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Dermatólogos , Autoexamen , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Dermatólogos/estadística & datos numéricos , Autoexamen/métodos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Piel/patología , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Melanoma/patologíaRESUMEN
We pioneered a smartphone-based digital platform for oral cancer self-examination, namely RISKOCA. It enabled anyone to self-submit their own oral images to evaluate the potential risk of oral lesions. Integrative artificial intelligence (AI) could immediately report if the image might have a type of oral cancer as well as the precise locations of the lesions. Participating specialist dentists would have to re-evaluate and confirm the results before sending back recommendation to the patients. High participation and satisfaction indicated the success of this pilot study. This project aims to promote oral public health and health surveillance, both nationally and globally.
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Aplicaciones Móviles , Neoplasias de la Boca , Autoexamen , Teléfono Inteligente , Neoplasias de la Boca/diagnóstico , Humanos , Proyectos Piloto , Inteligencia ArtificialRESUMEN
Secondary prevention of skin cancer consists in early detection of malignant lesions through patients' mole self-examination and medical examination. The objective of this study was to assess the self-reported frequency of mole examination in a large, representative sample of the adult general population of 17 countries from all continents. Of a total of 17,001 participants, 4.8% had their moles checked by a dermatologist more than once a year, 11.3% once a year, 8.4% every 2-3 years, 12.4% once in a while, 10.3% once in lifetime, and 52.6% of participants had never performed a mole examination. Egypt was the country with the highest prevalence of people who performed a moles check more than once a year (15.9%), followed by Brazil and the USA. A higher frequency of mole checks was associated with sex (man vs woman), higher education, higher income, fair phototype, history of skin cancer, medical insurance, and sun-protective behaviours. Despite recommendations by health providers, it appears that the frequency of mole checks in the general population is still low. It is necessary for dermatologists to keep informing at-risk populations about the importance of moles check, with particular care regarding categories that less frequently adhere to secondary prevention measures.
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Dermatólogos , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dermatólogos/estadística & datos numéricos , Autoexamen , Adulto Joven , Anciano , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Nevo/epidemiología , Nevo/diagnóstico , Prevención Secundaria , Salud Global , Adolescente , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Encuestas de Atención de la Salud , Factores de Tiempo , Valor Predictivo de las PruebasRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Testicular cancer is among the most common malignancies in men under the age of 50 years. Most testicular symptoms are linked to benign diseases. Men's awareness of testicular diseases and testicular self-examination behaviours are suboptimal. In this pilot feasibility study and process evaluation we examine the feasibility of conducting a future definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) to test the effect of the Enhancing Men's Awareness of Testicular Diseases using Virtual Reality intervention (E-MATVR) compared to the Enhancing Men's Awareness of Testicular Diseases using Electric information control (E-MATE). The study protocol is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05146466). METHODS: Male athletes, engaged in Gaelic games, and aged 18 to 50 years were included. Recruitment was via FacebookTM, XTM (formerly TwitterTM), and posters. Participants were individually randomised to either E-MATVR or E-MATE. Data were collected at baseline (T0), immediately post-test (T1), and three months post-test (T2) using surveys. Qualitative interviews were conducted with participants and researchers. RESULTS: Data were collected from 74 participants. Of those, 66 were retained. All E-MATVR participants and most E-MATE participants (n = 33, 89.2%) agreed/strongly agreed that the device was easy to use and that they were engaged to learn by the device. Most E-MATVR participants (n = 34, 91.9%) and all E-MATE participants agreed/strongly agreed that the time it took them to complete the intervention was reasonable. All 74 participants were extremely satisfied/somewhat satisfied with their overall participation in the study. E-MATVR was described as interactive, easy, fun, and close to real life. Initial difficulty using VR equipment, nausea, and technical issues were identified as challenges to engaging with E-MATVR. Recommendations were made to make VR more accessible, shorten the survey, and incorporate more interactivity. Across all participants, mean testicular knowledge scores (range 0-1) increased from 0.4 (SD 0.2) at T0 to 0.8 (SD 0.2) at T1. At T2, overall mean scores for participants were 0.7 (SD 0.2). Mean knowledge scores did not differ by trial arm at any timepoint. At T2, all E-MATVR participants and 29/32 E-MATE participants (90.6%) reported purposefully examining their testes within the past three months. CONCLUSION: Findings are promising, highlighting the feasibility of using VR to promote young athletes' awareness of testicular diseases. Considering the strengths, limitations, and lessons learned from this study, some modifications are required prior to conducing an RCT. These include but are not limited to shortening survey questions, incorporating more interactivity and visual content, and targeting more heterogenous male-dominated environments.
