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1.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 15135, 2024 07 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38956123

RESUMEN

The behavioral and neural responses to social exclusion were examined in women randomized to four conditions, varying in levels of attractiveness and friendliness. Informed by evolutionary theory, we predicted that being socially excluded by attractive unfriendly women would be more distressing than being excluded by unattractive women, irrespective of their friendliness level. Our results contradicted most of our predictions but provide important insights into women's responses to interpersonal conflict. Accounting for rejection sensitivity, P300 event-related potential amplitudes were largest when women were excluded by unattractive unfriendly women. This may be due to an expectancy violation or an annoyance with being excluded by women low on social desirability. An examination of anger rumination rates by condition suggests the latter. Only attractive women's attractiveness ratings were lowered in the unfriendly condition, indicating they were specifically punished for their exclusionary behavior. Women were more likely to select attractive women to compete against with one exception-they selected the Black attractive opponent less often than the White attractive opponent when presented as unfriendly. Finally, consistent with studies on retaliation in relation to social exclusion, women tended to rate competitors who rejected them as being more rude, more competitive, less attractive, less nice, and less happy than non-competitors. The ubiquity of social exclusion and its pointed emotional and physiological impact on women demands more research on this topic.


Asunto(s)
Belleza , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Distancia Psicológica , Deseabilidad Social , Amigos/psicología , Potenciales Relacionados con Evento P300/fisiología , Adolescente , Cara/fisiología
2.
BMC Womens Health ; 24(1): 373, 2024 Jun 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38926696

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Existing estimates of adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) behaviors may be a gross undercount given the sensitivity of this behavior in Indian culture. The objective of this study was to estimate ASRH behaviors in Rajasthan, India using direct questions and the best friend approach that seeks to reduce social desirability bias. METHODS: We used population-based data of adolescents aged 15-19 in Rajasthan collected between September and December 2022. Data include whether the respondent and her closest female friend ever had a partner, ever had sex, ever used contraception, and were currently using contraception. We estimated respondent and best friend ASRH outcomes separately, overall and among unmarried adolescents for whom we anticipate social desirability bias is greatest. RESULTS: The best friend approach performed well, with method assumptions largely met even before adjustments. Respondent and best friend estimates were similar among all adolescents except for current contraceptive use, which was higher for friends (though not significantly so). However, we observed large differences in ASRH behaviors between unmarried respondents and friends, with a significantly higher percentage of friends who ever had a partner (4.3% respondents, 11.6% friends), and a slightly higher percentage who ever had sex (2.4%, 3.8%) and who were currently using contraception (17.0%, 19.7% among those in need of contraception). CONCLUSIONS: We observed potential benefits of using the best friend methodology in estimating premarital sexual activity, but further work is needed to refine social network-based measures of sensitive adolescent behaviors in larger study samples to better understand ASRH needs.


Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente , Coito , Conducta Anticonceptiva , Amigos , Humanos , Adolescente , India , Femenino , Conducta Anticonceptiva/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta Anticonceptiva/psicología , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Adulto Joven , Amigos/psicología , Masculino , Coito/psicología , Conducta Sexual/psicología , Conducta Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Anticoncepción/estadística & datos numéricos , Anticoncepción/métodos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Parejas Sexuales/psicología
3.
Trends Neurosci Educ ; 35: 100224, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38879196

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Prior research has documented the pervasive influence that peers can exert on adolescents' lives. However, knowledge on whether adolescents' perceptions of the quality of the teacher's instruction are also prone to peer influences is lacking. METHOD: This study (N = 248 German adolescents) used longitudinal social network analysis to investigate whether (a) friends become more similar in their teaching quality perceptions (influence effects) and/or whether (b) students with initially more similar perceptions of teaching quality were more likely to become friends (selection effects). We also explored whether (c) students with more positive teaching quality perceptions were better integrated socially. RESULTS: We did not find support for influence or selection effects. However, students who rated their teacher's instruction more positively were better integrated socially. CONCLUSIONS: Our work adds to research on the role of peers in adolescence and enhances our understanding of peer influences on students' perceptions of instruction.


