Cuidados de enfermagem para paciente pediátrico com dermatite atópica e epidermólise bolhosa: revisão integrativa / Nursing care for pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis and epidermolysis bullosa: integrative review / Atención de enfermería a pacientes pediátricos con dermatitis atópica y epidermólisis ampollosa: revisión integrativa

A Dermatite Atópica e a Epidermólise Bolhosa são doenças crônicas que afetam a estrutura morfológica e bioquímica da pele, provocando lesões e alterações sistêmicas nos indivíduos afetados, podendo ocasionar infecções generalizadas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e sintetizar as contribuições das pesquisas produzidas sobre os cuidados de enfermagem para crianças com dermatite atópica ou epidermólise bolhosa. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, cuja pergunta norteadora foi: "Quais são os cuidados de enfermagem para o paciente pediátrico com dermatite atópica ou epidermólise bolhosa?". Sua busca aconteceu nas bases de dados: Medline; CINAHL; LILACS e CUIDEN. Não houve restrição quanto ao ano de publicação e foram analisados estudos publicados nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Como resultados foram incluídos 23 estudos, dois quais duas categorias foram elencadas: Assistência de Enfermagem às Crianças Portadoras de Dermatite Atópica e a Epidermólise Bolhosa e, Educação em Saúde. Evidenciou-se a necessidade de investimento em pesquisas bem delineadas sobre o tema, pois a raridade da condição, a escassez de referencial e a dificuldade em encontrar pacientes aptos para intervenções são fatores que contribuem neste cenário científico.

The Atopic Dermatitis and Epidermolysis Bullosa are chronic diseases that affect the morphological and biochemical structure of the skin, causing lesions and systemic changes in affected individuals, which can lead to generalized infections. This study aimed to evaluate and synthesize the contributions of research produced on nursing care for children with atopic dermatitis or epidermolysis bullosa. This is an integrative review, whose guiding question was: "What is the nursing care for pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis or epidermolysis bullosa?". Your search took place in the following databases: Medline; CINAHL; LILACS and CUIDEN. There was no restriction on the year of publication and studies published in English, Portuguese and Spanish were analyzed. As results, 23 studies were included, two of which two categories were listed: Nursing Care for Children with Atopic Dermatitis and Epidermolysis Bullosa and Health Education. The need for investment in well-designed research on the topic was highlighted, as the The rarity of the condition, the scarcity of references and the difficulty in finding patients suitable for interventions are factors that contribute to this scientific scenario.

La Dermatitis Atópica y la Epidermólisis Bullosa son enfermedades crónicas que afectan la estructura morfológica y bioquímica de la piel, provocando lesiones y cambios sistémicos en los individuos afectados, que pueden derivar en infecciones generalizadas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar y sintetizar las contribuciones de las investigaciones producidas sobre los cuidados de enfermería al niño con dermatitis atópica o epidermólisis ampollosa. Se trata de una revisión integradora, cuya pregunta orientadora fue: "¿Cuál es el cuidado de enfermería al paciente pediátrico con dermatitis atópica o epidermólisis ampollosa?". Su búsqueda se realizó en las siguientes bases de datos: Medline; CINAHL; LILAS y CUIDEN. No hubo restricción en el año de publicación y se analizaron los estudios publicados en inglés, portugués y español. Como resultados se incluyeron 23 estudios, dos de los cuales se enumeraron dos categorías: Atención de Enfermería al Niño con Dermatitis Atópica y Epidermólisis Bullosa y Educación para la Salud.Se destacó la necesidad de invertir en investigaciones bien diseñadas sobre el tema, ya que la rareza de la condición, la escasez de referencias y la dificultad para encontrar pacientes aptos para las intervenciones son factores que contribuyen a este escenario científico.

