RESUMEN
Coronary artery (CA) stenosis is a detrimental and often life-threatening sequela in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients with coronary artery aneurysm (CAA). Therapeutic strategies for these patients have not yet been established. All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is a modulator of smooth muscle cell functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of atRA on CA stenosis in a mouse model of KD. Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract (LCWE) was intraperitoneally injected into 5-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice to induce CA stenosis. Two weeks later, the mice were orally administered atRA (30 mg/kg) 5 days per week for 14 weeks (LCWE + atRA group, n = 7). Mice in the untreated group (LCWE group, n = 6) received corn oil alone. Control mice were injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, n = 5). Treatment with atRA significantly suppressed CA inflammation (19.3 ± 2.8 vs 4.4 ± 2.8, p < 0.0001) and reduced the incidence of CA stenosis (100% vs 18.5%, p < 0.05). In addition, atRA suppressed the migration of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) induced by platelet-derived growth factor subunit B homodimer (PDGF-BB). In conclusion, atRA dramatically alleviated CA stenosis by suppressing SMC migration. Therefore, it is expected to have clinical applications preventing CA stenosis in KD patients with CAA.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma/tratamiento farmacológico , Estenosis Coronaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/tratamiento farmacológico , Tretinoina/farmacología , Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Aneurisma/patología , Animales , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Pared Celular/química , Estenosis Coronaria/inducido químicamente , Estenosis Coronaria/patología , Vasos Coronarios/efectos de los fármacos , Vasos Coronarios/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Lacticaseibacillus casei/química , Lipopolisacáridos/química , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Ratones , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/inducido químicamente , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/patología , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/efectos de los fármacosAsunto(s)
Aneurisma , Ciclobutanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar , Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagen , Ciclobutanos/efectos adversos , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Hipertensión Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagenAsunto(s)
Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/efectos adversos , Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/efectos adversos , Hemoperitoneo/inducido químicamente , Hemorragia/inducido químicamente , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/efectos adversos , Anciano , Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma/terapia , Embolización Terapéutica , Femenino , Hemoperitoneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Hemoperitoneo/terapia , Hemorragia/diagnóstico por imagen , Hemorragia/terapia , HumanosAsunto(s)
Aneurisma/patología , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Arterias Bronquiales/patología , Compuestos de Fenilurea/efectos adversos , Quinolinas/efectos adversos , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/tratamiento farmacológico , Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Arterias Bronquiales/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/patología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: It has been reported that smoking is one of the strongest positive risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Although many studies have been directed to decipher the effect of smoking on AAA, its effect on macrophage activation has not yet been explored. OBJECTIVES: We have reported the importance of osteoclastogenesis (OCG) in aneurysm formation. Therefore, we examined the effect of cigarette smoking on OCG and arterial aneurysmal formation by using cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in this study. METHODS: Macrophage cell lines were stimulated with CSE, and their activation and differentiation were examined in vitro. Since macrophages activated through the OCG pathway are identified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression, these cells are referred to as TRAP-positive macrophages (TPMs) in this study. We also applied CSE-contained PBS in the calcium chloride-induced mouse carotid aneurysm model in vivo. RESULTS: Macrophages stimulated with CSE expressed significantly higher levels of nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), TRAP, cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and membrane-type metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). CSE-treated mouse aneurysms showed increased aneurysm size with increased TPM infiltration and protease expression compared to non-CSE-treated mouse aneurysms. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CSE intensifies OCG in macrophages and promotes arterial aneurysmal progression.