Asunto(s)
Grupo Paritario , Maestros , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Femenino , Maestros/psicología , Estudiantes/psicología , Enseñanza , Amigos/psicología , Percepción Social , Estudios Longitudinales
4.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci ; 19(1)2024 Jul 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38902943

RESUMEN

Friendships increase mental wellbeing and resilient functioning in young people with childhood adversity (CA). However, the mechanisms of this relationship are unknown. We examined the relationship between perceived friendship quality at age 14 after the experience of CA and reduced affective and neural responses to social exclusion at age 24. Resilient functioning was quantified as psychosocial functioning relative to the degree of CA severity in 310 participants at age 24. From this cohort, 62 young people with and without CA underwent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to assess brain responses to social inclusion and exclusion. We observed that good friendship quality was significantly associated with better resilient functioning. Both friendship quality and resilient functioning were related to increased affective responses to social inclusion. We also found that friendship quality, but not resilient functioning, was associated with increased dorsomedial prefrontal cortex responses to peer exclusion. Our findings suggest that friendship quality in early adolescence may contribute to the evaluation of social inclusion by increasing affective sensitivity to positive social experiences and increased brain activity in regions involved in emotion regulation to negative social experiences. Future research is needed to clarify this relationship with resilient functioning in early adulthood.


Asunto(s)
Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Encéfalo , Amigos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Amigos/psicología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Encéfalo/fisiología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Resiliencia Psicológica , Adulto , Afecto/fisiología , Mapeo Encefálico , Distancia Psicológica
5.
PLoS One ; 19(6): e0302160, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38865303

RESUMEN

Fans may experience significant upset and distress when a television series ends. However, grief and loss reactions to the end of a fictional series have seldom been investigated. It is likely that the degree to which such reactions are felt is influenced by viewing motives (e.g., pleasure, meaning making), connection to the series and its fan community, relationships formed with characters, including parasocial bonds and experiences of empathy, and tendency to engage with others' perspectives and emotions, including fictional characters. The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of fans' grief and loss reactions to the end of the television series Neighbours, which aired from 1985 to 2022. Fans (n = 1289) completed an online survey shortly after the screening of the final episode. The survey measured grief emotions and cognitions, acceptance that the series had ended, distress at the loss of a parasocial relationship with a favourite character, feelings of closure, and expressions of gratitude for the series. Predictors of these grief and loss reactions examined in the survey were viewing motives, fan identity, strength of a parasocial relationship formed with a favourite character, empathy towards that character, and tendency to take others' perspectives, experience empathic concern and personal distress, and tendency towards engagement with fictional characters. Greater grief and loss reactions were experienced by fans whose motives for watching involved being entertained and exposed to different lifestyles, who felt a stronger fan connection to the series, and who formed stronger parasocial empathic relationships with their favourite character. Factors such as gender, age, and empathic tendencies predicted various types of grief reactions. Understanding fan experiences when a long-running series ends advances theory and research on viewer parasocial relationships and engagement with media, as well as providing evidence that the loss of a series or favourite character can be viewed as a type of grief experience.


Asunto(s)
Emociones , Empatía , Pesar , Televisión , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Amigos/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven , Motivación , Anciano
6.
Arch Sex Behav ; 53(7): 2653-2670, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38877330

