RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Avoidance of bottle feeding is recommended as it interferes with optimal suckling behavior, is difficult to keep clean, and is an important route for the transmission of pathogens. However, there is a current shift towards breastfeeding for a short period and the introduction of bottle feeding in both the developed and developing worlds. Bottle-feeding practice and its individual- and community-level determinants are not addressed in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to fill this gap and assess the pooled prevalence and associated factors of bottle feeding among mothers of children less than 23 months of age. METHODS: Data from the recent demographic and health surveys of 20 countries in sub-Saharan Africa conducted between 2015 and 2022 were used. A total weighted sample of 86,619 mother-child pairs was included in the current study. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with the outcome variable. Intra-class correlation coefficient, likelihood ratio test, median odds ratio, and deviance (-2LLR) values were used for model comparison and fitness. Finally, variables with a p-value < 0.05 and an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were declared statistically significant. RESULTS: The overall pooled prevalence of bottle feeding among mothers of children aged 0 to 23 months in sub-Saharan Africa was 13.74% (95% CI: 13.51%, 13.97%). Factors like maternal age [AOR = 1.09; 95% CI (1.04, 1.14)], educational status [AOR = 2.83; 95% CI (2.58, 3.10)], marital status [AOR = 1.16; 95% CI (1.09, 1.24)], maternal occupation [AOR = 0.76; 95% CI (0.73, 0.79)], media exposure [AOR = 0.80; 95% CI (0.76, 0.85)], wealth index [AOR = 1.21; 95% CI (1.15, 1.29)], sex of the household head [AOR = 1.17; 95% CI (1.12, 1.24)], family size [AOR = 1.06; 95% CI (1.01, 1.12)], number of under-five children [AOR = 1.11; 95% CI (1.04, 1.19)], place of delivery [AOR = 1.06; 95% CI (1.00, 1.12)], mode of delivery [AOR = 1.41; 95% CI (1.31, 1.52)], counseling on breastfeeding [AOR = 0.88; 95% CI (0.84, 0.92)], age of the child [AOR = 1.65; 95% CI (1.57, 1.75)], and residence [AOR = 1.64; 95% CI (1.56, 1.72)] were significantly associated with bottle-feeding practices. CONCLUSION: Nearly one out of seven children aged 0 to 23 months received bottle feeding in sub-Saharan African countries. Older mothers, higher mothers' educational status, unmarried women, richest families, non-working mothers, exposed to media, female-headed households, large family size, having one under-five children, home delivery, cesarean delivery, children aged 6-11 months, and urban residence were significantly associated with an increased risk of bottle feeding. Breastfeeding promotion programs are advised to target mothers who are older, educated, working, rich, gave birth at home, have a large family size, are delivered by cesarean section, have children aged 6-11 months, and reside in urban areas to achieve a significant decrease in bottle feeding rates in sub-Saharan Africa.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación con Biberón , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Madres , Humanos , África del Sur del Sahara , Lactante , Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Madres/estadística & datos numéricos , Madres/psicología , Adulto , Masculino , Recién Nacido , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Análisis Multinivel , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Despite the highest (88%) Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV coverage in Eastern Africa, 50% of new HIV infections in children aged 0-14 years occur in the region. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the feeding modalities, the rate of HIV transmission and its predictors among HIV exposed infants (HIV-EIs) visited Gamo and Gofa Zones public health facilities, Southern Ethiopia from January 2013 to February 2019. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Institution-based retrospective follow up study was employed among 450 HIV-EIs having DNA/PCR test results. All infant-mother pair records in selected health facilities were reviewed using a standard data extraction tool from March to July 2019. HIV transmission probabilities were assessed by Kaplan-Meier time-to-event analysis method and log-rank tests were used to compare the risk among different groups. The Cox-proportional hazards model, adjusted on infant feeding modalities and other co-variants was used to identify predictors of HIV transmission, and statistical significance was declared at a p-value of < 0.05. RESULTS: In total, 383 complete records were analyzed. In the study, 85.6% (95%CI: 81.6%, 89.1%) of HIV-EIs were exclusively breastfed in the first six months. The 18 months probability of infant HIV transmission was 64 (16.7%) (95%CI: 13.1%-20.8%). The risk of HIV-transmission was higher among infants who were delivered at the hospital than health centers/health posts (AHR = 3.07; 95%CI: 1.19, 7.95); discontinued Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in at least one visit (AHR = 6.32; 95%CI: 3.35, 11.94); did not exclusively breastfeed (AHR = 3.07; 95%CI: 1.72, 5.47) and came from urban areas (AHR = 5.90; 95%CI: 1.40, 24.85). CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that HIV-EIs had a greater rate of 18 months HIV transmission than the national pooled prevalence. The risk of transmission is higher among infants who do not breastfeed exclusively for the first 6 months, and the risk increases with the number of months spent by breastfeeding. Therefore, strengthening counselling on safer feeding options and Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis use; provision of quality PMTCT service with special focus in hospitals and urban residents were recommended.