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Estudios de Factibilidad , Realidad Virtual , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Enfermedades Testiculares , Neoplasias Testiculares , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Autoexamen/métodos , ConcienciaciónRESUMEN
Background: Australia is known for its outdoor culture, with a large percentage of its population engaging in outdoor recreational activities, aquatic, non-aquatic and outdoor occupational activities. However, these outdoor enthusiasts face increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), leading to a higher risk of skin cancer, including malignant melanoma (MM). Over the past 40 years, there has been a significant rise in skin cancer rates in Australia, with two out of three Australians expected to develop some form of skin cancer by age 70. Currently, skin cancer examinations are not endorsed in asymptomatic or low-risk individuals in Australia, with only high-risk individuals recommended to undergo regular skin examinations. Notably, the Melanoma Institute Australia suggests that one-half of patients identify MMs themselves, although this claim appears to be based on limited Australian data which may not reflect contemporary practice. Therefore this study sought to determine the percentage of patients who were able to self-identify MMs as lesions of concern when presenting for a skin cancer examination. Methods: Multi-site, cross-sectional study design incorporating a descriptive survey and total body skin cancer screening, including artificial intelligence by a skin cancer doctor. Results: A total of 260 participants with suspect MM lesions were biopsied, with 83 (31.9%) found to be melanomas. Of the true positive MMs only a small percentage of participants (21.7% specificity) correctly had concerns about the suspect lesion being a MM. These MMs were located primarily on the back (44.4%), shoulder (11.1%) and upper leg (11.1%). There was no significant difference in the size between those participants aware of a MM versus those who were not (P = 0.824, 24.6 vs 23.4 mm2). Significantly more males identified lesions of concern that were MMs as compared to females (P = 0.008, 61.1% vs 38.9%, respectively). With regard to true negatives males and females were similar (52.1% vs 47.9%, respectively). With regard to false negatives (n = 65), a greater percentage of males than females did not recognize the MM as a lesion of concern (66.2% vs 33.8%, respectively). Participants were more likely to correctly identify an invasive MM as opposed to an in situ MM (27.3% versus 21.3%). Conclusions: Only a small percentage of participants in this study were able to self-identify either in situ or invasive MM as a lesion of concern with a tendency to identify the more advanced, thicker MMs. Given that MM is associated with a high mortality and cost of treatment, particularly when invasive, the inability of lay persons to identify these cancerous lesions will likely lead to delayed treatment and a possible adverse outcome. We believe the current melanoma screening practices in Australian general practice should be revisited to improve patient outcomes with regard to MM. Additionally, prevention campaigns should include images and primary risk factors for MM.
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Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Melanoma , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Melanoma/epidemiología , Melanoma/patología , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Femenino , Masculino , Australia/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Transversales , Anciano , Adulto , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Autoexamen , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en SaludRESUMEN
Skin self-examinations play a vital role in skin cancer detection and are often aided by online resources. Available reference photos must display the full spectrum of skin tones so patients may visualize how skin lesions can appear. This study investigated the portrayal of skin tones in skin cancer-related Google Images, discovering a significant underrepresentation of darker skin tones. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(5):e132-e133. doi:10.36849/JDD.7886e.