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/inducido químicamente , Activación de Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoclastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Humo/efectos adversos , Fosfatasa Ácida Tartratorresistente/metabolismo , Productos de Tabaco/efectos adversos , Aneurisma/enzimología , Aneurisma/patología , Animales , Cloruro de Calcio , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/enzimología , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/patología , Catepsina K/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Macrófagos/enzimología , Macrófagos/patología , Masculino , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Osteoclastos/enzimología , Osteoclastos/patología , Células RAW 264.7 , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
Shape memory polymer (SMP) foam-coated coils (FCCs) are new embolic coils coated with porous SMP designed to expand for increased volume filling and enhanced healing after implantation. The purpose of this study was to compare chronic aneurysm healing after treatment with SMP FCCs to bare platinum coil (BPC) controls in the rabbit elastase aneurysm model. BPCs or SMP FCCs were implanted in rabbit elastase-induced aneurysms for follow-up at 30 days (n = 10), 90 days (n = 5), and 180 days (n = 12 for BPCs; n = 14 for SMP FCCs). Aneurysm occlusion and histologic healing, including a qualitative healing score, neointima thickness, collagen deposition, and inflammation were compared between the two groups. The mean neointima thickness was significantly greater in groups treated with SMP FCCs for all three time points. Histologic healing scores and collagen deposition quantification suggested that aneurysms treated with SMP FCCs experience more complete healing of the dome by 90 days, but the differences were not statistically significant. More progressive occlusion and recanalization were observed in aneurysms treated with SMP FCCs, but neither difference was statistically significant. Additionally, the SMP foam used in the FCCs was found to degrade faster in the rabbit elastase model than expected based on previous studies in a porcine sidewall aneurysm model. This study suggests that SMP FCCs can promote neointima formation along the aneurysm neck, and may lead to more complete healing of the dome and neck. These findings indicate potential benefits of this device for aneurysm occlusion procedures. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B:2466-2475, 2019.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma , Materiales Biocompatibles Revestidos , Embolización Terapéutica/instrumentación , Elastasa Pancreática/toxicidad , Materiales Inteligentes , Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Aneurisma/fisiopatología , Aneurisma/terapia , Animales , ConejosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to elucidate aspects of diabetes mellitus-induced suppression of aneurysm. We hypothesized that high glucose suppresses aneurysm by inhibiting macrophage activation via activation of Nr1h2 (also known as liver X receptor ß), recently characterized as a glucose-sensing nuclear receptor. METHODS AND RESULTS: Calcium phosphate (CaPO4)-induced aneurysm formation was significantly suppressed in the arterial wall in type 1 and 2 diabetic mice. A murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, was treated with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) plus CaPO4 and showed a significant increase in matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9) mRNA and secreted protein expression compared with TNF-α alone. Elevated Mmp9 expression was significantly suppressed by hyperglycemic conditions (15.5 mmol/L glucose) compared with normoglycemic conditions (5.5 mmol/L glucose) or normoglycemic conditions with high osmotic pressure (5.5 mmol/L glucose +10.0 mmol/L mannitol). Nr1h2 mRNA and protein expression were suppressed by treatment with TNF-α plus CaPO4 but were restored by hyperglycemic conditions. Activation of Nr1h2 by the antagonist GW3965 during stimulation with TNF-α plus CaPO4 mimicked hyperglycemic conditions and inhibited Mmp9 upregulation, whereas the deactivation of Nr1h2 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) under hyperglycemic conditions canceled the suppressive effect and restored Mmp9 expression induced by TNF-α plus CaPO4. Moreover, Nr1h2 activation with GW3965 significantly suppressed CaPO4-induced aneurysm in mice compared with vehicle-injected control mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that hyperglycemia suppresses macrophage activation and aneurysmal degeneration through the activation of Nr1h2. Although further validation of the underlying pathway is necessary, targeting Nr1h2 is a potential therapeutic approach to treating aneurysm.