RESUMEN

This exploratory cross-sectional study, guided by primary socialization theory, examined relations between four primary socialization agents of sexual learning (i.e., mothers, fathers, friends/peers, and online media) and sexual attitudes, sexual knowledge, and risky sexual behavior. Latent-variable structural equation models were tested using self-report data obtained from 515 emerging adults who had spent at least 6 months attending in-person college classes. Results showed that learning about sex from mothers was associated with more conservative sexual attitudes and lower risky sexual behavior. Sexual learning from friends/peers was linked to liberal sexual attitudes and greater sexual knowledge. Learning from online media was associated with increased sexual knowledge. To account for a shift in sexual learning patterns from before to after entry to college, we created algebraic difference scores for each source of sexual information. Greater reliance on sexual learning from friends/peers in the past 6 months of college relative to before college was associated with liberal sexual attitudes and greater sexual knowledge. Additional analyses revealed different effects of learning about sex from mothers more during college than before college between those living on campus vs. commuters living at home. The discussion emphasizes the different role that each of the primary socialization agents plays for emerging adults' sexual development, including the protective role of mothers against risky sexual behavior, the impact of friends and peers on sexual attitudes and knowledge, and the shifting dynamics of socialization processes during college.


Asunto(s)
Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Asunción de Riesgos , Conducta Sexual , Estudiantes , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Estudiantes/psicología , Conducta Sexual/psicología , Universidades , Adulto Joven , Estudios Transversales , Adolescente , Estados Unidos , Adulto , Socialización , Grupo Paritario , Aprendizaje , Amigos/psicología , Educación Sexual
7.
J Appl Res Intellect Disabil ; 37(4): e13244, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38733213

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Previous systematic reviews of the relationships of people with intellectual disabilities have included consideration of intimate relationships. In this paper, we report a systematic review of papers describing friendship only. METHOD: A systematic qualitative meta-synthesis of the research exploring experiences of friendship as reported by people with intellectual disabilities. RESULTS: Seven papers met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Three superordinate themes were identified. (1) Reciprocity, 'Someone who helps me, and I help them'. (2) The building blocks of friendships, 'I can tell her some secrets'. (3) Managing friendship difficulties, 'In real life it's much harder'. CONCLUSION: People with intellectual disabilities value friendship and actively engage in reciprocal exchanges. We explore the strengths and limitations of current research, clinical implications, and directions for future research.


Asunto(s)
Amigos , Discapacidad Intelectual , Humanos , Discapacidad Intelectual/psicología , Amigos/psicología , Relaciones Interpersonales
8.
BMC Psychiatry ; 24(1): 384, 2024 May 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38783275

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the role of emotion regulation in relation to the links between fear of missing out (i.e., FOMO) and two components of problematic internet use: problematic social media use and doomscrolling. METHODS: Participants (N = 603, Mage = 30.41, SDage = 7.64; 49.1% male-identifying) completed measures of fear of missing out, intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation, and problematic social media use, and doomscrolling. A parallel mediation model was tested to examine the nature of the associations between fear of missing out, intrapersonal, and interpersonal emotion regulation, in accounting for variance in the outcome measures. RESULTS: Analyses revealed that the effect of fear of missing out on problematic social media use was fully mediated by both intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation. In contrast, the effect on doomscrolling was fully mediated by intrapersonal emotion regulation only. CONCLUSIONS: Findings clarify the role of emotion regulation in explaining the relationship between fear of missing out and two types of problematic internet use, indicating a need to consider individual differences in emotion regulation in an evolving social media landscape.


Asunto(s)
Regulación Emocional , Miedo , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet , Relaciones Interpersonales , Medios de Comunicación Sociales , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet/psicología , Miedo/psicología , Amigos/psicología , Adulto Joven , Uso de Internet
9.
J Affect Disord ; 358: 377-382, 2024 Aug 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38735584