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Neoplasias Cutáneas , Pigmentación de la Piel , Humanos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Fotograbar , Autoexamen/métodos , Piel/patología , Internet , Motor de BúsquedaAsunto(s)
Autoexamen , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Autoexamen/métodos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Masculino , FemeninoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Outdoor workers are at increased risk for skin cancer and melanoma. This qualitative study aimed to explore outdoor workers' perspectives and experiences of primary (i.e. sun protection) and secondary prevention, i.e. skin self-examination (SSE) of skin cancer. METHODS: Purposive, snowball, and theoretical sampling was used to recruit outdoor workers in Kentucky and Indiana. Semi-structured interviews via telephone or videoconference of approximately 45 min were conducted with interviewer probes and questions about perceptions of cancer risk, prevention, and screening techniques conducted, perceived barriers and facilitators, and preferences for health dissemination venues. The recordings were transcribed verbatim and de-identified. Analysis involved constructivist grounded theory coding strategies. Using peer debriefing and consensus building around themes, the researcher established a codebook for all interviews to utilize within Dedoose software for systematizing and organizing data. RESULTS: Eighteen interviews were conducted. Interviewees (N = 18) ranged in age from 35 to 78 yr, with 3 females. Outdoor industries included agriculture, maintenance, and grounds maintenance. Themes derived from the data showed the underlying factors and perceptions that influence outdoor workers to conduct primary and secondary cancer prevention activities. The level of alarm attributed to disease and the level of trust in information contribute to intentions to conduct activities. The intentions and trust toward healthcare institutions and providers drive the primary or secondary prevention behaviors. Cultural and contextual factors included masculinity and self-sufficiency, familial and occupational priorities, and community ties. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide a basis for developing future communications and interventions to decrease skin cancer incidence in outdoor workers. They indicate that secondary prevention and building self-efficacy in conducting SSE should be emphasized in tandem or over primary skin cancer prevention methods in this population. Trusted local healthcare providers should primarily provide prevention information, and materials should utilize testimonials from the local community to best influence this population. Communications and training interventions are needed in this population to induce a proactive level of alarm about cancer and result in the performance of SSE.
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Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Investigación Cualitativa , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Neoplasias Cutáneas/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Anciano , Kentucky , Indiana , Protectores Solares/uso terapéutico , Autoexamen , Melanoma/prevención & control , Melanoma/psicología , Exposición Profesional/prevención & control , PercepciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is recognized as an effective theory for behavior change. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of two TPB-based educational interventions on oral self-examination (OSE) behavior and the related TPB constructs among adults in Tehran, Iran, in 2022. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial involved 400 healthy individuals recruited from 20 urban comprehensive health centers in the southern part of Tehran, Iran. The health centers were randomly assigned to two control (PowerPoint) and intervention (WhatsApp) groups (200 individuals in each group). In the control group (the recipient of the routine care), participants received a 20-minute lecture through a PowerPoint presentation and a pamphlet. In the intervention group (the recipient of an additional intervention alongside the routine care), participants were educated through messages and images on WhatsApp along with having monthly group discussions. Data was collected at baseline, as well as at 1- and 3-month follow-ups using a structured questionnaire. The outcomes assessed included OSE behavior and the related TPB constructs: intention, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Linear and logistic generalized estimating equations (GEE) regression models were used to evaluate the impact of the interventions with STATA version 17. RESULTS: Of the total participants, 151 (37.75%) were men. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of ages in the PowerPoint and WhatsApp groups were 39.89 ± 13.72 and 39.45 ± 13.90, respectively. OSE and the related TPB constructs showed significant differences between the groups at the 1-month post-intervention assessment. The effect of PowerPoint was more significant in the short-term (one month), while both methods showed similar effectiveness after three months, specifically in relation to OSE and the TPB constructs. At the 3-month post-intervention assessment, there were significant increases in OSE (OR = 28.63), intention (ß = 1.47), attitude (ß = 0.66), subjective norm (ß = 2.82), and perceived behavioral control (ß = 1.19) in both groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides evidence of the effectiveness of both educational interventions in improving OSE and the TPB constructs after three months. Therefore, both TPB-based educational methods can be recommended for designing and implementing interventions aimed at preventing oral cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) on 04/03/2022 (registration number: IRCT20220221054086N1).
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Neoplasias de la Boca , Autoexamen , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Neoplasias de la Boca/psicología , Irán , Persona de Mediana Edad , Autoexamen/métodos , Intención , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Teoría Psicológica , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Educación en Salud Dental/métodos , Teoría del Comportamiento PlanificadoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to field-test a recently developed AR-based serious game designed to promote SSE self-efficacy, called Spot. METHODS: Thirty participants played the game and answered 3 questionnaires: a baseline questionnaire, a second questionnaire immediately after playing the game, and a third questionnaire 1 week later (follow-up). RESULTS: The majority of participants considered that the objective quality of the game was high, and considered that the game could have a real impact in SSE promotion. Participants showed statistically significant increases in SSE self-efficacy and intention at follow-up. Of the 24 participants that had never performed a SSE or had done one more than 3 months ago, 12 (50.0%) reported doing a SSE at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides supporting evidence to the use of serious games in combination with AR to educate and motivate users to perform SSE. Spot seems to be an inconspicuous but effective strategy to promote SSE, a cancer prevention behavior, among healthy individuals. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Patient education is essential to tackle skin cancer, particularly melanoma. Serious games, such as Spot, have the ability to effectively educate and motivate patients to perform a cancer prevention behavior.