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma/prevención & control , Glucemia/metabolismo , Fosfatos de Calcio , Arterias Carótidas/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/prevención & control , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Aneurisma/sangre , Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Aneurisma/genética , Aneurisma/patología , Animales , Benzoatos/farmacología , Bencilaminas/farmacología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Arterias Carótidas/efectos de los fármacos , Arterias Carótidas/patología , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/sangre , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/genética , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/patología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/inducido químicamente , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/inducido químicamente , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Receptores X del Hígado/agonistas , Receptores X del Hígado/genética , Receptores X del Hígado/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Células RAW 264.7 , Interferencia de ARN , Transducción de Señal , Estreptozocina , Factores de Tiempo , Transfección , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/farmacologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a newly developed, partially retrievable flow-diverter (the FloWise) in an elastase-induced rabbit aneurysm model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed a partially retrievable flow diverter composed of 48 strands of Nitinol and platinum wire. The FloWise is compatible with any microcatheter of 0.027-inch inner diameter, and is retrievable up to 70% deployment. The efficacy and safety of the FloWise were evaluated in the elastase-induced rabbit aneurysm model. The rate of technical success (full coverage of aneurysm neck) and assessment of aneurysm occlusion and stent patency was conducted by angiograms and histologic examinations at the 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up. The patency of small arterial branches (intercostal or lumbar arteries) covered by the FloWise were also assessed in the 5 subjects. RESULTS: We attempted FloWise insertion in a total of 32 aneurysm models. FloWise placement was successful in 31 subjects (96.9%). Two stents (6.2%) were occluded at the 3-month follow-up, but there was no evidence of in-stent stenosis in other subjects. All stented aneurysms showed progressive occlusion: grade I (complete aneurysm occlusion) in 44.4% and grade II (aneurysm occlusion > 90%) in 55.6% at 1 month; grade I in 90% and II in 10% at 3 months; and grade I in 90% and II in 10% at 6 months. All small arterial branches covered by the FloWise remained patent. CONCLUSION: A newly developed, partially retrievable flow-diverter seems to be a safe and effective tool of aneurysm occlusion, as evaluated in the rabbit aneurysm model.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Aneurisma/cirugía , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Elastasa Pancreática/farmacología , Conejos , Stents/efectos adversos , Aleaciones , Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagen , Angiografía , Animales , Arterias/patología , Arterias/cirugía , Catéteres , Circulación Cerebrovascular/fisiología , Constricción Patológica/inducido químicamente , Constricción Patológica/diagnóstico por imagen , Constricción Patológica/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Platino (Metal)RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The extent, rate, and source of endothelialization following coil embolization of saccular aneurysms remains poorly understood. We performed a whole tissue mount, dual immunohistochemical analysis of experimental aneurysms to characterize the state of endothelialization over time after platinum coil embolization. METHOD AND MATERIAL: Elastase-induced rabbit aneurysms were created and treated with bare platinum coils. Samples were harvested at 4 and 8â weeks (n=6 for each). En face whole tissue mount staining with antibodies to CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin was used to identify endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, respectively. Sytox green stain was used to demonstrate nuclear morphology for identification of inflammatory cells. The extent of endothelialization was measured in relation to the aneurysm neck-parent artery interface. RESULTS: At 4â weeks after coil embolization, very localized membranous tissue and neoendothelial cells were detected on the coil loops immediately adjacent to the parent artery-neck interface, but the remainder of the coil loops remained devoid of endothelial cells. At 8â weeks neoendothelial cells were more confluent over the coils than at 4â weeks, and extended up to 900â µm from the parent artery-neck interface. However, the surfaces of the coils farther away than this region harbored no endothelial cells. Scattered inflammatory cells, including neutrophils and monocytes, were seen on the coil surface at the neck central area, where the coil surface was bare at the 4 and 8â weeks' follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Platinum coil embolization supports gradual but limited endothelialization, where endothelial cells migrate directly from the adjacent parent artery.