Alívio da dor e sofrimento psicológico em oncologias pediátricas: uma revisão sistemática / Pain relief and psychological distress in pediatric oncology: a systematic review / Alivio del dolor y malestar psicológico en oncología pediátrica: una revisión sistemática

Objetivo: identificar intervenções para reduzir dor e sofrimento psicológico nas oncologias pediátricas duranteprocedimentos com agulhas. Método: Conduziu-se uma revisão sistemática entre novembro de 2020 e maio de 2021 nas bases MEDLINE e PsyclNFO. Foram inclusos: estudos primários com intervenções comportamentais e/ou farmacológicas sem restringir idioma ou ano de publicação e exclusos: secundários e duplicatas. Resultados: Após a elegibilidade, 26 estudos formaram a síntese. O contato familiar, palhaçadas médicas, desviar o olhar, musicoterapia, realidade virtual e hipnose foram as principais técnicas psicológicas. Foram considerados eficazes os métodos farmacológicos: fentanil com etomidato, dose baixa oral ou spray nasal de midazolam e xarope de acetaminofeno. A associação de lidocaína e prilocaína com hipnose mostrou-se efetiva, assim como, midazolam associado com jogos de vídeo ou livros musicais. Conclusão: O caminho para a reduzir dor e sofrimento psicológico é um processo complexo e pode haver um sinergismo entre intervenções psicológicas e farmacológicas.(AU)

Objective: to identify interventions to reduce pain and psychological distress in pediatric oncology patients duringneedle procedures. Method: A systematic review was conducted between November 11, 2020 and May 17, 2021 in MEDLINE and PsyclNFO. We included: primary studies with behavioral and/or pharmacological interventions without restricting language or year of publication and excluded: secondary and duplicates. Results: After eligibility, 26 studies formed the synthesis. Family contact, medical clowning, looking away, music therapy, virtual reality and hypnosis were the main psychological techniques. Pharmacological methods were considered effective: fentanyl with etomidate, low dose oral or nasal spray of midazolam, and acetaminophen syrup. The combination of lidocaine and prilocaine with hypnosis was shown to be effective in reducing fear and pain, as well as midazolam associated with video games or music books. Conclusion: The way to reduce psychological pain and suffering is a complex process and there may be a synergism between psychological and pharmacological interventions.(AU)

Objetivo: Identificar intervenciones para reducir el dolor y la angustia psicológica en los pacientes de oncologíapediátrica durante los procedimientos con agujas. Método: Se realizá una revisión sistemática entre el 11 de noviembre de 2020 y el 17 de mayo de 2021 en MEDLINE y PsyclNFO. Se incluyeron: estudios primarias con intervenciones conductuales y/o farmacológicas sin restringir el idioma o el ano de publicación y se excluyeron: secundarias y duplicados. Resultados: Tras la elegibilidad, 26 estudios formaron la síntesis. EI contacto con la familia, la payasada médica, la mirada ausente, la musicoterapia, la realidad virtual y la hipnosis fueron las principales técnicas psicológicas. Se consideraron eficaces los métodos farmacológicos: fentanilo con etomidato, dosis bajas de midazolam por vía oral o nasal y jarabe de paracetamol. La unión de lidocaína y prilocaína con hipnosis resultá eficaz para reducir el miedo y el dolor, así como el midazolam asociado a videojuegos o libras musicales. Conclusión: La forma de reducir el dolor y el sufrimiento psicológico es un proceso complejo y puede haber un sinergismo entre las intervenciones psicológicas y farmacológicas(AU)

Webpalestra COVID-19 (Coronavírus): orientações e manejo clínico em pediatria

Experiências NE: rede de cardiologia pediátrica da Paraíba

Rede de Cardiologia Pediátrica da Paraíba Experiência de 2012 a 2017

Síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes del posgrado de pediatría / Burnout Syndrome in Pediatric Posgraduate students