Asunto(s)
Lactancia Materna , Infecciones por VIH , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Humanos , Etiopía/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/prevención & control , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Lactante , Femenino , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Recién Nacido , Estudios de Seguimiento , Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Combinación Trimetoprim y Sulfametoxazol/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Factores de Riesgo , Fórmulas InfantilesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To compare the urinary bisphenol A (BPA) levels in bottle-fed and never bottle-fed infants and under-five children and to determine the impact of bottle-feeding practices and sociodemographic factors on urinary BPA levels. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out on children aged between 2 to 60 months attending the Anganwadi centres in Chandigarh. RESULTS: Urine samples were collected from 184 children, out of which 94.56% (n = 174) children had detectable urinary BPA levels. The mean (SD) BPA level was 2.74 (2.60) ng/ml and BPA was detected in 93.9% of 'ever' bottle-fed children (n = 93/99) and 95.3% of 'never' bottle-fed children (n = 81/85) (P = 0.69). On multivariate regression analysis, there were no significant predictors for high (≥ 75th percentile) urinary BPA levels. Still, the odds of urinary BPA levels ≥75th percentile showed higher trend for significance among children from middle/higher socioeconomic background in reference to lower socioeconomic stratum (adjusted OR 7.02; 95% CI 1.24, 133.25; P = 0.07) and among children whose feeding bottles were brushed once or twice daily in reference to group with no daily brushing (adjusted OR 3.92, 95% CI 0.95, 20.56; P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Although feeding with plastic bottle did not emerge as a statistically significant risk factor for BPA exposure, yet detection of BPA levels among majority of study children signals urgent need for unmasking exposure to other sources given the potential long-term toxicity of BPA among infants and young children.
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Compuestos de Bencidrilo , Alimentación con Biberón , Fenoles , Humanos , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/orina , Fenoles/orina , Lactante , India , Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Preescolar , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Monitoreo Biológico/métodosRESUMEN
Bottles and teats are ubiquitously used for feeding infants and young children. Yet there are limited empirical studies on the scope of infant feeding bottles, their attributes, or their marketing claims. We report the first comprehensive survey on infant feeding bottles and teats in Germany. We aimed to explore the extent of bottles and teats available in Germany, describe their physical attributes and analyze their marketing claims. A cross-sectional survey of German bottle and teat manufacturer websites was conducted between June and November 2022. Product attributes are presented with descriptive statistics and photographs. Marketing claims are summarized in a descriptive content analysis. We identified 41 brands encompassing 447 unique products (226 bottles, 221 teats). The majority of bottles were plastic (147, 65%) or glass (64, 28%), and the majority of teats were silicone (188, 85%). Most brands (38, 93%) promoted products using one or more inappropriate marketing claims, including equivalency to breastfeeding (29, 73%), idealization through technical or medical descriptions (23, 58%), claims on disease prevention (31, 78%), references to naturalness (29, 73%), infant autonomy (10, 25%), and endorsements from parents (10, 25%) or health professionals (11, 28%). The majority of bottles and teats available in Germany appear to be marketed inappropriately and hold the potential to undermine public health recommendations on infant and young child feeding. Therefore, we recommend Germany strengthens legislation on the marketing of bottles and teats in accordance with the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación con Biberón , Mercadotecnía , Humanos , Alemania , Lactante , Estudios Transversales , Mercadotecnía/métodos , Mercadotecnía/estadística & datos numéricos , Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Embalaje de Alimentos/métodos , Fórmulas Infantiles/estadística & datos numéricos , Recién Nacido , Alimentos Infantiles/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Inappropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practice is the leading cause of malnutrition in children. Data is needed to identify children at risk of poor feeding practice and to target interventions to improve IYCF practices. Therefore, this study aimed to assess IYCF practice and associated factors among mothers of children age 6 to 23 months in Debrelibanos district, north Showa zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. METHOD: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 380 mothers of children age 6 to 23 months from March 1 to April 5, 2019. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire that had been pretested. The data was entered into Epi-Data 3.1 and then transferred to SPSS 21 for analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis was done, and an association between an outcome variable and independent variables was examined in logistic regression models. RESULT: Overall, 65.8% of mothers practiced appropriate IYCF practice. The study revealed that 70.5% of children started breastfeeding within one hour of birth, and 61.6% were breastfed exclusively for six months. Among studied mothers, 79.5% continued to breastfeed their children until 2 years, and 69.2% of the participants started complementary feeding timely at six months. Minimum dietary diversity was observed in 19.2% of children, while minimum meal frequency was found in 79.2%. The majority of mothers (77.6%) fed their babies with bottles. Mother's educational status of primary school [AOR = 4.50, 95% CI: (1.38,14.61)], husband's occupation being merchant [AOR = 6.45, 95% CI: (1.51, 27.59)]; antenatal care follows up [AOR = 3.15, % CI: (1.22, 8.12)], radio/television ownership [AOR = 7.41, 95% CI: (2.86, 19.20)], child's sex being female [AOR = 4.78, 95% CI: (2.26, 10.064) and sufficient knowledge on child feeding [AOR = 2.82, 95% CI: (1.27, 26.26)] were independent predictors for appropriate IYCF practice. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of appropriate infant and young child feeding practice indicators was found to be rather high among the mothers in this study. The use of a bottle to feed babies, in particular is very common among the mothers who were studied. To address child malnutrition, it is critical to educate families about proper IYCF practices. This study suggests that mothers be properly educated about IYCF recommendations at health care facilities during their visits, as well as the promotion of appropriate IYCF through various media.
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Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales del Lactante , Desnutrición/prevención & control , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Escolaridad , Etiopía/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Edad Materna , Prevalencia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Complementary feeding (CF) should start between 4-6 months of age to ensure infants' growth but is also linked to childhood obesity. This study aimed to investigate the association of the timing of CF, breastfeeding and overweight in preschool children. Infant-feeding practices were self-reported in 2012 via a validated questionnaire by >7500 parents from six European countries participating in the ToyBox-study. The proportion of children who received breast milk and CF at 4-6 months was 51.2%. There was a positive association between timing of solid food (SF) introduction and duration of breastfeeding, as well as socioeconomic status and a negative association with smoking throughout pregnancy (p < 0.005). No significant risk to become overweight was observed among preschoolers who were introduced to SF at 1-3 months of age compared to those introduced at 4-6 months regardless of the type of milk feeding. Similarly, no significant association was observed between the early introduction of SF and risk for overweight in preschoolers who were breastfed for ≥4 months or were formula-fed. The study did not identify any significant association between the timing of introducing SF and obesity in childhood. It is likely that other factors than timing of SF introduction may have impact on childhood obesity.
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Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Peso al Nacer , Preescolar , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Exposición Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Sobrepeso/etiología , Sobrepeso/prevención & control , Obesidad Infantil/etiología , Obesidad Infantil/prevención & control , Factores de Riesgo , Autoinforme/estadística & datos numéricos , Fumar/epidemiología , Clase Social , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Lack of exclusive breastfeeding during the first half-year of life is an important risk factor for childhood morbidity and mortality. Despite this, less than 40% of infants below 6 months are exclusively breastfed worldwide. This is because breastfeeding is declining and being replaced by formula feeding. Nowaday, formula feeding has become a more common practice in urban communities of developing countries. However, relatively little information is available regarding formula feeding practice and its associated factors in Ethiopia, particularly in Addis Ababa. Hence, this study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of formula feeding practice and its associated factors among mothers of an infant aged 0-6 months in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April-1 to May 30/2020 among 494 mothers with infants 0-6 months of age. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Data were entered and cleaned by using Epi data version 3.1 and analysed by SPSS software version 25. Then data were processed by using descriptive analysis, including frequency distribution, and summary measures. The degree of association was assessed using binary logistic regression analysis. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT: The prevalence of formula feeding and pre-lacteal feeding practice was 46.2 and 34.4%, respectively. Educational status with a diploma and above (AOR = 3.09, 95%CI: 1.56-6.14), delivery by cesarean section (AOR = 6.13, 95%CI: 4.01-9.37), pre-lacteal feeding practice (AOR = 7.61, 95%CI: 4.11-11.06), and delayed initiation of breastfeeding (after 1 h to 1 day (AOR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.59-7.40), after 1 day to 3 days (AOR = 3.71, 95% CI: 1.51-9.41), and after 3 days (AOR = 5.41, 95% CI: 2.15-13.60)) were significantly associated with formula feeding practice. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half of the participants were practiced formula-feeding for their infant. Educational status of mothers, the timing of initiation of breastfeeding, delivery by cesarean section, and pre-lacteal feeding practice were significantly associated with formula feeding practice. Therefore, early initiation of breastfeeding, educating mothers about the risks associated with pre-lacteal feeding, and supporting mothers who gave birth by cesarean section for exclusive breastfeeding should be encouraged at the community and institutional levels.