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Suicide is a significant global public health concern. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on individual-level risk factors. Against this backdrop, microsystem suicide propinquity, which encompasses suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) within families and peer groups, is significant in elucidating the development and perpetuation of STB in adolescents. METHODS: This study utilized data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health, 1994-2018). Adolescents who reported instances of suicide attempts among their friends and family members during Wave 1 were selected (N = 4826). Generalized estimation equations (GEE) and structural equation models (SEM) were employed. RESULTS: GEE analyses indicated that individuals with friends who had attempted suicide exhibited higher risks for suicidal ideation (OR [95 % CI] = 2.57 [2.13, 3.11]) and suicide attempts (OR [95 % CI] = 2.47 [1.78, 3.42]). Also, individuals with family members who had attempted suicide exhibited higher risks for suicidal ideation (OR [95 % CI] = 2.37 [1.62, 3.46]) and attempts (OR [95 % CI] = 2.27 [1.17, 4.41]). However, friends' and family members' suicide attempts failed to show significant interactive effect. Besides, SEM analyses indicated that friends' and family members' suicide attempts were associated with one's long-term suicidal ideation and attempts via depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Suicide attempts of friends and family during adolescence were long-term risk factors for suicidal ideation and attempts from adolescence to young adulthood. Moreover, depressive symptoms served as long-term mechanisms in these associations.


Asunto(s)
Familia , Amigos , Ideación Suicida , Intento de Suicidio , Humanos , Intento de Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Intento de Suicidio/psicología , Adolescente , Masculino , Femenino , Amigos/psicología , Estudios Longitudinales , Familia/psicología , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Grupo Paritario , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología
10.
PLoS One ; 19(5): e0300715, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38753625

RESUMEN

With the onset of puberty, youth begin to choose their social environments and develop health-promoting habits, making it a vital period to study social and biological factors contextually. An important question is how pubertal development and behaviors such as physical activity and sleep may be differentially linked with youths' friendships. Cross-sectional statistical network models that account for interpersonal dependence were used to estimate associations between three measures of pubertal development and youth friendships at two large US schools drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Whole-network models suggest that friendships are more likely between youth with similar levels of pubertal development, physical activity, and sleep. Sex-stratified models suggest that girls' friendships are more likely given a similar age at menarche. Attention to similar pubertal timing within friendship groups may offer inclusive opportunities for tailored developmental puberty education in ways that reduce stigma and improve health behaviors.


Asunto(s)
Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Pubertad , Humanos , Adolescente , Femenino , Pubertad/psicología , Pubertad/fisiología , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Amigos/psicología , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Estudios Longitudinales , Ejercicio Físico , Sueño/fisiología , Apoyo Social , Red Social
11.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 1250, 2024 May 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38714949

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Being socially excluded has detrimental effects, with prolonged exclusion linked to loneliness and social isolation. Social disconnection interventions that do not require direct support actions (e.g., "how can I help?") offer promise in mitigating the affective and cognitive consequences of social exclusion. We examine how various social disconnection interventions involving friends and unknown peers might mitigate social exclusion by buffering (intervening before) and by promoting recovery (intervening after). METHODS: We present an integrative data analysis (IDA) of five studies (N = 664) that systematically exposed participants to exclusion (vs. inclusion) social dynamics. Using a well-validated paradigm, participants had a virtual interaction with two other people. Unbeknownst to participants, the other people's behavior was programmed to either behave inclusively toward the participant or for one to behave exclusively. Critically, our social disconnection interventions experimentally manipulated whether a friend was present (vs. an unknown peer vs. being alone), the nature of interpersonal engagement (having a face-to-face conversation vs. a reminder of an upcoming interaction vs. mere presence), and the timing of the intervention in relation to the social dynamic (before vs. during vs. after). We then assessed participants' in-the-moment affective and cognitive responses, which included mood, feelings of belonging, sense of control, and social comfort. RESULTS: Experiencing exclusion (vs. inclusion) led to negative affective and cognitive consequences. However, engaging in a face-to-face conversation with a friend before the exclusion lessened its impact (p < .001). Moreover, a face-to-face conversation with a friend after exclusion, and even a reminder of an upcoming interaction with a friend, sped-up recovery (ps < .001). There was less conclusive evidence that a face-to-face conversation with an unknown peer, or that the mere presence of a friend or unknown peer, conferred protective benefits. CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide support for the effectiveness of social disconnection interventions that involve actual (i.e., face-to-face) or symbolic (i.e., reminders) interactions with friends. These interventions target momentary vulnerabilities that arise from social exclusion by addressing negative affect and cognitions before or after they emerge. As such, they offer a promising approach to primary prevention prior to the onset of loneliness and social isolation.