Antecedentes: El síndrome de Burnout (SB) o síndrome de desgaste profesional, descrito por primera vez en 1974 por el psiquiatra america-no Herbert Freudenberger, como "estado de fatiga o frustración que se produce por la dedi-cación a una causa, forma de vida o relación que no produce el esperado refuerzo". El objeti-vo del estudio fue identi car el síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes del posgrado de pedia-tría de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras en el Valle de Sula, que rotaban por el Hospital Nacional Mario Catarino Rivas durante el período de junio 2014 hasta agosto 2016. Pacientes y Métodos: Se realizó un estu-dio cuantitativo, descriptivo, no experimental con los médicos residentes ya descritos. Los datos se obtuvieron de un cuestionario en el cual se evaluaron características sociodemo-grá cas, laborales y propias del síndrome de Burnout además se implementó el instrumen-to Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) adaptado al español el cual determina; cansancio emo-cional (CE), despersonalización (DP) y realiza-ción personal (RP), que se han clasi cado en tres niveles: bajo, medio y alto Resultados: Se encuestaron 43 residentes. El 70% (30) presen-tó cansancio emocional alto, 60% (26) tenía niveles altos de despersonalización y 37% (16) presentó niveles bajos de realización personal. Se encontró que el 58% (25) tenían síndrome de Burnout Incompleto, 7% (3) presento Bur-nout completo y 35% (15) no presento el síndrome. Conclusiones: Se determinó que existe el Síndrome de Burnout en los residen-tes de pediatría. El síndrome de Burnout incompleto fue la presentación más frecuente en más de la mitad de los estudiantes...(AU)

Pediatric Residents' Perspective on Family-Clinician Discordance in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study.

The engagement of families in health maintenance is associated with better child health outcomes, but demographic discordance between families and clinicians may be a barrier to family engagement. Using a longitudinal qualitative study design, we conducted 15 semi-structured interviews with five pediatric residents who elected to facilitate group well child care (GWCC). Four themes describing residents' perceptions of the role of discordance in family-clinician engagement include: 1) discordance was not a barrier; 2) discordance leads to a lack of engagement and trust; 3) residents transcended discordance in GWCC because either GWCC led residents to change their communication techniques or because, with GWCC, parents have concordant adults in the room; and 4) the education residents obtained in GWCC allowed them to empathize with the families' health-related decisions. Finding ways in which pediatric providers can improve skills in family engagement may be an important step in decreasing health inequities.

Early extracorporeal life support experiences in 2 tertiary pediatric intensive care units in Turkey.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a unique life-support modality offered to patients unresponsive to optimal medical therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate early experiences with ECMO support in 2 tertiary Turkish pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated a total of 10 ECMO-supported patients between March 2012 and March 2013 in Marmara and Ege University Hospital PICUs. We reported data regarding demographics, laboratory and diagnostic information, and the clinical course of the patients. RESULTS: The study consisted of 6 males and 4 females from 5 months to 14 years of age (mean age: 0.5 ± 5.01 years) supported with ECMO. Out of the 10 patients, 8 were on venovenous ECMO for respiratory failure and 2 received venoarterial ECMO for cardiac failure. Mean ECMO and intensive care duration was 11.1 ± 7.3 days and 23.5 ± 17.8 days, respectively. Bleeding was the most common complication (60%). Forty percent of the patients were weaned from ECMO, among which 50% were discharged in good health without sequelae. CONCLUSION: Initial experiences build the learning curve of institutions, and our early results are encouraging. Giving time to heal to the right patient at the right time is the key to success.

Ultrasound-assisted lumbar puncture in pediatric emergency medicine.

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-assisted lumbar puncture in the pediatric emergency medicine setting has not been well established, but ultrasound could serve as a valuable tool in this setting. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether ultrasound increases provider confidence in identifying an insertion point for lumbar puncture. METHODS: A feasibility study was conducted using a convenience sample of pediatric emergency patients requiring lumbar puncture. Provider confidence in selecting a needle insertion site for lumbar puncture using ultrasound assistance was compared to provider confidence using traditional landmarks alone. A simple technique using a linear probe is described. RESULTS: Nineteen patients were included in the study, with the primary end point the mean confidence score (based on a five-point Likert scale) in identifying a needle insertion site prior to and after using ultrasound. Using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the mean confidence score was 2.89 with the landmark procedure alone, and 4.79 with ultrasound assistance, yielding an average score difference of 1.90 (95% confidence interval 1.23-2.56; Wilcoxon p < 0.001, paired t-test p < 0.001). Thus, compared to the landmark procedure, the use of ultrasound was associated with a significantly higher average confidence score. CONCLUSION: The use of ultrasound in the pediatric emergency setting can be a valuable adjunct with lumbar puncture.