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Realidad Aumentada , Melanoma , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Melanoma/prevención & control , Autoexamen , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Adolescents infrequently use sun protection and engage in intentional tanning more frequently compared to other age groups, leading to increased ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure that heightens skin cancer risk across the lifespan. High schools are therefore an ideal setting for offering skin cancer preventive interventions. Yet, there are limited UVR protection interventions for high school students, especially those that are personalized, tested using randomized designs, and include long-term outcome assessment to determine the durability of intervention effects. METHOD: The Sun-safe Habits Intervention and Education (SHINE) cluster-randomized trial will test a novel, personalized intervention that targets high school adolescents' sun protection and tanning behaviors, and tracks their outcomes for up to one year following intervention. Enrolled high schools will be randomized to receive either the personalized SHINE intervention, which includes facial UVR photographs and sun protection action planning, or standard education using publicly available materials. Students in both conditions will receive information about skin cancer, sun protection, and skin self-examination. Outcome variables will include students' sun protection and tanning behaviors and sunburn occurrence. Potential moderators (e.g., race/ethnicity) and mediators (e.g., self-efficacy) will also be assessed and tested. CONCLUSIONS: This trial examines the efficacy of a personalized intervention targeting sun protection and tanning of high school students. The project will lead to new scientific understanding of the theoretical mechanisms underlying outcomes and moderators of the intervention effects, which will inform future intervention tailoring to meet the needs of vulnerable subgroups.
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Neoplasias Cutáneas , Quemadura Solar , Humanos , Adolescente , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Quemadura Solar/prevención & control , Femenino , Protectores Solares/uso terapéutico , Protectores Solares/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Educación en Salud/organización & administración , Educación en Salud/métodos , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Baño de Sol , Servicios de Salud Escolar/organización & administración , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Autoexamen/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Adherence to self-management interventions is critical in both clinical settings and trials to ensure maximal effectiveness. This study reports how the Behaviour Change Wheel may be used to assess barriers to self-management behaviours and develop strategies to maximise adherence in a trial setting (the MEL-SELF trial of patient-led melanoma surveillance). METHODS: The Behaviour Change Wheel was applied by (i) using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COMB) model informed by empirical and review data to identify adherence barriers, (ii) mapping identified barriers to corresponding intervention functions, and (iii) identifying appropriate behaviour change techniques and developing potential solutions using the APEASE (Affordability, Practicability, Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, Acceptability, Side-effects and safety, Equity) criteria. RESULTS: The target adherence behaviour was defined as conducting a thorough skin self-examination and submitting images for teledermatology review. Key barriers identified included: non-engaged skin check partners, inadequate planning, time constraints, low self-efficacy, and technological difficulties. Participants' motivation was positively influenced by perceived health benefits and negatively impacted by emotional states such as anxiety and depression. We identified the following feasible interventions to support adherence: education, training, environmental restructuring, enablement, persuasion, and incentivisation. Proposed solutions included action planning, calendar scheduling, alternative dermatoscopes, optimised communication, educational resources in various formats to boost self-efficacy and motivation and optimised reminders (which will be evaluated in a Study Within A Trial (SWAT)). CONCLUSION: The Behaviour Change Wheel may be used to improve adherence in clinical trials by identifying barriers to self-management behaviours and guiding development of targeted strategies.