Asunto(s)
Aislamiento Social , Humanos , Aislamiento Social/psicología , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Cognición , Afecto , Soledad/psicología , Adulto Joven , Análisis de Datos , Interacción Social , Relaciones Interpersonales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Amigos/psicología , Grupo Paritario
12.
Appetite ; 199: 107503, 2024 Aug 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38763296

RESUMEN

Plant-based eating is beneficial for human and planetary health. It is important to identify factors which may encourage people to reduce meat, and increase plant-based meal intake. Perceived social norms are associated with meat and plant-based meal intake in adults, however, less is known about the relationship between perceived social norms and young adults' own self-reported meat and plant-based eating in general, and in different social contexts. Across two online studies we examined this. In Study 1 (n = 217 young adults, aged 18-25 years, mean age = 19.50 years, SD = 1.37 years, mean BMI = 24.21, SD = 5.45, 91% cisfemale, 92.0% omnivores), perceived descriptive (the perceived behaviour of others) and injunctive (the perceived approval of others) norms were measured in general. In study 2 (n = 151 young adults aged 18-25 years, mean age = 19.62 years, SD = 1.50 years, mean BMI = 24.32, SD = 4.99, 88.8% cisfemale, 71.1% omnivore), perceived descriptive and injunctive norms were examined in a variety of social contexts. In Study 1, perceived descriptive norms about friends were associated with self-reported meat, and descriptive norms about peers and friends, and injunctive norms about friends were positively associated with self-reported plant-based meal intake. In Study 2, descriptive norms about friends were associated with self-reported meat intake in fast-food restaurants and at friends' houses, and injunctive norms about friends were associated with meat intake in restaurants. There were no other significant associations between either type of social norm and meat or plant-based meal intake. We provide the first evidence that peers and friends may be relevant for plant-based meal intake, and only friends may be relevant for meat intake. Further research is needed to examine people's actual food intake, and in longitudinal studies to rule out reverse causality.


Asunto(s)
Carne , Autoinforme , Normas Sociales , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Adolescente , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Comidas/psicología , Amigos/psicología , Dieta Vegetariana/psicología , Dieta/psicología
13.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 1292, 2024 May 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38741128

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: A birth companion is a powerful mechanism for preventing mistreatment during childbirth and is a key component of respectful maternity care (RMC). Despite a growing body of evidence supporting the benefits of birth companions in enhancing the quality of care and birth experience, the successful implementation of this practice continues to be a challenge, particularly in developing countries. Our aim was to investigate the acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, feasibility, and fidelity of implementation strategies for birth companions to mitigate the mistreatment of women during childbirth in Tehran. METHODS: This exploratory descriptive qualitative study was conducted between April and August 2023 at Valiasr Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Fifty-two face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of women, birth companions, and maternity healthcare providers. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis, with a deductive approach based on the Implementation Outcomes Framework in the MAXQDA 18. RESULTS: Participants found the implemented program to be acceptable and beneficial, however the implementation team noticed that some healthcare providers were initially reluctant to support it and perceived it as an additional burden. However, its adoption has increased over time. Healthcare providers felt that the program was appropriate and feasible, and it improved satisfaction with care and the birth experience. Participants, however, highlighted several issues that need to be addressed. These include the need for training birth companions prior to entering the maternity hospital, informing women about the role of birth companions, assigning a dedicated midwife to provide training, and addressing any physical infrastructure concerns. CONCLUSION: Despite some issues raised by the participants, the acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, feasibility, and fidelity of the implementation strategies for birth companions to mitigate the mistreatment of women during childbirth were well received. Future research should explore the sustainability of this program. The findings of this study can be used to support the implementation of birth companions in countries with comparable circumstances.


