RESUMEN
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the ocular characteristics associated with spontaneously high myopia in adult nonhuman primates (NHPs). Methods: A total of 537 eyes of 277 macaques with an average age of 18.53 ± 3.01 years (range = 5-26 years), raised in a controlled environment, were included. We measured ocular parameters, including spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AXL), and intraocular pressure. The 45-degree fundus images centered on the macula and the disc assessed the fundus tessellation and parapapillary atrophy (PPA). Additionally, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to measure the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Results: The mean SE was -1.58 ± 3.71 diopters (D). The mean AXL was 18.76 ± 0.86 mm. The prevalence rate of high myopia was 17.7%. As myopia aggravated, the AXL increased (r = -0.498, P < 0.001). Compared with non-high myopia, highly myopic eyes had a greater AXL (P < 0.001), less RNFL thickness (P = 0.004), a higher incidence of PPA (P < 0.001), and elevated grades of fundus tessellation (P < 0.001). The binary logistic regression was performed, which showed PPA (odds ratio [OR] = 4.924, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.375-10.207, P < 0.001) and higher grades of fundus tessellation (OR = 1.865, 95% CI = 1.474-2.361, P < 0.001) were independent risk characteristics for high myopia. Conclusions: In NHPs, a higher grade of fundus tessellation and PPA were significant biomarkers of high myopia. Translational Relevance: The study demonstrates adult NHPs raised in conditioned rooms have a similar prevalence and highly consistent fundus changes with human beings, which strengthens the foundation for utilizing macaques as an animal model in high myopic studies.
Asunto(s)
Fondo de Ojo , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Disco Óptico/patología , Disco Óptico/diagnóstico por imagen , Atrofia Óptica/patología , Atrofia Óptica/epidemiología , Presión Intraocular/fisiología , Miopía Degenerativa/patología , Miopía Degenerativa/epidemiología , Fibras Nerviosas/patología , Longitud Axial del Ojo/patología , Células Ganglionares de la Retina/patología , Miopía/patología , Miopía/epidemiología , Miopía/veterinariaRESUMEN
Os autores fazem uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a miopia patológica, sua incidência, fisiopatologia, prognóstico e tratamento
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Miopía/diagnóstico , Miopía/fisiopatología , Miopía/terapia , Atrofia Óptica/clasificación , Atrofia Óptica/diagnóstico , Atrofia Óptica/epidemiología , Atrofia Óptica/fisiopatología , Atrofia Óptica/terapiaRESUMEN
Os autores estudaram, prospectivamente, 174 crianças e adolescentes de um total de 473 casos com ferimento perfurante ocular, atendidos no Pronto Socorro de Oftalmologia do Hospital Säo Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, com seguimento de 2 a 36 meses (x=9,5 meses). Observou-se um predomínio do sexo masculino (74,7 por cento), obedecendo uma proporçäo de 3:1. A córnea foi o local-escleral (30,3 por cento). A maioria das perfuraçöes se deveu a acidentes em ambiente doméstico (71,3 por cento), seeguida dos acidentes causados por violência (14,4 por cento), envolvendo objetos pérfuro-contundentes (28,7 por cento), contundentes (228,2 por cento) e pontiagudos (22,5 por cento). É discutida a relaçäo do prognóstico visual com o agente causal e achados pré-operatórios, bem como a alta incidência de atrofia ocular (25,8 por cento)
