Spindle-cell thymoma colliding with a bronchogenic cyst in a Yorkshire terrier.

An 8-year-old male Yorkshire terrier was presented to the Tufts Veterinary Hospital for evaluation of increased respiratory effort. A mediastinal mass composed of a spindle-cell thymoma within a bronchogenic cyst was diagnosed with computed tomography thoracic imaging, ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirate biopsy, and histopathologic evaluation after surgical removal. Histologic evaluation showed a multilocular cyst structure as well as a mass characterized by spindle to polygonal thymic epithelial cells. The cyst was characterized by a lining of ciliated pseudostratified respiratory epithelium. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a spindle-cell thymoma being associated with a mediastinal bronchogenic cyst in a dog.

Unusual diagnosis of feline cardiac lymphoma using cardiac needle biopsy.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac tumors in cats are relatively rare, with lymphoma accounting for more than half of all cases. However, feline cardiac lymphoma is often diagnosed post-mortem, and it is difficult to diagnose while the cat is still alive. It is the first report of a direct, rather than estimative, diagnosis with cardiac needle biopsy of a living cat with cardiac lymphoma. CASE PRESENTATION: A 3-year-old domestic short-haired male cat experienced loss of energy and loss of appetite. Thoracic radiography and transthoracic echocardiography showed cardiomegaly with slight pleural effusion and cardiac tamponade due to pericardial effusion, respectively. In addition, partial hyperechoic and hypertrophy of the papillary muscle and myocardium were observed. Blood test showed an increase in cardiac troponin I levels. Pericardial fluid, removed by pericardiocentesis, was analyzed; however, the cause could not be determined. With the owner's consent, pericardiectomy performed under thoracotomy revealed a discolored myocardium. Cardiac needle biopsy was performed with a 25G needle, and a large number of large atypical lymphocytes were collected; therefore, a direct diagnosis of cardiac lymphoma was made. Pathological examination of the pericardium diagnosed at a later date revealed T-cell large cell lymphoma. The cat underwent chemotherapy followed by temporary remission but died 60 days after the diagnosis. Postmortem, two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (data when alive) revealed an abnormal left ventricular myocardial deformation, which corresponded to the site of cardiac needle biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: This rare case demonstrates that cardiac lymphoma should be added to the differential diagnosis in cats with myocardial hypertrophy and that the diagnosis can be made directly by thoracotomy and cardiac needle biopsy. In addition, the measurement of cardiac troponin I levels and local deformation analysis of the myocardium by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography may be useful in the diagnosis of cardiac tumors.

Core-Needle Biopsy Efficacy in Histopathology Diagnosis of Canine Multicentric Lymphoma.

Core-needle biopsy (CNB) is now widely used to diagnose and classify human lymphoma. Few studies, however, have reported the use of CNB in veterinary medicine for dogs with suspected lymphoma. The present study evaluated the efficacy of CNB sample collection to diagnose canine multicentric lymphoma morphology. 16 dogs of varying breeds with generalized peripheral lymphadenopathy and cytopathologic features suggestive of lymphoma were enrolled in the study. CNB followed by lymphadenectomy of the left popliteal lymph node was performed. Both samples underwent histopathologic evaluation. Among the 16 dogs, 14 had lymphoma. CNB was positive for lymphoma in 12 (85.7%) of these 14 dogs. CNB analysis for diagnosing dogs with multicentric lymphoma exhibited a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 100%. CNB was effective in generalized lymphadenopathies toward achieving a differential diagnosis and microscopic evaluation of multicentric lymphoma in dogs, revealing essential features for morphologic classification, such as cell size, histopathologic type, and grade.

Feasibility and accuracy of 3D printed patient-specific skull contoured brain biopsy guides.

OBJECTIVE: Design 3D printed skull contoured brain biopsy guides (3D-SCGs) from computed tomography (CT) or T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T1W MRI). STUDY DESIGN: Feasibility study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Five beagle dog cadavers and two client-owned dogs with brain tumors. METHODS: Helical CT and T1W MRI were performed on cadavers. Planned target point was the head of the caudate nucleus. Three-dimensional-SCGs were created from CT and MRI using commercially available open-source software. Using 3D-SCGs, biopsy needles were placed into the caudate nucleus in cadavers, and CT was performed to assess needle placement accuracy, followed by histopathology. Three-dimensional-SCGs were then created and used to perform in vivo brain tumor biopsies. RESULTS: No statistical difference was found between the planned target point and needle placement. Median needle placement error for all planned target points was 2.7 mm (range: 0.86-4.5 mm). No difference in accuracy was detected between MRI and CT-designed 3D-SCGs. Median needle placement error for the CT was 2.8 mm (range: 0.86-4.5 mm), and 2.2 mm (range: 1.7-2.7 mm) for MRI. Biopsy needles were successfully placed into the target in the two dogs with brain tumors and biopsy was successfully acquired in one dog. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional-SCGs designed from CT or T1W MRI allowed needle placement within 4.5 mm of the intended target in all procedures, resulting in successful biopsy in one of two live dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This feasibility study justifies further evaluation of 3D-SCGs as alternatives in facilities that do not have access to stereotactic brain biopsy.