Asunto(s)
Parto , Investigación Cualitativa , Humanos , Femenino , Irán , Adulto , Embarazo , Parto/psicología , Estudios de Factibilidad , Servicios de Salud Materna , Amigos/psicología , Entrevistas como Asunto , Adulto Joven , Respeto
14.
Health Promot Int ; 39(3)2024 Jun 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38770900

RESUMEN

Social support is a well-established determinant of mental wellbeing. Community initiatives, which combine a purposeful activity with social connection, may be appropriate to promote the mental wellbeing of middle-aged men in Ireland-a group at risk of poor mental wellbeing due to social isolation. parkrun offers free, weekly, 5km run or walk events in 22 countries. This study aims to explore the social experience of parkrun participation for middle-aged men in Ireland and considers how social connections made at parkrun relate to mental wellbeing. Online semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2022/23 with 39 men aged 45-64 years, who run, walk or volunteer at parkrun in Ireland, recruited purposively in rural and urban communities. Men with a range of parkrun experience gave interviews lasting a mean of 32 minutes. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis resulted in three themes and ten subthemes. The men described parkrun as offering a welcoming and supportive environment (Theme 1). Men at parkrun could choose the level of social connections, building strong or weak social ties to provide social support and improve mental wellbeing (Theme 2). Social engagement with parkrun evolved following repeated participation (Theme 3). The results suggest that parkrun is a suitable community initiative for middle-aged men at risk of poor mental wellbeing due to social isolation. Social connections were developed after repeated participation in parkrun and these connections improved subjective mental wellbeing. The findings from this study could be used to design new initiatives for mental health promotion.


Asunto(s)
Salud Mental , Investigación Cualitativa , Apoyo Social , Humanos , Masculino , Irlanda , Persona de Mediana Edad , Entrevistas como Asunto , Aislamiento Social/psicología , Amigos/psicología
15.
J Affect Disord ; 359: 196-205, 2024 Aug 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38777265

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study examines the extent to which depressive symptoms mediate the link between childhood friendship (CF) and physical function among middle-aged and older adults in China. METHODS: China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data were used; specifically, CHARLS life history survey (conducted from June 1-December 31, 2014) and follow-up health survey (conducted from July 1-September 30, 2015) data were used. The Sobel test, Bootstrap test and multivariable logistic regression were performed to examine the mediating role of depressive symptoms (measured by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) in the association between CF (measured by a standardized retrospective questionnaire) and physical function, which was measured by basic activities of daily living (BADL) disability, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability, and grip strength. RESULTS: A total of 12,170 participants aged 45 years or older were included in this cross-sectional study. After controlling for covariates, low-quality CF was associated with an increased prevalence of BADL disability (OR = 1.18; 95 % CI = 1.05-1.32), IADL disability (OR = 1.25; 95 % CI = 1.12-1.40), and low grip strength (OR = 1.21; 95 % CI = 1.09-1.34). The proportion of the mediating effect of depressive symptoms was 48 % for CF and BADL, 40 % for CF and IADL, and 11 % for CF and grip strength. Depressive symptoms and worse CF have a joint effect on BADL disability (OR = 3.30; 95 % CI = 2.82-3.85), IADL disability (OR = 3.52; 95 % CI = 3.03-4.09), and low grip strength (OR = 1.65; 95 % CI = 1.43-1.92). LIMITATIONS: Not all potential confounding factors (such as childhood behavioural problems, genetic factors, and memory function) were measured in the analysis, and there may have been recall bias in the retrospective collection of CF data. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with high-quality CF were more likely to have a decreased prevalence of impaired physical function in later life. Depressive symptoms acted as a mediator associated with the development of CF.