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma/diagnóstico , Aneurisma/cirugía , Embolización Terapéutica/tendencias , Elastasa Pancreática/toxicidad , Platino (Metal) , Coloración y Etiquetado/métodos , Stents , Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Animales , Femenino , ConejosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a multifunctional protein involved in endocytosis and cell signaling pathways, leads to several vascular pathologies when deleted in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The purpose of this study was to determine whether LRP1 deletion in SMCs influenced angiotensin II-induced arterial pathologies. APPROACH AND RESULTS: LRP1 protein abundance was equivalent in selected arterial regions, but SMC-specific LRP1 depletion had no effect on abdominal and ascending aortic diameters in young mice. To determine the effects of LRP1 deficiency on angiotensin II vascular responses, SMC-specific LRP1 (smLRP1(+/+)) and smLRP1-deficient (smLRP1(-/-)) mice were infused with saline, angiotensin II, or norepinephrine. Several smLRP(-/-) mice died of superior mesenteric arterial (SMA) rupture during angiotensin II infusion. In surviving mice, angiotensin II profoundly augmented SMA dilation in smLRP1(-/-) mice. SMA dilation was blood pressure dependent as demonstrated by a similar response during norepinephrine infusion. SMA dilation was also associated with profound macrophage accumulation, but minimal elastin fragmentation. Angiotensin II infusion led to no significant differences in abdominal aorta diameters between smLRP1(+/+) and smLRP1(-/-) mice. In contrast, ascending aortic dilation was exacerbated markedly in angiotensin II-infused smLRP1(-/-) mice, but norepinephrine had no significant effect on either aortic region. Ascending aortas of smLRP1(-/-) mice infused with angiotensin II had minimal macrophage accumulation but significantly increased elastin fragmentation and mRNA abundance of several LRP1 ligands including MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2) and uPA (urokinase plasminogen activator). CONCLUSIONS: smLRP1 deficiency had no effect on angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Conversely, angiotensin II infusion in smLRP1(-/-) mice exacerbated SMA and ascending aorta dilation. Dilation in these 2 regions had differential association with blood pressure and divergent pathological characteristics.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma/metabolismo , Angiotensina II , Aneurisma de la Aorta/metabolismo , Eliminación de Gen , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Receptores de LDL/deficiencia , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/deficiencia , Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Aneurisma/genética , Aneurisma/patología , Aneurisma/fisiopatología , Animales , Aorta Abdominal/metabolismo , Aorta Abdominal/patología , Aneurisma de la Aorta/inducido químicamente , Aneurisma de la Aorta/genética , Aneurisma de la Aorta/patología , Aneurisma de la Aorta/fisiopatología , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/inducido químicamente , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/genética , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/metabolismo , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/patología , Presión Arterial , Células Cultivadas , Dilatación Patológica , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Elastina/metabolismo , Ligandos , Proteína 1 Relacionada con Receptor de Lipoproteína de Baja Densidad , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Arteria Mesentérica Superior/metabolismo , Arteria Mesentérica Superior/patología , Ratones Noqueados , Músculo Liso Vascular/patología , Músculo Liso Vascular/fisiopatología , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/patología , Norepinefrina , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Receptores de LDL/genética , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/genética , Activador de Plasminógeno de Tipo Uroquinasa/genética , Activador de Plasminógeno de Tipo Uroquinasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
We report two cases of early aneurysmal vessel dilatation after a paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) was used for angioplasty of the peripheral vessels. The first case refers to a failing vein bypass with a tight proximal anastomotic stenosis, whereas the second refers to a distal tibial artery occlusion. A PCB was used to treat both patients. Aneurysmal dilatation of the previously treated segment was noted in both patients during subsequent follow-up imaging. In the absence of other causal factors, we attribute both cases to PCB application. The aneurysms that formed had no detrimental effect on the patients' health and required no further treatment; however, it is important to bear in mind this potential risk of presumed paclitaxel toxicity.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Angioplastia de Balón/efectos adversos , Angioplastia de Balón/instrumentación , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/efectos adversos , Materiales Biocompatibles Revestidos , Paclitaxel/efectos adversos , Vena Safena/efectos de los fármacos , Vena Safena/trasplante , Arterias Tibiales/efectos de los fármacos , Dispositivos de Acceso Vascular , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Aneurisma/diagnóstico , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/administración & dosificación , Dilatación Patológica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Paclitaxel/administración & dosificación , Radiografía , Vena Safena/diagnóstico por imagen , Vena Safena/patología , Arterias Tibiales/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
