Curcumina, una alternativa térapéutica para la clínica dental. Parte: antiinflamatorio y analgésico / Curcumin, a therapeutic alternative for the dental clinic (Part I):An anti-inflammatory and analgesic

La curcumina es una sustancia derivada de una planta llamada Curcuma longa. A esta sustancia se le han atribuido diversos efectos terapéuticos. En relación con la clínica dental, se ha observado que, además de ayudaren el control del dolor, ha sido efectiva contra la periodontitis, estomatitis y mucositis pediátrica. El control del dolor e inflamación son aspectos muy importantes para la mayoría de los tratamientos en odontología; la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas analgésicas y antiinflamatorias que, en comparación con las actuales, sean más eficientes, efectivas y tengan menos efectos colaterales es uno de los grandes retos de las ciencias biomédicas. La presente revisión muestra algunas evidencias científicas de los efectos de la curcumina como un antiinflamatorio y analgésico, con el propósito de sentar las bases para futuros estudios clínicos y de ciencia básica que aporten un mayor entendimiento de los procesos celulares, bioquímicos, moleculares, fisiológicos y farmacológicos de la curcumina como una sustancia potencialmente útilen el consultorio dental.

Curcumin is a substance derived from the plant Curcuma longa andone that has been attributed a range of therapeutic eff ects. In dentalpractice, curcumin has not only been found to help with pain control, buthas also been eff ective against periodontitis, stomatitis, and pediatricmucositis. Controlling pain and infl ammation are both very importantaspects of most dental treatments. The search for more effi cient andeff ective analgesic and anti-infl ammatory alternatives with fewerside eff ects compared to those currently used is one of the greatestchallenges for biomedical science. This review presents some of thescientifi c evidence of the eff ects of curcumin, both as an analgesic andan anti-infl ammatory agent, in order to establish the foundations forfurther clinical and basic science studies that will provide a greaterunderstanding of the cellular, biochemical, molecular, physiological,and pharmacological processes of curcumin as a potentially usefulsubstance in dental practice.

The antibacterial effect of four mouthwashes against streptococcus mutans and escherichia coli.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antimicrobial properties of several mouthwash concentrations on oral Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli. METHODS: The study was conducted at Shiraz Medicine School in 2011. Serial dilutions of Chlorohexidin, Oral B and Persica and Irsha (2,4,8,16,64,128) were prepared in Muller-Hinton media. Minimum inhibitory concentration was visually determined and defined as the lowest concentration of each oral washing which inhibited > 95% growth reduction compared to the growth control well. RESULTS: Chlorhexidine, Oral B and Irsha mouthwash inhibited Streptococcus mutans even with diluted concentrations. Also, Chlorhexidine and Oral B prohibited Escherichia coli with different potencies. But Persica had no antimicrobial activity against either Escherichia coli or Streptococcus mutans. CONCLUSIONS: Chlorhexidine, Irsha, and Oral B mouthwashes can be used for antimicrobial effects, especially on Streptococcus mutans. This chemical activity of mouthwashes is an adjuvant for mechanical removing of plaque. However, the antimicrobial effect of Persicaremains controversial.

In-vitro evidence for efficacy of antimicrobial mouthrinses.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of commercially available antiseptic mouthrinses against saliva-derived plaque biofilms in static and flow-through biofilm systems in vitro. METHODS: Nine mouthrinses were tested in a recirculating flow-through biofilm model (RFTB) with viability assessment by ATP bioluminescence. In addition, five mouthrinses were evaluated in a batch chamber slide biofilm (BCSB) model, using live/dead staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS: In the RFTB model, essential oil (EO) and chlorhexidine (CHX)-containing rinses showed equivalent antimicrobial activity and were more effective than a range of cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC1) formulations. In the BCSB model, twice-daily mouthrinse exposure demonstrated that the EO rinse was significantly more effective than rinses containing amine and stannous fluorides (AFSF), a combination of CPC/CHX, and another CPC formulation (CPC2). EO showed biofilm kill comparable to the CHX rinse. CONCLUSIONS: The present studies have shown that mouthrinses vary significantly in their capability to kill plaque biofilm bacteria in BCSB and RFTB models. The EO mouthrinse demonstrated superior antiplaque biofilm activity to AFSF, CPC/CHX, and CPC rinses and comparable activity to CHX. The methods tested may be of value for the in-vitro screening of antiseptic rinses with different modes of antimicrobial action.