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Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Fórmulas Infantiles , Madres , Adulto , Lactancia Materna , Cesárea , Estudios Transversales , Escolaridad , Etiopía/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién NacidoRESUMEN
Optimal breastfeeding practices among mothers have been proven to have health and economic benefits, but evidence on breastfeeding practices among adolescent mothers in Bangladesh is limited. Hence, this study aims to estimate breastfeeding indicators and factors associated with selected feeding practices. The sample included 2554 children aged 0-23 months of adolescent mothers aged 12-19 years from four Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys collected between 2004 and 2014. Breastfeeding indicators were estimated using World Health Organization (WHO) indicators. Selected feeding indicators were examined against potential confounding factors using univariate and multivariate analyses. Only 42.2% of adolescent mothers initiated breastfeeding within the first hour of birth, 53% exclusively breastfed their infants, predominant breastfeeding was 17.3%, and 15.7% bottle-fed their children. Parity (2-3 children), older infants, and adolescent mothers who made postnatal check-up after two days were associated with increased exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates. Adolescent mothers aged 12-18 years and who watched television were less likely to delay breastfeeding initiation within the first hour of birth. Adolescent mothers who delivered at home (adjusted OR = 2.63, 95% CI:1.86, 3.74) and made postnatal check-up after two days (adjusted OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.30) were significantly more likely to delay initiation breastfeeding within the first hour of birth. Adolescent mothers living in the Barisal region and who listened to the radio reported increased odds of predominant breastfeeding, and increased odds for bottle-feeding included male infants, infants aged 0-5 months, adolescent mothers who had eight or more antenatal clinic visits, and the highest wealth quintiles. In order for Bangladesh to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2 and 3 by 2030, breastfeeding promotion programmes should discourage bottle-feeding among adolescent mothers from the richest households and promote early initiation of breastfeeding especially among adolescent mothers who delivered at home and had a late postnatal check-up after delivery.
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Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Madres/estadística & datos numéricos , Embarazo en Adolescencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Bangladesh , Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Niño , Parto Obstétrico/estadística & datos numéricos , Demografía , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Análisis Multivariante , Oportunidad Relativa , Paridad , Atención Posnatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Embarazo , Atención Prenatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Alimentación con Biberón/psicología , Lactancia Materna/psicología , Infecciones por VIH/psicología , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/prevención & control , Madres/psicología , Adulto , Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Lactante , Entrevistas como Asunto , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Prelacteal feeding (PLF) is a recognised challenge to optimal breastfeeding but remains common in Indonesia. Meanwhile, PLF-related epidemiological research is limited, particularly in this setting. This study examines the prevalence and determinants of overall PLF as well as common PLF types (formula, other milk, and honey) in Indonesia. METHODS: Data from 6127 mothers whose last child was ≤23-month-old were drawn from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. Multivariable modified Poisson regression was used to measure the prevalence ratio (PR) for selected PLF risk factors. PLF was defined as anything to drink other than breast milk within three days after birth, before breastmilk flows. Additional analyses were performed on mothers who gave formula, other milk, and honey. RESULTS: About 45% babies in Indonesia received PLF with formula being the most frequent (25%), followed by other milk (14%), plain water (5%), and honey (3%). Factors associated with higher prevalence of any PLF were higher wealth quintiles in rural area (PR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03-1.11 per increase in quintile), baby perceived to be small at birth (PR 1.23; 95% CI 1.12-1.35), caesarean deliveries at either public (PR 1.27; 95% CI 1.13-1.44) or private facilities (PR 1.15; 95% CI 1.01-1.31), and not having immediate skin-to-skin contact after birth (PR 1.32; 95% CI 1.23-1.42). PLF was less prevalent among mothers who gave birth to second/subsequent child (PR 0.82; 95% CI 0.76-0.88) and who had an antenatal card (PR 0.89; 95% CI 0.80-0.99). These patterns did not apply uniformly across all PLF types. For example, honey was more common among home births than deliveries at health facilities, but formula and other milk were more common among caesarean deliveries. CONCLUSIONS: Mapping risk factors for PLF, especially by types, could help to design more targeted interventions to reduce PLF and improve breastfeeding practices in Indonesia.