SUMMARY: Elastase incubation was performed in the LCCA in 13 New Zealand white rabbits. Three weeks after incubation, DSA demonstrated that 10 (10/13, 77%) bifurcation-type aneurysms at the origin of the LCCA were present; mean aneurysm neck, width, and height values were 3.7 ± 1.1, 3.8 ± 0.9, and 8.7 ± 2.3 mm, respectively. The LCCA can be used to create bifurcation aneurysms in rabbits.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagen , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Conejos , Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Angiografía de Substracción Digital , Animales , Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/inducido químicamente , Arteria Carótida Común/diagnóstico por imagen , Elastina/farmacología , LigaduraRESUMEN
The reproductive and developmental toxicity of aminoethylethanolamine was evaluated in a standard screening study (OECD, 1995: Organisation for economic co-operation and development. Paris, France), in which groups of Wistar rats (10/sex/group) were administered the test substance by gavage at dosage levels of 50, 250, or 1000 mg/kg/day (groups 2-4, respectively). A control group received the vehicle, doubly distilled water. No live pups were delivered in group 4, and there was a higher incidence of stillborn offspring and reduced postnatal survival in group 3. Macroscopic changes in groups 2 and 3 were primarily related to the great vessels and characterized by dilations, aneurysms, and altered course of the aorta, pulmonary trunk, carotids, and the ductus arteriosus. A follow-up study was conducted to characterize the low dose-response, using dosage levels of 0, 0.2, 1, 5, or 50 mg/kg/day (groups 1-5, respectively). Given the expected scarcity of the lesions in control offspring, each group consisted of 25 animals of each sex. Macroscopic examination revealed a high incidence (18.5%) of aneurysm-bearing offspring in group 5 litters, and single offspring (0.3-0.4%) with aneurysms in groups 3 and 4. Microscopic examination revealed dissecting aneurysms in offspring from all aminoethylethanolamine treatment groups, without a clear dose-response between groups 2 and 4 (0.6%, 1.2%, and 0.3%, respectively), and focal hemorrhages in all groups including the control. In comparison, the background incidence of aneurysms in untreated 4-day old offspring was 0.2% (Treumann et al., 2011: Toxicol Pathol 39:969-974). Consequently, the findings in groups 2-4 cannot be conclusively attributed to treatment.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma/patología , Vasos Sanguíneos/efectos de los fármacos , Etanolaminas/toxicidad , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Malformaciones Vasculares/patología , Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Peso Corporal , Carcinógenos/toxicidad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Pruebas de Toxicidad , Malformaciones Vasculares/inducido químicamenteRESUMEN
N-(2-Aminoethyl)ethanolamine (AEEA) induced malformations of the great vessels in the offspring of rats treated during gestation and early lactation (Schneider et al., 2012. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol [in press]). The aim of this study was to determine if in utero exposure alone was sufficient to induce these malformations or whether a peri-postnatal exposure or physiological component was required. Three groups of five time-mated female Wistar Han rats were administered AEEA (250 mg/kg/day) by gavage from gestation day (GD) 6 to GD 19 (groups 1 and 2) or from GD 6 to postnatal day 3 (group 3). Animals were euthanized on GD 21 (group 1) or postnatal day 4 (groups 2 and 3), and the hearts of the offspring were examined for changes to the great vessels. The incidence of malformations in group 1 was 91.1%, and primarily consisted of high aortic arch and abnormal carotid course. One fetus had an aortic aneurysm. All fetuses in groups 2 and 3 were malformed, primarily exhibiting abnormal carotid course and aneurysms, which mainly affected the aorta, ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary trunk. The incidence of high aortic arch was lower relative to group 1. Aneurysms were more prevalent in group 3 compared to group 2. These findings indicate that exposure to AEEA during gestation alone was sufficient to induce malformations of the great vessels and aneurysms, which may be triggered by physiological changes that occur during or after birth, but that the critical period of susceptibility to AEEA-induced aneurysms in the rat extends beyond gestation into the early postnatal period.