Eficacia del cloruro de cetilpiridinio y el triclosan como antiséptico de la cavidad bucal / Efficacy of cetylpyridinium chloride and triclosan as an antiseptic in the oral cavity

Tanto el cloruro de cetilpiridinio como el triclosan, se encuentran presentes en gran cantidad de formulaciones usadas en la higiene bucal por sus propiedades antisépticas, específicamente en los líquidos enjuagatorios o enjuagues bucales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia del cloruro de cetilpiridinio (colgate plax Overnight®) y el triclosán (colgate plax menta®) como antisépticos en la cavidad bucal. Se tomaron muestras mediante hisopado de la cavidad oral de 10 jóvenes antes y después de la utilización de ambos productos siguiendo las instrucciones de uso. Las muestras fueron leídas a la 1 hora, Se transportaron en medio de Stuart hasta la lectura microbiológica previo cultivo bacteriológico. Los recuentos microbiológicos se enfocaron a los grupos bacterianos aerobios y anaerobios. Como resultado de este estudio, se determinó que tanto el cloruro de cetilpiridinio y el triclosán presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas sobre los grupos bacterianos aerobios y anaerobios, presentando eficacia; así como fue significativamente distinto el recuento bacteriano antes y después del uso de los productos.

Clorhexidine como antimicrobiano / Clorhexidine as an antimicrobial agent

La función de la placa dental en la etiología de la gingivitis y periodontitis es bien establecida para la literatura. Agentes antiplaca empleados en dentífrico, geles, enjuagatorios u otro vehículo pueden aumentar el control de placa supragingival y la prevención de la enfermedad periodontal. Para ejercer actividad antiplaca y antimicrobiana clínicamente, el agente debe ser formulado en un vehículo compatible químicamente para dar óptima liberación y para mostrar substantividad para percepción de los receptores locales de donde puedan ser liberados en una forma biológicamente activa. El uso de estos agentes ofrece al dentista muchas elecciones terapéuticas, pero cuando un producto químico es seleccionado para un paciente, debe ser considerada la verdadera necesidad, eficacia, efectos adversos y costo - beneficio. Por otro lado no puede dejar de llevar en consideración su función como agentes coadyuvantes en la terapia mecánica

Acción de agentes químicos en la eliminación de Candida albicans sobre prótesis dentales / The action of chemical agents on the removal of Candida albicans on dental prosthesis

Se realizó un estudio in vitro, para evaluar la efectividad de cuatro agentes químicos en la eliminación de Cándida albicans sobre prótesis dentales. 10 cuadros de resina acrílica (25 x 25 x 3 mm) fueron sumergidos en un medio contaminado con C. albicans; luego de lavados, 2 muestras por cada grupo se introdujeron en soluciones desinfectantes (grupo 1: control; grupo 2: hipoclorito de sodio al 2 por ciento; grupo 3: ácido acético al 5 por ciento; grupo 4: peróxidos alcalinos; grupo 5: gluconato de clorhexidina al 0.12 por ciento). Posteriormente, se pipeteó 1 cc de solución de cada uno de los desinfectantes a diferentes tiempos de desinfección (5, 10, 15, 20 min y 8 horas) colocándolos en tubos de ensayo con caldo de Sabouraud e incubados a 37ºC por 48 horas. No se observó crecimiento fúngico sobre ninguna muestra a partir de los 20 minutos. Se concluyó que todos los agentes químicos usados en la desinfección de prótesis fueron efectivos para la eliminación de C. albicans.

The effectiveness of four chemical agents to eliminate Candida albicans on dentures was evaluated in this "in vitro" study. 10 Acrylic resin squares (25 x 25 x 3 mm) were immersed in a C albicans contaminated solution. 2 samples per group were rinse and immersed in their disinfecting solutions, as follows: Group 1 control physiologic solution; group 2, sodium hypochlorite 2%; group 3, acetic acid 5%; group 4, alkaline peroxides; chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12%. 1 ml of disinfecting solutions were taken at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 480 min and placed on Sabouraud solution at 37 °C for 48 h. There was no fungi development at 20 or more minutes for any of the experimental groups. It was concluded that all the disinfecting agents used in this research are suitable to be used for dentures against C albicans.