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Melanoma , Motivación , Cooperación del Paciente , Autoeficacia , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Melanoma/terapia , Melanoma/psicología , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Autoexamen/métodos , Automanejo/métodosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Testicular cancer (TC) predominantly affects young men and early detection enhances survival. However, uncertainty surrounds the impact of population-wide screening. Testicular self-examination (TSE) is a simple detection method but there is a gap in current practices that needs to be assessed. Our goal was to assess the perceptions and knowledge of male subjects in the general population (MP) and general practitioners (GPs) regarding TSE for TC. METHODS: Two distinct surveys evaluating knowledge and perceptions of TSE for TC were administered to GPs and MP, aged 15â45-years. Factors that could favour the realisation of TSE or improve the knowledge of TC were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall, 1048 GPs (mean (SD) age: 35.1 ± 10.3 years) and 1032 MP (mean (SD) age: 27 ± 8.2 years) answered the survey. Among the GPs, only 93 (8.9%) performed scrotal examination for TC screening. Although the majority (n = 993, 94.8%) were aware of the age of onset of TC, most (n = 768, 73.3%) did not know the overall survival rate from TC. GPs familiar with the guidelines were more likely to explain TSE to their patients (OR = 2.5 [95% CI 1.5â4.1]; p < 0.01). Among the MP, 800 (77.5%) admitted that they did not know how to perform TSE and 486 (47.1%) did not know the main symptoms associated with TC. MP who had already undergone TC screening were more likely to be familiar with the main symptoms (OR = 2.1 [95% CI 1.6â2.7]; p < 0.001) and MP who knew someone with TC or who had already undergone TC screening were more likely to be aware of the correct prevalence of TC (OR = 1.9 [95% CI 1.3â2.7], p < 0.01; and OR = 1.6 [95% CI 1.2â2.1], p < 0.01; respectively). CONCLUSION: The knowledge of both GPs and MP regarding TC could be improved. TSE screening and knowing someone close with TC improved the awareness of our subjects.
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Médicos Generales , Neoplasias de Células Germinales y Embrionarias , Neoplasias Testiculares , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adolescente , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Testiculares/prevención & control , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Autoexamen/métodos , PercepciónRESUMEN
A sobrevivência ao câncer de mama é um problema de saúde pública que demanda serviços especializados com foco na reabilitação psicossocial. Entre as necessidades identificadas nesse contexto está o incentivo à adoção de estratégias de promoção de autocuidados pelas mulheres. Uma das estratégias adotadas consiste no grupo de apoio psicológico, que auxilia as pacientes a enfrentar a longa jornada do tratamento. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é compreender os significados produzidos por mulheres com câncer de mama sobre sua participação em um grupo de apoio. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório realizado com dez mulheres com câncer de mama usuárias de um serviço de reabilitação para mastectomizadas. Como referencial metodológico foi utilizada a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista aberta em profundidade e os conteúdos foram transcritos e codificados. A análise indutiva e o método de comparação constante foram aplicados nos processos de codificação aberta, axial e seletiva, que permitiram identificar três categorias nucleares: percepção das atividades realizadas no grupo, identificação de benefícios e barreiras do convívio no grupo e transformações decorrentes da participação. As participantes significaram sua presença no grupo como fonte de acolhimento, apoio, desenvolvimento de recursos pessoais e amizades, contribuindo para promover sua qualidade de sobrevida. Além dos potenciais benefícios, também foram identificadas barreiras que podem dificultar a adesão e continuidade da participação no grupo, o que sugere a necessidade de incorporar no cuidado um olhar para as dimensões subjetivas da saúde da mulher.(AU)
Surviving breast cancer is a public health problem and depends on services focused on psychosocial rehabilitation. Healthcare providers must encourage women to adopt strategies to promote their self-care. The psychological support group is a resource that helps women to face the long journey of treatment. This study aimed to understand the meanings women with breast cancer produced about their participation in a support group. This exploratory cross-sectional study was carried out with 10 women with breast cancer who use a rehabilitation service for mastectomized patients. Grounded Theory was used as a methodological reference. An open in-depth interview was applied for data collection. The contents were transcribed and coded. Inductive analysis and the constant comparison method were applied in the open, axial, and selective coding processes, which enabled the identification of three core categories: perception of the activities carried out in the group, identification of benefits and barriers of living in the group, and transformations resulting from participation. Participants denote their involvement with the group as a source of shelter, support, development of personal resources and friendships that helps promoting quality of life. Besides these potential benefits, participants also evinced barriers that can hinder adherence and continuity of participation in the group, suggesting the importance of incorporating a look at the subjective dimensions of women's health into care.(AU)
