduce the cases of the pathology. The Dengue/SVS/SESA database was used as a source of information, through technical reports, made available by the online portal of Dengue Paraná Bulletins of the Paraná State Health Department. It is concluded that the epidemiological year 2019/2020 was the one with the highest incidence and the epidemiological years 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 had the lowest cases during the entire period analyzed. Thus, epidemiological surveillance is very important for the spatial assessment of the distribution of cases to carry out strategic actions to reduce vector infestation. Public policies and the availability of insecticides for application are also essential to combat Dengue.

El dengue es una enfermedad dolorosa y debilitante transmitida por insectos de la especie Aedes aegypti. Se define como una enfermedad viral que, en los últimos años, se ha extendido vertiginosamente por las regiones tropicales y subtropicales del planeta. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar y discutir el número y la tasa de incidencia de los casos de dengue en el estado de Paraná utilizando los boletines emitidos por la semana epidemiológica en los años 2016 a 2021, considerando la estacionalidad de la enfermedad. También se pretendía discutir la incidencia por macrorregiones, las posibles causas de los periodos epidémicos y las acciones de control de vectores para la reducción de los casos de la enfermedad. Se utilizó como fuente de información la base de datos de Dengue/SVS/SESA, por medio de informes técnicos, puestos a disposición por el portal online de Boletines de Dengue Paraná de la Secretaría de Salud del Estado de Paraná. Se concluye que el año epidemiológico 2019/2020 fue el de mayor incidencia y los años epidemiológicos 2016/2017 y 2017/2018 presentaron los menores casos durante todo el periodo analizado. Por lo tanto, la vigilancia epidemiológica es muy importante para la evaluación espacial de la distribución de los casos para la implementación de acciones estratégicas para reducir la infestación del vector. Las políticas públicas y la disponibilidad de insecticidas para su aplicación también son esenciales para combatir el dengue.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti SE 25 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito SE 25

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 25.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti SE 17 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito SE 17

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 17 de 2022.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti SE 19 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito SE 19

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 19.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti SE 14 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito SE 14

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 14 de 2022.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti SE 15 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito SE 15

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 15.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti SE 16 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito SE 16

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 16 de 2022.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti SE 12 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito SE 12

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 12, de 2022.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti SE 13 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito SE 13

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 13 de 2022.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti SE 8 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 8.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti hasta SE 9 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito until SE 9

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 9.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti hasta SE 10 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito until SE 10

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 10.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti SE 11 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito SE 11

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 11.

Standardised bioassays reveal that mosquitoes learn to avoid compounds used in chemical vector control after a single sub-lethal exposure.

Vector-borne diseases are worldwide public health issues. Despite research focused on vectorial capacity determinants in pathogen transmitting mosquitoes, their behavioural plasticity remains poorly understood. Memory and associative learning have been linked to behavioural changes in several insect species, but their relevance in behavioural responses to pesticide vector control has been largely overlooked. In this study, female Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciastus were exposed to sub-lethal doses of 5 pesticide compounds using modified World Health Organization (WHO) tube bioassays. Conditioned females, subsequently exposed to the same pesticides in WHO tunnel assays, exhibited behavioural avoidance by forgoing blood-feeding to ensure survival. Standardized resting site choice tests showed that pre-exposed females avoided the pesticides smell and choose to rest in a pesticide-free compartment. These results showed that, following a single exposure, mosquitoes can associate the olfactory stimulus of pesticides with their detrimental effects and subsequently avoid pesticide contact. Findings highlight the importance of mosquito cognition as determinants of pesticide resistance in mosquito populations targeted by chemical control.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 7.

Molecular characterization, gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis, phytochemical screening and insecticidal activities of ethanol extract of Lentinus squarrosulus against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus).

Mosquito-transmitted diseases like zika, dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever are known to affect human health worldwide. Numerous synthetic insecticides have been used as vector control for these diseases, but there is the challenge of environmental toxicity and vector resistance. This study investigated the medicinal and insecticidal potential of Lentinus squarrosulus against Aedes aegypti. The fruiting bodies were identified morphologically as well as using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences for its molecular characterization. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) yield was confirmed with NanoDrop Spectrophotometer ND-1000 and amplified with ITSl and ITS4 primers. The amplicons were sequenced and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database identified the nucleotides. Its ethanol extract was subjected to phytochemical screening and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and tested against the pupa and fourth instar larva of Aedes aegypti with percentage mortality monitored. The Macrofungus was identified morphologically and confirmed with molecular characterization as Lentinus squarrosulus (LS). The gene sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession number MK629662.1). GC-MS analysis showed that its ethanol extract has 25 bioactive compounds with 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester having the highest percentage of 43.32% as well as methyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetate and 17-octadecynoic acid having the lowest percentage (0.09%). The macrofungus contained varied concentrations of phytochemicals including phenols (159 mg/g GAE), tannins (1.6 mg/g TAE), and flavonoids (31.4 mg/g QE). The ethanol extract had significant potent effects on Aedes aegypti larva and pupa which could be due to the occurrence and abundance of 9,12-octadecadienoic acid in LS. The LC50 of the extract for larvicidal and pupicidal activities were 2.95 mg/mL and 3.55 mg/mL, respectively, while its LC90 were 6.31 mg/mL and 5.75 mg/mL respectively. Lentinus squarrosulus had insecticidal effects against the Aedes aegypti larva and pupa and possessed great potential as a source of alternative medicine and eco-friendly insecticides.