Asunto(s)
Actividades Cotidianas , Depresión , Amigos , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , China/epidemiología , Estudios Longitudinales , Depresión/epidemiología , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Transversales , Amigos/psicología , Jubilación/estadística & datos numéricos , Jubilación/psicología , Fuerza de la Mano , Prevalencia
16.
Pediatr Obes ; 19(7): e13129, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38764203

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate weight bias within young children's pro-social choices between characters who differed in body size. METHODS: Seventy-six children aged 4-6 years read stories asking them to choose who they would first help, share with, comfort, and steal from, between a healthy weight and child with overweight. They also selected the one character they would most like to play with. Children's reasoning for these choices was recorded and analysed. RESULTS: The character with overweight was helped first in only a third of the choices made. Children chose the characters with overweight more often as the target for anti-social action. In friendship selections, children overwhelmingly rejected the characters with overweight. However, weight bias was not prominent in the reasons children gave for the choices. Most children were not negative about body shape, weight or appearance. Similarly, in friendship choices, these were mostly expressed positively to the character chosen. Only a small minority of children were explicitly negative about the character with overweight. CONCLUSIONS: A better understanding of weight bias acquisition and variation between children will benefit those working in health care and educational settings. Future research should link with developmental theory, such as on social categorization and theory of mind.


Asunto(s)
Conducta de Elección , Amigos , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Niño , Preescolar , Amigos/psicología , Sobrepeso/psicología , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Conducta Social , Imagen Corporal/psicología , Conducta Infantil/psicología , Obesidad Infantil/psicología , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Prejuicio de Peso/psicología
17.
Addict Behav ; 156: 108061, 2024 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38744213

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Social media are important venues for youth's exposure to e-cigarette content. This study examined how exposure to user-generated e-cigarette content (i.e., content created and shared by individual social media users) is associated with vulnerabilities to e-cigarette use among youth non-users. METHODS: We pooled data from the 2021 and 2022 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Youth who have never used e-cigarettes were included. Weighted linear and logistic regressions were conducted to examine how exposure to user-generated e-cigarette content (from real-life friends, online-only friends, and celebrities/influencers) on social media was associated with e-cigarette use vulnerabilities measured by perceived norms, perceived risk, and susceptibility of use, controlling for demographics, advertising exposure, and mental health conditions. Multiple imputations were performed to account for missing data. RESULTS: Exposure to e-cigarette content on social media posted by real-life friends, online-only friends, and celebrities/influencers were associated with more positive descriptive norm (ßs = 1.56, 0.37, and 0.35, respectively, all ps < .001), more positive injunctive norm (ßs = 0.46, 0.19, and 0.10, respectively, all ps < .001), and higher odds of e-cigarette use susceptibility (ORs = 1.48, 1.50. 1.29, respectively, all ps < .001). Exposure to content posted by real-life and online-only friends were associated with reduced risk perception of e-cigarette use (ß = -0.04, p < 0.05 and ß = -0.07, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlighted that friends and celebrities/influencers are important sources on social media that can influence youth non-users' vulnerabilities to e-cigarette use. Interventional messages communicated through friends and influencers on social media may in turn help reduce e-cigarette vulnerability among youth non-users.


Asunto(s)
Medios de Comunicación Sociales , Vapeo , Humanos , Medios de Comunicación Sociales/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Vapeo/psicología , Vapeo/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Sistemas Electrónicos de Liberación de Nicotina/estadística & datos numéricos , Amigos/psicología , Publicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Niño , Normas Sociales
18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38742464

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between internet use and loneliness among older Chinese adults, and the mediating effects of family support, friend support, and social participation. These associations were evaluated in the context of urban and non-urban geographic settings. METHODS: This study used data from the 2018 wave of the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey (N = 10,126), examining samples of urban (n = 3,917) and non-urban (n = 6,209) older adults separately. Linear regression and path analysis within a structural equation modeling framework were employed. RESULTS: Internet use was negatively associated with loneliness for both urban and non-urban residing older adults. Family support and social participation mediated the association between internet use and loneliness for both urban and non-urban residing older Chinese adults, but friend support mediated this association only for urban older residents. DISCUSSION: This study shed light on our understanding of the relationship between internet use and loneliness among older adults in the Chinese context. Also, these findings suggested that digital interventions for loneliness should pay special attention to the different characteristics of urban and non-urban dwelling older Chinese adults.


