[Reflections on the enforcement of the genetic code of Act No. XXI of 2008]. / Reflexiók a 2008. évi XXI. genetikai törvény végrehajtásához.

The genetic code of Act No. XXI of 2008 is a milestone in the national codification of Hungarian human genetic studies and research. The code is in conformity with international as well as EU legislations. It guarantees full enforcement of both the right to self-determination and the rules of the profession. The criteria of legal functioning are institutional accreditation, regular auditing, decreed government control, and coordinated network structure. Further government and ministerial decrees are necessitated for its enforcement.

Corporate integrity agreements: making the best of a tough situation.

Healthcare providers increasingly are entering into corporate integrity agreements as part of settlements with the Federal government in fraud-and-abuse cases. Providers pursue these settlements to avoid the costs of defending themselves against fraud charges. However, the costs relating to the long-term compliance activity mandated in the settlement's corporate integrity agreement also can be substantial. These costs include significant staff resources that must be devoted to compliance efforts demanded by the agreement and the required engagement of consultants to monitor the organization's compliance. Healthcare financial managers should be familiar with the elements of a typical corporate integrity agreement and understand strategies for negotiating such an agreement. Effective negotiations can help minimize the organization's costs of compliance with the agreement and facilitate its ongoing implementation of the agreement.

Environmental auditing programme in India.

The concept of environmental auditing in industrial units in India was formally introduced in March 1992 with the overall objective minimising consumption of resources and promoting use of clean technologies in industrial production to minimise generation of wastes. A series of discussions were held among the concerned regulatory agencies before and after making environmental auditing and submission of Annual Environmental Statements, a mandatory requirement for the industries. This followed organisation of a number of workshops, seminars and training programmers all over the country by different agencies dealing with environment protection, conducting of audit studies in 125 selected polluting industries in the country by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Delhi, and a number of other activities. The present paper gives the details of the activities before and after the introduction of this requirement in the country. The aspects covered include (i) the evolution of the concept, (ii) the history of the introduction of the scheme in the country and the organisational structure, (iii) the mandatory requirement and its applicability, (iv) the implementing agencies and their responsibilities, (v) summary of the training programmes/workshops organised in the country, (vi) case studies conducted by CPCB in selected polluting industries and the major findings, (vii) development of guidelines for conducting environmental audit in different categories of polluting industries, and (viii) the current status of the scheme and plans for its effective implementation.