Morphology and taxonomic status of Aedes aegypti populations across Senegal.

Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, Zika, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses to humans. In Africa, two subspecies, Ae. aegypti aegypti (Aaa) and Ae. aegypti formosus (Aaf) have been described. Until very recently, it was considered that the two forms were sympatric in East Africa and that only Aaf was present in Central and West Africa. However, recent data suggests that Aaa was also common in Senegal without any clear evidence of genetic differences with Aaf. This study was carried out in different Ae. aegypti populations from Senegal to better clarify their taxonomic status. The larvae, pupae and eggs were collected between July and September 2018 and reared individually to adult stage. For each population, F1 progeny from eggs laid by a single female F0 were reared as sibling samples. The number of pale scales on the first abdominal tergite (T1) and the basal part of the second tergite (T2) were counted. Individuals with no pale scale on T1 were classified as Aaf while those with at least one pale scale on this tergite were classified as Aaa. The morphological variations within families of Aaf were studied across 4 generations. In total, 2400 individuals constituting 240 families were identified, of which 42.5% were heterogeneous (families with both forms). Multivariate statistical analysis of variance including T1 and T2 data together showed that populations were significantly different from each other. Statistical analysis of T1 alone showed a similarity between populations from the southeast while variations were observed within northwest population. The analysis of family composition across generations showed the presence of Aaa and Aaf forms in each generation. The classification of Ae. aegypti into two subspecies is invalid in Senegal. Populations exhibit morphological polymorphism at the intra-family level that could have biological and epidemiological impacts.

Dengue virus dominates lipid metabolism modulations in Wolbachia-coinfected Aedes aegypti.

Competition between viruses and Wolbachia for host lipids is a proposed mechanism of Wolbachia-mediated virus blocking in insects. Yet, the metabolomic interaction between virus and symbiont within the mosquito has not been clearly defined. We compare the lipid profiles of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes bearing mono- or dual-infections of the Wolbachia wMel strain and dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV3). We found metabolic signatures of infection-induced intracellular events but little evidence to support direct competition between Wolbachia and virus for host lipids. Lipid profiles of dual-infected mosquitoes resemble those of DENV3 mono-infected mosquitoes, suggesting virus-driven modulation dominates over that of Wolbachia. Interestingly, knockdown of key metabolic enzymes suggests cardiolipins are host factors for DENV3 and Wolbachia replication. These findings define the Wolbachia-DENV3 metabolic interaction as indirectly antagonistic, rather than directly competitive, and reveal new research avenues with respect to mosquito × virus interactions at the molecular level.

Orientaciones técnicas para el control de Aedes aegypti durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Consensus and uncertainty in the geographic range of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the contiguous United States: Multi-model assessment and synthesis.

Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) and Ae. (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) mosquitoes can transmit dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. Limited surveillance has led to uncertainty regarding the geographic ranges of these vectors globally, and particularly in regions at the present-day margins of habitat suitability such as the contiguous United States. Empirical habitat suitability models based on environmental conditions can augment surveillance gaps to describe the estimated potential species ranges, but model accuracy is unclear. We identified previously published regional and global habitat suitability models for Ae. aegypti (n = 6) and Ae. albopictus (n = 8) for which adequate information was available to reproduce the models for the contiguous U.S. Using a training subset of recently updated county-level surveillance records of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus and records of counties conducting surveillance, we constructed accuracy-weighted, probabilistic ensemble models from these base models. To assess accuracy and uncertainty we compared individual and ensemble model predictions of species presence or absence to both training and testing data. The ensemble models were among the most accurate and also provided calibrated probabilities of presence for each species. The quantitative probabilistic framework enabled identification of areas with high uncertainty and model bias across the U.S. where improved models or additional data could be most beneficial. The results may be of immediate utility for counties considering surveillance and control programs for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Moreover, the assessment framework can drive future efforts to provide validated quantitative estimates to support these programs at local, national, and international scales.