Medical devices; dental devices; classification of oral rinse to reduce the adhesion of dental plaque. Final rule.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is classifying the oral rinse to reduce the adhesion of dental plaque device into class II (special controls). The special control that will apply to the device is the guidance document entitled "Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Oral Rinse to Reduce the Adhesion of Dental Plaque." The agency is classifying the device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is publishing a notice of availability of a guidance document that is the special control for this device.

Toxicity screening of mouthwashes in the pollen tube growth test: safety assessment of recommended dilutions of twenty brands.

The question of whether mouthwash dilutions, recommended by the producers, contribute to irritation of the oral mucosa was examined. Twenty frequently used mouthwash brands were examined by the pollen tube growth test, an alternative in vitro method for the irritation assessment of ingredients of cosmetic formulations. The test is based on the photometric quantification of pollen tube growth inhibition. This parameter is expressed by IC50 values which characterize the cytotoxic potency of a product. The IC50s clearly revealed that none of the tested mouthwashes should cause acute irritation if used at the recommended dilution. However, 4 to 5 of the mouthwashes could probably irritate the oral mucosa acutely, when used in the form of the original producer concentrations.

Effect of a water rinse on 'labile' fluoride and other ions in plaque and saliva before and after conventional and experimental fluoride rinses.

Labile reservoirs are important in maintaining ion concentrations in oral fluids, especially after a fluoride dentifrice application, where a persistent increase in fluid fluoride can mitigate or reverse caries progression. In this study, the effect of experimental and conventional fluoride rinses on the in vitro and in vivo water-induced release of fluoride, calcium, phosphate, acetate and hydrogen ions from oral reservoirs was examined. At the start of each experiment, 13 subjects rinsed either with a conventional 228-ppm fluoride NaF rinse, a 228-ppm fluoride controlled-release rinse (CR rinse) or received no rinse. Sixty minutes later upper and lower molar plaque samples and 1-min saliva samples were collected. The subjects then rinsed with deionized water for 1 min, and 7 min later, a second set of samples was collected (in vivo study). Plaque fluid and clarified saliva were then recovered from samples by centrifugation, and the remaining plaque mass was sequentially extracted with water and acid to measure the water-extracted and total whole-plaque fluoride (in vitro study). All the samples were analyzed using microtechniques for pH, free calcium, phosphate, organic acids (plaque fluid) and fluoride (plaque fluid, centrifuged saliva and plaque extracts). Results showed that in vivo water rinsing decreased acetate and phosphate in plaque fluid, and fluoride in plaque fluid and saliva, but had no effect on plaque fluid pH. In vivo water rinsing, however, increased plaque fluid free calcium, apparently due to water-induced loss of calcium-binding ions. Water- or fluoride-rinse-induced changes in plaque fluid concentration were greater at the lower molar site, suggesting that rinse pooling may influence ion distribution. Before the water rinse, plaque fluid, saliva and whole-plaque total fluoride values were 1.7, 2 and 4 times higher after the CR rinse compared to the NaF rinse. Furthermore, the CR rinse deposited approximately 11 times more water-extracted fluoride compared to the NaF rinse, suggesting a 'more efficient' precipitation of 'labile' or 'loosely bound fluoride'. The results presented here, and in previous studies, suggest the possibility of formulating effective fluoride dentifrices with a lower fluoride content than is currently in use.

Soluçöes fluoretadas para bochecho: influência do pH sobre o metabolismo da placa dentária humana / Fluoride solutions for mouthrinse: the pH influence on the metabolism of human dental plaque

Neste trabalho foi estudado o efeito de soluçöes de NaF 0,05 por cento com pH ácido, neutro e alcalino sobre o metabolismo da placa dentária humana, usando como parâmetros a fermentaçäo e a síntese de polissacarídeos extracelulares. Os resultados mostraram que, para a reduçäo de ambos os parâmetros, a soluçäo de NaF ácida (pH 3,0) apresentou resultados muito superiores aos das soluçöes neutra (pH 7,0) e alcaliana (pH 9,0). Esses dados sugerem que, sempre que possível, o pH das soluçöes utilizadas para bochecho deveria ser ácido, para que fossem obtidos melhores resultados em relaçäo à prevençäo da cárie dentária, no que diz respeito à alteraçäo do metabolismo dos microrganismos da placa dentária