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Alimentación con Biberón , Lactancia Materna , Adolescente , Adulto , Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Indonesia , Lactante , Fórmulas Infantiles , Recién Nacido , Madres/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Maternal feeding anxiety (FA) was prevalent during puerperium and might affect infant feeding practices. This study was aimed to investigate the FA status in Chinese postpartum women and its relationship with infant feeding practices (FPs). METHODS: Participants were from the Mother-Infant Cohort Study of China, in which the dietary and feeding practices, physical and psychiatric health for both mothers and infants were followed up from childbirth to next 2 years. In this study the maternal feeding anxiety (FA) status at 0-3 months postpartum was assessed by Li's Self-rating Feeding Anxiety Scale (SFAS). Infant feeding practices (FPs) at 0-3 months, including breastfeeding-related behaviors, responsive feeding and infant food refusal were investigated by self-designed questionnaire. RESULTS: In total 456 mothers the average feeding anxiety scores (FAS) was 41.02 ± 8.02 (mean ± SD), and maternal FA prevalence were 61.4% (FAS>38) with severe FA being 8.6% (FAS>52) at 0-3 months postpartum. The FAS was related with infant FPs, and lower maternal FAS was significantly related with infant colostrum feeding (40.86 ± 8.02 vs 44.74 ± 11.33, P < 0.05), but higher FAS was related with bottle feeding (41.95 ± 8.28 vs 39.69 ± 7.92, P < 0.05). The mothers with severe feeding anxiety (FAS > 53) were more likely to feed infants with bottle (ORs, 95%CI: 2.41, 1.11 ~ 5.19). There were not significant association between FAS and exclusive breastfeeding and responsive feeding practices (P > 0.05). The higher FAS was associated with infant food refusal behaviors, the maternal scores whose infant "never", "rarely", "sometimes" and "often" spat out food when feeding were 39.86 ± 8.02, 41.47 ± 8.18, 41.36 ± 7.44 and 42.14 ± 12.03 increasingly (P > 0.05), and the FA prevalence was significantly different among groups (P < 0.05). The infants whose mother was identified as feeding anxiety were more likely to refuse opening the mouth when feeding (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated maternal FAS was positively related to infant bottle feeding (ßi = 2.487, P < 0.05) and outdoor sunshine exposure practice (ßi = 1.787, P < 0.05), and negatively related to household income level (ßi = - 0.118, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal postpartum feeding anxiety was associated with some infant feeding practices, including bottle feeding and infant food refusal behaviors.
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Ansiedad/epidemiología , Alimentación con Biberón/psicología , Lactancia Materna/psicología , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Madres/psicología , Adulto , Ansiedad/diagnóstico , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Periodo Posparto/psicología , Prevalencia , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pre-lacteal feeding is one of the major harmful practices being faced while feeding the newborns. Although it affects child health, little is known about the extent of the problem and its contributing factors in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to figure the prevalence of pre-lacteal feeding practices and associated factors among mothers of children aged less than 12 months in Jinka Town. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Jinka Town from March 1 to 30, 2019. A total of 430 mothers, having children less than 12 months of age, were selected by systematic sampling technique. The data were collected by using pretested and interviewer- administered structured questionnaires. The data were entered using epidata 4.2.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals and p-values were reported. RESULTS: The prevalence of pre-lacteal feeding practice was 12.6% [95% CI (9.5-15.7)]. Having no maternal education [AOR = 4.82(95%CI 1.60-14.24)], colostrum avoidance [AOR = 4.09(95% CI 1.62-7.67)], lack of breast feeding counseling [AOR: = 2.51(95% CI 1.20-5.25)], home delivery [AOR = 3.34 (95% CI 1.52-7.33)], lack of knowledge about risks of pre-lacteal feeding [AOR = 2.86 (95% CI 1.30-6.29] and poor knowledge on breast feeding practices [AOR = 3.63(95% CI 1.62-8.11)] were factors associated with pre-lacteal feeding practices. CONCLUSION: Pre-lacteal feeding practice among mothers of children aged less than 12 months in Jinka town was found to be higher than the national prevalence. Illiterate, colostrum avoidance, lack of breastfeeding counseling, home delivery, lack of knowledge on the risk of pre-lacteal feeding, and poor knowledge on breastfeeding practice were factors associated with pre-lacteal feeding practices.