Asunto(s)
Etanolaminas/toxicidad , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Malformaciones Vasculares/patología , Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Aneurisma/patología , Animales , Femenino , Feto/efectos de los fármacos , Feto/patología , Exposición Materna , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Malformaciones Vasculares/inducido químicamenteRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Inflammation is associated with the formation of aortic aneurysm. This study investigates the role of inducible Cys-X-Cys chemokine receptor 3 and its ligands in the pathogenesis of arterial aneurysms. METHODS: Plasma samples from patients with or without a diagnosis of thoracic aortic aneurysms were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the T-helper 1 cytokine interferon-γ and the interferon-γ-inducible chemokine receptor 3 ligands: interferon-inducible protein-10, interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant, and monokine induced by interferon gamma. Patient charts were reviewed for demographics, initial aortic diameter, and growth rates. Aneurysm diameter and growth rates were correlated with plasma cytokine and chemokine levels using linear regression analysis. We used an animal model of aneurysm formation, where calcium chloride is applied topically to the carotid arteries of wild-type and Cys-X-Cys chemokine receptor 3(-/-) mice. After 10 weeks, the arteries were harvested and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms had significant elevations in circulating interferon-γ, interferon-inducible protein-10, interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant, and monokine induced by interferon gamma compared with referent patients (P < .001). Cytokine and chemokine plasma levels did not correlate with aneurysm size or growth rates. Cys-X-Cys chemokine receptor 3(-/-) mice were protected from aneurysm formation and showed decreased vascular infiltration by CD45(+) leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated plasma levels of interferon-γ and Cys-X-Cys chemokine receptor 3-binding chemokines are present in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms. The Cys-X-Cys chemokine receptor 3 receptor is necessary for vascular inflammation and the formation of arterial aneurysms in mice.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma/metabolismo , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/sangre , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/metabolismo , Quimiocina CXCL10/sangre , Quimiocina CXCL11/sangre , Quimiocina CXCL9/sangre , Interferón gamma/sangre , Receptores CXCR3/sangre , Receptores CXCR3/metabolismo , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Análisis de Varianza , Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Aneurisma/genética , Aneurisma/inmunología , Aneurisma/prevención & control , Animales , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/inmunología , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/patología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Cloruro de Calcio , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/genética , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/inmunología , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/prevención & control , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Connecticut , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Ligandos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Persona de Mediana Edad , Receptores CXCR3/deficiencia , Receptores CXCR3/genética , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
Clinical studies suggest that aneurysm aspect ratio (AR) is an important indicator of rupture likelihood. The importance of AR is hypothesized to arise from its influence on intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics. It has been conjectured that slower flow in high AR sacs leads to a cascade of biological activities that weaken the aneurysm wall (Ujiie et al.,1999). However, the connection between AR, hemodynamics and wall weakening has never been proven. Animal models of saccular aneurysms provide a venue for evaluating this conjecture. The focus of this work was to evaluate whether a commonly used elastase induced aneurysm model in rabbits is suitable for a study of this kind from a hemodynamic perspective. In particular, to assess whether hemodynamic factors in low and high AR sacs are statistically different. To achieve this objective, saccular aneurysms were created in 51 rabbits and pulsatile computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies were performed using rabbit specific inflows. Distinct hemodynamics were found in the low AR (AR<1.8, n=25), and high AR (AR>2.2, n=18) models. A single, stable recirculation zone was present in all low AR aneurysms, whereas a second, transient recirculation zone was also found in the superior aspect of the aneurysm dome for all high AR cases. Aneurysms with AR between 1.8 and 2.2 displayed transitional flow patterns. Differences in values and distributions of hemodynamic parameters were found between low and high AR cases including time averaged wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index, relative residence time and non-dimensional inflow rate. This work lays the foundation for future studies of the dependence of growth and remodeling on AR in the rabbit model and provides a motivation for further studies of the coupling between AR and hemodynamics in human aneurysms.