Sobrevivir al cáncer de mama es un problema de salud pública que depende de los servicios centrados en la rehabilitación psicosocial. Entre las necesidades identificadas en esta materia se encuentra el uso de estrategias para promover el autocuidado. Uno de los recursos que ayuda a afrontar el largo camino del tratamiento es el grupo de apoyo psicológico. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer los significados que producen las mujeres con cáncer de mama sobre su participación en un grupo de apoyo. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, realizado con diez mujeres con cáncer de mama usuarias de un servicio de rehabilitación para mastectomizadas. Como referencia metodológica se utilizó la teoría fundamentada en los datos. Se aplicó una entrevista abierta en profundidad para la recogida de datos, cuyos contenidos fueron transcritos y codificados. El análisis inductivo y el método de comparación constante se aplicaron en los procesos de codificación abierta, axial y selectiva, lo que permitió identificar tres categorías centrales: percepción de las actividades realizadas en el grupo, identificación de los beneficios y las barreras de vivir en el grupo y transformaciones resultantes de la participación. Las mujeres denotan su participación en el grupo como una fuente de acogida, apoyo, desarrollo de recursos personales y amistades, que ayuda a promover la calidad de vida. Además de los beneficios potenciales, también se identificaron barreras que pueden dificultar la adherencia y continuidad de la participación en el grupo, lo que sugiere la necesidad de incorporar en la atención una mirada centrada en las dimensiones subjetivas de la salud de las mujeres.(AU)
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Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Psicoterapia de Grupo , Grupos de Autoayuda , Neoplasias de la Mama , Salud Mental , Teoría Fundamentada , Enfermería Oncológica , Ansiedad , Trastornos de Ansiedad , Procesos Patológicos , Grupo de Atención al Paciente , Satisfacción Personal , Examen Físico , Psicología , Desempeño Psicomotor , Radioterapia , Relajación , Religión , Autocuidado , Unidades de Autocuidado , Autoimagen , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia , Responsabilidad Social , Apoyo Social , Socialización , Factores Socioeconómicos , Estrés Fisiológico , Concienciación , Yoga , Terapias Complementarias , Enfermedades de la Mama , Actividades Cotidianas , Instituciones Oncológicas , Aflicción , Servicios de Salud para Mujeres , Pesar , Mamografía , Biomarcadores , Ejercicio Físico , Mastectomía Segmentaria , Familia , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , Tasa de Supervivencia , Factores de Riesgo , Morbilidad , Mortalidad , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Autoexamen , Resultado del Tratamiento , Trastorno de Pánico , Mamoplastia , Autoexamen de Mamas , Atención Integral de Salud , Meditación , Quimioprevención , Vida , Implantación de Mama , Ingenio y Humor , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Terapia de Reemplazo de Hormonas , Libre Elección del Paciente , Intervención en la Crisis (Psiquiatría) , Quistes , Autonomía Personal , Muerte , Difusión de la Información , Comunicación Interdisciplinaria , Herencia , Depresión , Trastorno Depresivo , Diagnóstico , Quimioterapia , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos , Emociones , Terapia Familiar , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Fatiga , Resiliencia Psicológica , Fertilidad , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Catastrofización , Quimioradioterapia , Coraje , Ajuste Emocional , Autocontrol , Dolor en Cáncer , Estilo de Vida Saludable , Oncología Quirúrgica , Sistemas de Apoyo Psicosocial , Supervivencia , Psicooncología , Mentalización , Crecimiento Psicológico Postraumático , Tristeza , Regulación Emocional , Distrés Psicológico , Ejercicio Preoperatorio , Terapia Basada en la Mentalización , Apoyo Familiar , Bienestar Psicológico , Habilidades de Afrontamiento , Agotamiento Emocional , Promoción de la Salud , Salud Holística , Servicios Técnicos en Hospital , Inmunoterapia , Actividades Recreativas , Acontecimientos que Cambian la Vida , Estilo de Vida , Mastectomía , Oncología Médica , Trastornos Mentales , Estadificación de NeoplasiasRESUMEN
Extensive research showcases the extent and efficacy of humor-based messaging in general health promotion. However, the work describing humor's use within testicular cancer (TC) awareness is less developed. The aim of this comparative critical review was to determine the impact of using humor-based messaging in TC awareness campaigns to achieve a baseline assessment from which future research can be modeled. A literature search was conducted using seven databases to locate relevant literature. Three research questions guided this investigation: (1) To what extent has humor been used in TC awareness campaigns? (2) What does the literature reveal about the use of humor-based messaging on relevant health outcomes? (3) What are the limitations within current TC awareness strategies? Six studies were included in the review, of which three directly assessed the use of humor in TC awareness vis-à-vis intervention designs. Humor-based strategies were implemented to enhance knowledge of TC and testicular self-examination (TSE) procedures, reduce anxiety surrounding detection threat, and promote TSE. The rhetoric provided to men via various health interventions relied on humor and slang to promote TSE among males. Despite the small sample size of the included studies, this review determined that humor may be useful in reducing uncomfortable feelings surrounding TSE, increasing awareness of TC, and promoting TSE. When using humor-based messaging, however, the audience and type of humor implemented must be considered. Limited research exists assessing the long-term impact humor in TC promotion on health behavioral changes, easing anxieties related to detection, and increased self-efficacy surrounding TSE.