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Calostro/fisiología , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Madres/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Alimentación con Biberón/etnología , Lactancia Materna/etnología , Estudios Transversales , Etiopía , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Madres/psicología , Embarazo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study is to analyse the trends, determinants of prelacteal feeding (PLF) and its relations with the mode of delivery among infants <24 months over the years 2003-2018. DESIGN: We pooled data from Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHS). The key outcome variable was PLF. Factors associated with PLF were analysed by using complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis, separately and merged database. SETTING: TDHS in 2003, 2008, 2013 and 2018. PARTICIPANTS: Mother-infant dyads (n 4942). RESULTS: PLF rates fluctuated between 29·3 and 41·4 %. The most common types of PLF were infant formula (61·1 %) followed by sugar/glucose water (24·9 %) and plain water (9·3 %). PLF rate was 1·51 times higher (95 % CI 1·28, 1·78) in cases delivered by caesarean section as compared with those delivered by vaginal route. According to the initiation time of breast-feeding after delivery, the most significant absolute change in PLF rate was observed within 1 h (10·9 % increase). Delayed initiation of breast-feeding was associated with significantly higher odds of PLF compared with the first hour (1 to < 2 h: adjusted OR (AOR) 1·29, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·61; 2-23 h: AOR 1·73, 95 % CI 1·42, 2·11; ≥24 h: AOR 11·37, 95 % CI 8·81, 14·69). CONCLUSIONS: To eliminate suboptimal breast-feeding practices, counselling on breast-feeding and delivery type during antenatal visits, postnatal breast-feeding support and social support should be provided to all mothers and families.
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Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Alimentación con Biberón/tendencias , Lactancia Materna/tendencias , Cesárea/estadística & datos numéricos , Parto Obstétrico/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Lactante , Fórmulas Infantiles/estadística & datos numéricos , Recién Nacido , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Madres/estadística & datos numéricos , Embarazo , Atención Prenatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Apoyo Social , Turquía/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: to translate and culturally adapt the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale for pregnant women in Brazil. METHODS: methodological study that included stages of translation, synthesis, face and content validation, back translation and semantic assessment. In the face and content and semantic validation stages, we used the Content Validity Index for individual items and for the overall scale for clarity and representativeness. RESULTS: nine (100.0%) experts participated in face and content validation, and the average index obtained was 85.0% for representativeness. In the semantic assessment, performed with 31 (100.0%) pregnant women, the tool was considered clear, obtaining an average index of 91.0%. CONCLUSIONS: the Brazilian version of the scale was considered representative and clear. After assessing psychometric properties, the scale is expected to be valid and reliable to assess maternal intention to breastfeed exclusively until the infant's six months of life in different Brazilian settings.
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Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Intención , Madres/psicología , Psicometría/normas , Adulto , Alimentación con Biberón/psicología , Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil , Lactancia Materna/psicología , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Psicometría/instrumentación , Psicometría/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , TraducciónRESUMEN
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare mothers' attitudes toward infant feeding and infant eating behavior in different countries, and their associations with infant feeding at 3 and 6 months. Methods: Data from 164 mothers with healthy term infants recruited for a randomized trial comparing breast pumps from the UK (n = 68), Russia (n = 51), and China (n = 45) were included in this analysis. Feeding practices were assessed using questionnaires at 3 and 6 months. Maternal attitudes toward infant feeding and infant eating behaviors were measured by Iowa Infant Feeding Attitudes Scale (IIFAS) and Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (BEBQ) at 5-6 weeks postpartum; scores were compared between countries and associations with infant feeding at 3 and 6 months were examined. Results: IIFAS score was significantly different between countries; mean scores in Chinese and Russian mothers (China 64.6 ± 4.88 and Russia 61.5 ± 6.15) lay in the range of "neutral breastfeeding attitudes," while British mothers had more positive attitudes (70.6 ± 6.47, post hoc p < 0.001). Russian infants had higher scores for "general appetite" (mean = 4.8 ± 0.41, p < 0.05) and "satiety responsiveness" (mean = 8.7 ± 1.08, p < 0.01) than Chinese or British infants. Longer duration of full-time education was associated with more positive attitudes toward breastfeeding in the whole sample (p < 0.001) and in the United Kingdom (p < 0.05). The majority of mothers were exclusively breastfeeding (EBF) at 3 months. Total IIFAS and BEBQ scores were not significant predictors of EBF at 3 and 6 months (p > 0.05), although greater agreement with the IIFAS statement "Formula feeding is more convenient than breastfeeding" was associated with lower EBF at 3 months (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29-0.78, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Maternal attitudes toward infant feeding and perceptions of infant eating behavior differed between countries, but were not associated with EBF at 6 months. Mothers with a greater baseline perception that formula feeding is more convenient than breastfeeding were less likely to EBF at 3 months; this could be a potential target for education.