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma/patología , Aneurisma/fisiopatología , Modelos Cardiovasculares , Flujo Pulsátil , Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Elastasa Pancreática/efectos adversos , Elastasa Pancreática/farmacología , ConejosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Experimental saccular aneurysms can be created with surgical techniques of the arterial wall or by injecting pancreatic elastase. Papain is an enzyme with properties similar to those of elastase, and it has not been tested for this purpose. The objective of this study was to determine whether papain produces saccular aneurysms. METHODS: Eleven New Zealand white rabbits (1.9-3.0 kg) were divided into two groups: group I (n = 8)-papain, and group II (n = 3)-sham. The animals underwent surgical exposure of the neck; the right common carotid artery was used as the test and the left common carotid artery as the control. On the 21st day after surgery, animals were sacrificed for removal of the arteries, measurements, and histological analysis. We determine formation of aneurysm to occur when the test artery dilated compared to the control. RESULTS: There was no aneurysm formation in the sham group. The papain group showed aneurysm formation in all cases (100%). The average diameter of the aneurysms was 3.8 ± 1.4 mm and the average length was 16.7 ± 6.0 mm. The histological analysis showed a destruction of the elastic fibers in 100% of cases, mild inflammation in 62.5%, intimal fibrosis in 50%, endothelial injury in 100%, and thrombosis in 100% of cases. CONCLUSION: Papain was capable of forming aneurysms with histological characteristics similar to those of elastase-induced aneurysms; however, a comparative study is necessary to determine whether the papain is superior to elastase in the production of experimental saccular aneurysms.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Aneurisma/patología , Arteria Carótida Común/efectos de los fármacos , Arteria Carótida Común/patología , Animales , Cisteína Endopeptidasas , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Papaína , ConejosAsunto(s)
Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/efectos adversos , Angiomiolipoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/efectos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias/tratamiento farmacológico , Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagen , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/administración & dosificación , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/administración & dosificación , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Bevacizumab , Camptotecina/administración & dosificación , Camptotecina/análogos & derivados , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Leucovorina/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundario , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is no report regarding patency of elastase-induced aneurysms for more than a 2-year period. Our aim was to report aneurysm patency rates up to 5 years in the elastase-induced aneurysm model in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five elastase-induced aneurysms were created in New Zealand white rabbits and followed for up to 5 years. Thirteen (52%) rabbits died during follow-up for reasons unrelated to the aneurysms. DSA was performed at 1 month and at 2 and 5 years in the 12 surviving subjects. Aneurysm patency and dimensions, including neck diameter and aneurysm width and height, were evaluated at each time point in relation to external sizing devices. Differences of aneurysm sizes (neck width and aneurysm width and height) among time points were compared by using the Student t test. RESULTS: Eleven (92%) of the 12 aneurysms in the subjects that survived for 5 years remained fully patent throughout follow-up. A single narrow-neck aneurysm showed partial thrombosis at the 2- and 5-year time points. CONCLUSIONS: Experimental elastase-induced aneurysms in rabbits demonstrate high rates of patency up to 5 years following creation. When planning for very long-term studies, investigators should plan for relatively high rates of mortality unrelated to aneurysm pathology.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma/inducido químicamente , Aneurisma/fisiopatología , Elastasa Pancreática/efectos adversos , Trombosis/fisiopatología , Grado de Desobstrucción Vascular/fisiología , Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagen , Angiografía de Substracción Digital , Animales , Tronco Braquiocefálico/diagnóstico por imagen , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Conejos , Trombosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Morphologic features are thought to play a critical role in the rupture of intracranial, saccular aneurysms. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the gene expression pattern of saccular aneurysms with distinct morphologic patterns. METHODS: Elastase-induced saccular aneurysms with high (>or= 2.4) and low (Asunto(s)
Aneurisma/inducido químicamente
, Aneurisma/metabolismo
, Expresión Génica/fisiología
, Elastasa Pancreática/efectos adversos
, Aneurisma/genética
, Animales
, Modelos Animales de Enfermedad
, Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos
, Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos
, Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos/métodos
, Conejos