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Neoplasias Testiculares , Masculino , Humanos , Neoplasias Testiculares/prevención & control , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Promoción de la Salud , AutoexamenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to identify the social cognitive predictors of regular dental visits and mouth self-examination behaviors among the elderly population, based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model. BACKGROUND: Regular dental visits and mouth self-examination can prevent oral and dental problems among the elders. Little information is available regarding the social cognitive predictive factors of these two behaviors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 24 municipality centers in Tehran, Iran in 2021. The centers were selected randomly using a multi-stage cluster sampling method and 301 elderly attendants aged 60≥years participated in the study. Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire including demographic characteristics and the HAPA model constructs for two target behaviors. Data were analyzed using the Smart-PLS version 3.3.9 via correlation and PLS-SEM analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 65.3±5.33 years and 79.7% were female. The SEM analysis showed that Action Self-Efficacy [b (SD) = 0.595 (0.065), P< 0.001] and Risk Perception [b (SD) = 0.218 (0.070), P< 0.002] were predictors of Intention for mouth self-examination but only Action Self-Efficacy [b (SD) = 0.651 (0.043), P< 0.001] was predictor of Intention for regular dental visits. Recovery Self-Efficacy and Planning directly contributed to the prediction of Mouth Self-Examination. The relationship between Maintenance Self-Efficacy and both behaviors is mediated by Planning. Also, the mediating role of Planning between Intention and target behaviors was confirmed. CONCLUSION: Action self-efficacy predicted the intention for regular dental visits and mouth self-examination behaviors. The relationship between intention and both behaviors was mediated by Planning. Emphasis on improving Action Self-Efficacy and Intention formation will enhance the effectiveness of interventions aiming at promoting the oral health of the elderly population.
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Intención , Autoexamen , Humanos , Anciano , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Irán , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Autoeficacia , CogniciónAsunto(s)
Caries Dental , Aplicaciones Móviles , Humanos , Salud Bucal , Higiene Bucal , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Autoexamen , Índice CPORESUMEN
We developed the Achieving Self-directed Integrated Cancer Aftercare (ASICA) in melanoma app to support monthly total-skin self-examinations (TSSE) by people previously treated for melanoma. A randomized 12-month trial demonstrated ASICA supported optimal monthly TSSE adherence in a third of participants (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03328247). However, a further third of participants adhered well initially but subsequently dropped off, and a final third did not adhere at all. This follow-up qualitative study investigated trial participants' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to TSSE adherence using the app. Three former trial participants participated in a single focus group and 11 participated in new semistructured telephone interviews. These were analysed thematically alongside secondary analysis of 13 qualitative interviews conducted during the trial. All transcripts were recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. Five themes encompassing barriers and facilitators to ASICA adherence emerged. These were: technology, role of others, tailoring, disease journey and competing priorities. These data will inform further development of ASICA to increase user adherence.
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Melanoma , Aplicaciones Móviles , Humanos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Melanoma/terapia , Investigación Cualitativa , Autoexamen , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
Melanoma is a significant cause of cancer death, despite being detectable without specialized or invasive technologies. Understanding barriers to preventive behaviors such as skin self-examination (SSE) could help to define interventions for increasing the frequency of early detection. To determine melanoma knowledge and beliefs across three high-incidence US states, 15,000 surveys were sent to a population-representative sample. We aimed to assess (1) melanoma literacy (i.e., knowledge about melanoma risks, attitudes, and preventive behaviors) and (2) self-reported SSE and its association with melanoma literacy, self-efficacy, and belief in the benefits of SSE. Of 2326 respondents, only 21.2% provided responses indicating high knowledge of melanoma, and 62.8% reported performing an SSE at any time in their lives. Only 38.3% and 7.3% reported being "fairly" or "very" confident about doing SSE, respectively. SSE performance among respondents was most strongly associated with higher melanoma knowledge, higher self-efficacy, and personal history of melanoma. Melanoma literacy among survey respondents was modest, with greater literacy associated with a higher likelihood of reported preventive behavior. This assessment establishes a baseline and provides guidance for public health campaigns designed to increase prevention and early detection of this lethal cancer.