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Alimentación con Biberón , Lactancia Materna/psicología , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta Alimentaria , Madres/psicología , Madres/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Alimentación con Biberón/psicología , Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , China , Comparación Transcultural , Femenino , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Lactante , Periodo Posparto , Federación de Rusia , Clase Social , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Reino UnidoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Early reports of COVID-19 in pregnancy described management by caesarean, strict isolation of the neonate and formula feeding. Is this practice justified? OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of the neonate becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 by mode of delivery, type of infant feeding and mother-infant interaction. SEARCH STRATEGY: Two biomedical databases were searched between September 2019 and June 2020. SELECTION CRITERIA: Case reports or case series of pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19, where neonatal outcomes were reported. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted on mode of delivery, infant infection status, infant feeding and mother-infant interaction. For reported infant infection, a critical analysis was performed to evaluate the likelihood of vertical transmission. MAIN RESULTS: Forty nine studies included information on mode of delivery and infant infection status for 655 women and 666 neonates. In all, 28/666 (4%) tested positive postnatally. Of babies born vaginally, 8/292 (2.7%) tested positivecompared with 20/374 (5.3%) born by Caesarean. Information on feeding and baby separation were often missing, but of reported breastfed babies 7/148 (4.7%) tested positive compared with 3/56 (5.3%) for reported formula fed ones. Of babies reported as nursed with their mother 4/107 (3.7%) tested positive, compared with 6/46 (13%) for those who were reported as isolated. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal COVID-19 infection is uncommon, rarely symptomatic, and the rate of infection is no greater when the baby is born vaginally, breastfed or remains with the mother. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Risk of neonatal infection with COVID-19 by delivery route, infant feeding and mother-baby interaction.
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Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Cesárea/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/transmisión , Fórmulas Infantiles , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/estadística & datos numéricos , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Neumonía Viral/transmisión , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/epidemiología , Betacoronavirus , Extracción de Leche Materna , COVID-19 , China/epidemiología , Parto Obstétrico/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Leche Humana , Relaciones Madre-Hijo , Pandemias , Embarazo , Factores de Riesgo , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is the most common way of feeding infants. Human milk contains nutrients which are necessary to provide proper growth of a child. Nowadays there aren't any recommendations to follow elimination diet in order to decrease the risk of allergy or baby colic. Only the occurrence of health problems such as lactose intolerance or cow's milk protein allergy in breastfeeding mother or infant should be a reason for eliminating dairy products from diet. It seems to be important to explore the reasons and the frequency of following milk-free diet by breastfeeding women. OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of the study was to find the reasons for following milk-free diet by breastfeeding women and making an assessment of their nutrition knowledge and food habits. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-three breastfeeding women following milk-free diet took part in the project. The women were interviewed by the Computer Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) method with an original questionnaire. The results were developed with Spearman's rank correlation, Chi2 test and the gamma coefficient. The statistical significance level for the p-value was <0.05. RESULTS: The main reason for following milk-free diet by the breastfeeding women was the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions of the children's gastrointestinal system after consuming milk by mother (72% responses). After excluding milk from diet only 42% respondents declared consuming new food products or dietary supplements in order to refill the potential deficiency of nutrients. The majority of respondents also eliminated from diet highly processed food products, fast-food and the carbonated drinks. The most often declared source of information about lactation was Internet (85%). Only 12% respondents asked a nutritionist in order to get the information about breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: It's necessary to promote a specific nutritional advice about following milk-free diet in breastfeeding women group in order to decrease the health risk connected with low calcium diet.