Pediatric prehospital assistance conducted by the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) / Assistência pré-hospitalar pediátrica realizada pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) / Asistencia prehospitalaria pediátrica realizada por el Servicio de Atención Móvil De Urgencia (SAMU)

Objetivo: Descrever o atendimento pré-hospitalar pediátrico realizado pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (Samu) no município de Feira de Santana-BA, em 2009. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa quantitativa, retrospectiva e descritiva, baseada nos registros dos atendimentos pediátricos realizados pelo Samu no município de Feira de Santana. Resultados: Foram identificados 372 atendimentos; 43,5% a crianças de 5 a 10 anos; 57,1% das ocorrências foram no domicílio; quedas (28,7%) e atropelamentos (22,9%) foram as causas externas mais comuns; as causas clínicas mais prevalentes foram agravos respiratórios (40,0%) e crises convulsivas (27,9%). Conclusão: O estudo permitiu conhecer a realidade da assistência pré-hospitalar à criança no município, podendo contribuir com políticas públicas voltadas a essa clientela; além disso, colabora com a produção científica relacionada ao atendimento pré-hospitalar infantil, tema pouco explorado nessa população.

Objective: Describe the prehospital pediatric assistance conducted by the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) in the town of Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil, in 2009. Method: This is a quantitative, retrospective, and descriptive research, based on the records of pediatric treatments conducted by SAMU in the town of Feira de Santana. Results: One identified 372 treatments; 43.5% for children from 5 to 10 years; 57.1% of occurrences took place at home; falls (28.7%) and running over cases (22.9%) were the most usual external causes; the most prevalent clinical causes were respiratory problems (40.0%) and convulsive crises (27.9%). Conclusion: The study allowed knowing the reality of pre-hospital assistance for children in the town, and it can contribute to public policies aimed at this clientele; besides, it collaborates to the scientific production related to the prehospital child assistance, a theme poorly explored among this population.

Objetivo: Describir el atendimiento pre-hospitalario pediátrico realizado por el Servicio de Atención Móvil de Urgencia (Samu) en el municipio de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil, en 2009. Método: Esta es una investigación cuantitativa, retrospectiva y descriptiva, basada en los registros de los atendimientos pediátricos realizados por el Samu en el municipio de Feira de Santana. Resultados: Fueron identificados 372 atendimientos; 43,5% a niños de 5 a 10 años; 57,1% de las ocurrencias fueron en el domicilio; caídas (28,7%) y atropellos (22,9%) fueron las causas externas más comunes; las causas clínicas más prevalentes fueron problemas respiratorios (40,0%) y crisis convulsivas (27,9%). Conclusión: El estudio permitió conocer la realidad de la asistencia pre-hospitalaria al niño en el municipio, pudiendo contribuir con políticas públicas dirigidas a esa clientela; además, colabora con la producción científica relacionada con el atendimiento prehospitalario infantil, tema poco explorado en esa población.

Low fidelity, high quality: a model for e-learning.