Asunto(s)
Amigos , Uso de Internet , Soledad , Participación Social , Apoyo Social , Población Urbana , Humanos , Soledad/psicología , Anciano , Masculino , Femenino , China/epidemiología , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Participación Social/psicología , Amigos/psicología , Uso de Internet/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Longitudinales , Familia/psicología , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Persona de Mediana Edad , Apoyo Familiar
19.
Appetite ; 198: 107341, 2024 Jul 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38599245

RESUMEN

The influence of the social environment on health behaviors is well documented. In recent years, there is mounting evidence of the health benefits of a plant-based eating pattern, yet little is known about how the social environment impacts the adoption of a plant-based eating pattern, specifically. In this convergent parallel mixed-methods study, we analyzed quantitative survey data and qualitative focus group data to assess how social support impacted participants of a lifestyle medicine intervention focused on the adoption of a plant-predominant eating pattern. Regression analysis of survey data showed a positive association between positive social support and healthy plant-based eating, while no association was found between negative social support and healthy plant-based eating. Focus groups yielded further insights into how positive aspects of social relationships with family and friends facilitated the adoption of plant-predominant eating among participants. Qualitative findings also showed the ways in which negative social support hindered progress to adopt a plant-predominant eating pattern including not eating the same foods as participants, being judgmental about new dietary behaviors, and encouraging participants to eat non-plant-based foods. Taken together, social support appears to be an important factor for individuals adopting a plant-predominant eating pattern. Future research is needed to explore mechanisms to enhance positive social support while mitigating negative aspects of social relationships for individuals participating in similar lifestyle medicine interventions that emphasize on plant-predominant eating.


Asunto(s)
Dieta Saludable , Conducta Alimentaria , Grupos Focales , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Apoyo Social , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Dieta Saludable/psicología , Dieta Vegetariana/psicología , Adulto Joven , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Amigos/psicología , Medio Social
20.
Dev Psychol ; 60(5): 791-808, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38557066

RESUMEN

"Diseases of despair," most prominently depressive and substance-related problems, diminish the prospects of many young adults, especially those with lower levels of education. Yet many young adults in that situation avoid these problems. Close relationships are thought to be a key factor underpinning risk and resilience among this group. To examine this premise, this study explored links, beyond potential confounders assessed in adolescence, between strengths and strains in the social domain and markers of despair in the early and mid-20s in a Canadian sample overrepresenting youth without postsecondary credentials (N = 543, 52% male, 23% non-White). Having a good general ability to maintain supportive relationships was associated with fewer depressive and substance-related symptoms. Furthermore, support and less strain in relationships with parents and friends were associated with fewer depressive symptoms in the early and mid-20s, while for romantic relationships, associations with depressive symptoms became more consistent and robust in the mid-20s. Therefore, support and strains in romantic relationships gradually gained prominence as a determinant of depressive symptoms as youth advanced in adulthood. For substance-related problems, significant associations emerged for strains in friendships only, in both the early and mid-20s. These results suggest that multiple aspects of relationships pose a risk for or protect from the development of diseases of despair in early adulthood and that their relative importance changes depending on outcomes and developmental timing. Thus, facilitating meaningful social connections and reducing the prevalence and impact of relationship strains might contribute to preventing diseases of despair among youth with lower educational attainment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).


Asunto(s)
Depresión , Relaciones Interpersonales , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Depresión/psicología , Adolescente , Canadá , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Adulto , Amigos/psicología , Apoyo Social
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