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Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales del Lactante , Intolerancia a la Lactosa/prevención & control , Hipersensibilidad a la Leche/prevención & control , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Leche Humana , DesteteRESUMEN
Objective: To explore whether the association between bottle-feeding during the first year and childhood obesity at age 6 years is mediated by change in weight-for-age z-score (ΔWAZ) during infancy. Methods: Participants were 1062 mother-child pairs who participated in the Infant Feeding Practices Study II and Year 6 Follow-Up. Mothers completed 1 prenatal questionnaire, 10 postpartum questionnaires during the first year, and 1 follow-up questionnaire at 6 years. Child weights were reported by mothers and used to determine ΔWAZ from birth to later infancy. Causal mediation analysis was used to determine the average direct effect of bottle-feeding on obesity at age 6 years and the average causal mediation effect of bottle-feeding through ΔWAZ. Results: Infants who experienced rapid increases in bottle-feeding frequency during the first 6 months had significantly greater ΔWAZ compared with infants who had consistently low bottle-feeding frequency until 12 months of age [ß = 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11-0.80]. Significant predictors of obesity at age 6 years were larger birth weight [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.27, 95% CI 2.42-7.64] and larger ΔWAZ (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.29-1.98). An indirect effect of bottle-feeding, mediated via ΔWAZ, accounted for 59% of the total effect of bottle-feeding on obesity at age 6 years. Conclusions: Rapid increases in bottle use during the first 6 months postpartum predicted greater risk for obesity at age 6 years via an indirect mediation effect of larger ΔWAZ from birth to later infancy.
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Alimentación con Biberón/efectos adversos , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Alimentos Infantiles/efectos adversos , Obesidad Infantil/etiología , Aumento de Peso , Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Niño , Preescolar , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lactante , Alimentos Infantiles/estadística & datos numéricos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales del Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Obesidad Infantil/prevención & control , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Adequate dietary intake is critically important for child growth and development. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of undernutrition and its association with infant and child feeding index (ICFI). This cross-sectional study was conducted among children (younger than5 years) and their mothers from Lhaviyani Atoll, Maldives. The data were obtained by interviewing the children's mothers via pretested questionnaires. Infant and child feeding index scores were calculated from the dietary information. Weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ), length/height-for-age z-scores (LAZ/HAZ), and weight-for-length/height z-scores were calculated from anthropometric data taken according to the WHO criterion. Linear regression tests were used to find the association of nutritional status with ICFI scores. A total of 800 children and their mothers participated in this study. The prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting was 24.6%, 32.4%, and 16.3%, respectively. The mean ICFI scores (13.0) of children aged 6-8 months were better than those of children in other age-groups. In food groups, the intake of fish was higher among the respondents, whereas the consumption of vegetables and fruits was lower. Infant and child feeding index scores were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with WAZ and LAZ/HAZ after adjustment for confounders. Overall, the findings showed that Maldivian children consumed the limited number of food items that resulted in an inadequate intake of nutrients which further resulted in the high prevalence of malnutrition.
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Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos del Crecimiento/epidemiología , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Delgadez/epidemiología , Síndrome Debilitante/epidemiología , Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Productos Lácteos , Carbohidratos de la Dieta , Huevos , Femenino , Frutas , Humanos , Islas del Oceano Índico/epidemiología , Lactante , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Carne , Proteínas de Vegetales Comestibles , Alimentos Marinos , VerdurasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) and diarrhoea are the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. Understanding the associations between infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and ARI and diarrhoea can inform IYCF policy interventions and advocacy in Ethiopia. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between IYCF practices and ARI and diarrhoea in Ethiopian children. METHODS: This study used the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data for the years 2000 (n = 3680), 2005 (n = 3528), 2011 (n = 4037), and 2016 (n = 3861). The association between IYCF practices and (i) ARI and (ii) diarrhoea were investigated using propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression models. The IYCF practices include early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), predominant breastfeeding, introduction of complementary foods, continued breastfeeding at two years and bottle feeding. RESULTS: Infants and young children who were breastfed within 1-hour of birth and those who were exclusively breastfed had a lower prevalence of ARI. Infants who were exclusively and predominantly breastfed had a lower prevalence of diarrhoea. Early initiation of breastfeeding (Odds ratio [OR]: 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72, 0.92) and EBF (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.83) were associated with lower risk of ARI. Bottle-fed children had higher odds of ARI (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.68). Early initiation of breastfeeding and EBF were associated with lower odds of diarrhoea (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.94 for Early initiation of breastfeeding and OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.65 for EBF). Infants who were predominantly breastfed were less likely to experience diarrhoea (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.89). CONCLUSION: The recommended best practices for preventing ARI and diarrhoeal diseases in infants and young children namely: the early initiation of breastfeeding, EBF and avoidance of bottle feeding should be institutionalized and scale-up in Ethiopia as part of implementation science approach to cover the know-do-gaps.