BACKGROUND: E-learning continues to proliferate as a method to deliver continuing medical education. The effectiveness of e-learning has been widely studied, showing that it is as effective as traditional forms of education. However, most reports focus on whether the e-learning is effective, rather than discussing innovations to allow clinical educators to ask 'how' and 'why' it is effective, and to facilitate local reproduction. CONTEXT: Previous work has set out a number of barriers to the introduction of e-learning interventions. Cost, the time to produce interventions, and the training requirements for educators and trainees have all been identified as barriers. We set out to design an e-learning intervention on paediatric prescribing that could address these issues using a low-fidelity approach, and report our methods so as to allow interested readers to use a similar approach. INNOVATION: Using low-cost, readily accessible tools and applying appropriate educational theory, the intervention was produced in a short period of time. As part of a randomised controlled trial, long-term retention of prescribing skills was demonstrated, with significantly higher prescribing skill scores in the e-learning group at 4 and 12 weeks (p < 0.0001). Feedback was universally positive, with Likert responses suggesting that it was useful, convenient and easy to use. IMPLICATIONS: A low-fidelity approach to designing can successfully overcome many of the barriers to the introduction of e-learning. The design model described is simple and can be used by clinical teachers to support local development. Further research could investigate the experiences of these clinicians using this method of instructional design.

COMPASS: a novel risk-adjustment model for catheter ablation in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients.

BACKGROUND: Robust risk-adjustment algorithms are often necessary if data from clinical registries is to be used to compare rates of important clinical outcomes between participating centers. Although such algorithms have been successfully developed for surgical and catheter-based cardiac interventions in children, outcomes of pediatric and congenital catheter ablation have not been modeled with respect to case mix. METHODS: A working group was appointed by the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society to develop a risk-adjustment algorithm for use in conjunction with a modernized, multicenter registry database. Expert consensus was used to develop relevant outcome measures, an inclusive list of possible predictors, and estimates of associated incremental risk. Historical data from the Pediatric Radiofrequency Ablation Registry was reanalyzed using multivariate regression to create statistical models of ablation outcomes. RESULTS: Acute ablation failure and serious adverse event rates were modeled as outcomes. Statistical modeling was performed on 4486 cases performed in 19 centers. For ablation failure rate, a simple model including general category of arrhythmia mechanism and presence of structural congenital heart disease accounted for ∼71% of outcome variance. The model was useful for identification of between-center variability in the historical data set. Although expert consensus predicted the need for a more complex model, predicted univariate effects were similar to those generated by statistical modeling. Serious adverse events were too infrequent to permit statistical association with any predictive variable, but could be compared with the mean rate observed among all centers. CONCLUSION: A substantial component of the intercenter variability of acute ablation outcomes in a historical database of pediatric and congenital ablation patients may be accounted for by a simple statistical model, exposing variations in outcome specific to centers. This will be a useful initial model for use a modern registry for pediatric catheter ablation outcomes.

Evaluación inicial del paciente pediátrico: ¿cómo se debe realizar? / Initial Assessment of the Pediatric Patient: How to Perform?

En el servicio de urgencias de pediatría es fundamental reconocer de forma precoz lossignos clínicos que indican amenaza para la vida del paciente y que se deben manejarágil y oportunamente. Ello se constituye en un reto para el personal de salud que loasiste, pues se requiere una valoración inicial rápida enfocada en un punto de vistafisiopatológico que analice la afectación hemodinámica y la insuficiencia respiratoria,a fin de prevenir un paro cardiorrespiratorio. Esta primera aproximación que sepropone se denomina triángulo de evaluación pediátrica (TEP), basado en apariencia(aspecto general), respiración y circulación, a partir del cual se realiza un examenvisual y uno auditivo en los primeros segundos de la llegada del paciente pediátrico alservicio de urgencias. Este permite una categorización del estado clínico y tomar unadecisión adecuada...

In the pediatric emergency department, it is essentialto recognize early clinical signs that indicatethreat to the patient’s life and should behandled quickly, becoming a challenge for themedical team assisting. It requires a quick initialassessment of the critically ill patient, approachingit from a physiological point of viewby analyzing the hemodynamic and respiratorycompromise, preventing cardiac arrest. Thisfirst approach is called the Pediatric AssessmentTriangle based on general appearance, breathingand circulation, in which visual and auditoryexamination is performed in the first seconds ofthe arrival of the pediatric patient to the emergencyroom allowing categorization of the clinicalstatus to make the right decision...

E-consultation for DSD: a global platform for access to expert advice.

Electronic consultation (e-consultation) has been used for some years to facilitate communication between patients and their doctors, but it is also emerging as a valuable tool aiding communication between clinicians, both primary care and specialists, about a patient's care. Telehealth systems are being developed to provide video consultations to support diagnosis and management, as well as supporting clinical networks and health professional education. In some world regions, it seems increasingly likely that most rare diseases will be managed through a network of centres of expertise, and e-consultation systems may become a vital component of the service provided by these networks. Long-distance consultation across geographical and national boundaries has been used between colleagues in DSD for many years. However, the development of a robust and secure e-consultation service within the international DSD community appears to be timely. It will extend the current database and e-learning facilities, and should be achieved with the objective of providing expert opinion on a worldwide basis. It is proposed to install a steering committee to oversee the various practical, legal and cultural issues setting standards on data collection and exchange. The opportunity to broaden access to healthcare for all DSD patients and to widen discussion across the DSD community is valuable, and it is the view of the authors that this should be pursued and developed.

The clinical presentation and surgical management of adnexal torsion in the pediatric and adolescent population.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the history, clinical presentation, physical exam, and laboratory findings of ovarian and/or tubal torsion in the pediatric and adolescent population and to examine the surgical management of adnexal torsion. DESIGN: Descriptive, retrospective chart review. SETTING: Academic children's hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Children and adolescents, aged 3-21 years, with the surgical diagnosis of ovarian and/or tubal torsion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pain, physical exam, and laboratory characteristics and surgical outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 82 cases, there was a higher rate of right-sided adnexal torsion (64%). The most commonly reported duration of pain was 24 hours. Most (91%) stated the pain has sudden onset and 69% qualified the pain as severe. Eighty-three percent complained of nausea and 67% had vomiting. There was a higher rate of tachycardia in younger patients (P = 0.003). On exam, 91% of subjects presented with tenderness, usually in the right lower quadrant (61%). A longer duration of pain was associated with a higher rate of oophorectomy and/or salpingectomy. There was no difference in the rates of the removal of adnexal structures between gynecologists and pediatric surgeons. CONCLUSIONS: Most pediatric or adolescent patients with adnexal torsion present with acute onset of severe, intermittent pain lasting for 24 hours. Nausea and vomiting, as well as abdominal tenderness were common. Our findings will facilitate the accurate diagnosis of adnexal torsion and may contribute to more expedient surgical management.

Extended newborn screening: an update for the general paediatrician.

Extended newborn screening (ENBS) with the use of tandem mass spectrometry technology is well established in all Australian states and in New Zealand. ENBS has afforded a marked reduction in morbidity and mortality in select conditions such as medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. While this technology has been of great benefit to newborn screening, it comes with many inherent and unforeseen challenges. In this review, we discuss the successes and challenges associated with ENBS.

Nurse practitioners and physician assistants employed by general and subspecialty pediatricians.

OBJECTIVE: There is little nationally representative information describing the current manner in which nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) work in pediatric practices and their professional activities. To understand better the current NP and PA workforce in pediatric primary and subspecialty care, we conducted a national survey of pediatricians. METHODS: A survey study of a random national sample of 498 pediatric generalists and 1696 subspecialists in the United States was performed by using a structured questionnaire administered by mail. The survey focused on practice settings, employment, and scope of work of NPs and PAs. RESULTS: Response rates were 72% for generalists and 77% for subspecialists. More than one-half (55%) of generalists reported that they do not currently work with NPs or PAs, compared with only one-third of subspecialists who do not. Many generalists and subspecialists intend to increase the number of NPs and PAs in their practices in the next 5 years. More generalist and subspecialty practices work with NPs than with PAs. There was great variability between generalists and subspecialists and among different subspecialties in the proportions that worked with NPs and PAs. The scope of work of NPs and PAs also varied between generalists and subspecialists. CONCLUSIONS: Planned increases in the number of NPs hired and expansion of their scope of work might put subspecialists and general pediatricians in competition with regard to recruitment and hiring of a limited pool of new pediatric NPs. Similar issues might arise with PAs.