Xylazine or detomidine in dairy calves: a comparison of clinically relevant pharmacodynamic parameters under sedation.

OBJECTIVE: Chemical restraint in dairy calves is necessary to enable diagnostic and surgical procedures. It is unclear whether xylazine or detomidine differ with regard to desirable and unwanted effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a prospective randomized interventional study, 10 healthy Holstein-Friesian calves (age range 3-6 month) were sedated with either xylazine (0.1 mg/kg, Group X, n = 5) or detomidine (0.03 mg/kg, Group D, n = 5) intravenously, followed by butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg i. v.) in all animals. Characteristics of sedation and selected pharmacodynamic parameters were compared between groups using a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: All calves (5/5) in Group X and (3/5) calves in Group D became laterally recumbent within 5 minutes. Two calves (40 %) in Group D remained standing and could not been positioned in lateral recumbency 15 minutes after initial administration of the sedation agents. Sedation scores, onset and duration of sedation did not differ between groups. Heart and respiratory rate decreased in both groups. Mean arterial pressure was with around 30 mmHg significantly higher in Group D (t25, t30, t35, t40 with p = 0.018, 0.036, 0.029 and 0.016, respectively). In Group X, glucose level (t60) and packed cell volume (t30) were significantly lower (p = 0.032 and 0.048, respectively). CONCLUSION: and clinical relevance The xylazine-butorphanol combination provided reliable recumbent chemical restraint. With detomidine-butorphanol recumbency failed in some individuals, but a sufficient clinical sedation was achieved. Based on the limited monitoring used in this study, the side effects are of minor clinical relevance in healthy individuals.

Optimized immunocytochemistry using leukocyte and tissue markers on Romanowsky-stained slides from dogs and cats.

BACKGROUND: Romanowsky staining is often the initial method used to stain hematologic and cytologic materials. While immunocytochemistry (ICC) is a well-established method on air-dried smears, there are rare veterinary reports of ICC involving Romanowsky-stained slides. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare immunoreactivity of unstained vs Romanowsky-stained specimens, evaluate reactions over time, and assess ICC associations with confirmatory tests of 50 lymphoma cases. Another goal aimed to optimize manual ICC protocols with cellular and tissue immunomarkers to detect CD3ε, CD20, Pax5, MHCII, lysozyme, MUM1, vimentin, cytokeratin, and Melan-A antigens on Romanowsky-stained specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cytologic specimens from cases of lymphoid and nonlymphoid neoplasms were stained with a methanolic Romanowsky method. Additional unstained slides from these cases were used for comparison with the stained materials. Antigen retrieval involved a citrate buffer pH6 or Tris/EDTA pH9 at 95°C for 25 minutes in a decloaking chamber. Immunocytochemistry used known positive and secondary antibody-only negative cytologic controls. Immunoreactivity of unstained and prestained lymphoma slides was graded by the intensity and percent of stained cells. Signal grading was monitored over time for diagnostic differences. RESULTS: Unstained and Romanowsky-stained slides had similar membrane/cytoplasm graded reactions, but unstained slides produced stronger signals. Romanowsky-stained blood films from B-cell and T-cell leukemias showed minimal loss of signal when monitored over 20 weeks. Signal differences did not change the diagnosis. There was a significant association between ICC and confirmatory tests. Optimization involved antibody dilution and antigen retrieval methodology for each antibody tested. CONCLUSIONS: Immunocytochemistry of Romanowsky-stained material can be successfully performed using antibodies against CD3ε, CD20, cytokeratin, lysozyme, Melan-A, MHCII, MUM1, Pax5, and vimentin.

Lung biopsy with guillotine cutting needle and biopsy forceps though transdiaphragmatic thoracoscopy in dogs with pulmonary alterations / Biópsia pulmonar com agulha cortante guilhotinada e pinça de biopsia por toracoscopia transdiafragmática em cães com alterações pulmonares

Lung diseases are common in small animal clinical routine. Diagnosis is usually affected due to nonspecific symptoms. Imaging features such as radiography and chest ultrasound are acceptable screening tests, although lung biopsy can provides a precise diagnosis. Thus thoracoscopy provides a minimally invasive diagnostic assessment for chest diseases and offers the benefits such as improved illumination and magnification of the image when compared with thoracotomy. In this study we evaluated the transdiaphragmatic thoracoscopic-assisted techniques of lung biopsy with a the guillotine cutting needle and biopsy forceps, in dogs presenting radiographic suspicion on pulmonary tumors. Fourteen dogs regardless of breed, gender, age and body weight admitted at the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics (HCV) of the Veterinary College (FAVET) of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), were assessed. Inclusion criteria were presence of nodules on chest radiography and triage tests without changes that could hinder general anesthesia and surgical approach. The animals were positioned in dorsal recumbence and two thoracoscopic ports were established: the first port for working instruments; the second paraxyphoid port for the telescope. Three samples were collected using each sampling method from each lesion or from tumors macroscopically similar whenever their size was less than one centimeter. The samples were sent for histopathological examination in the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of FAVET/UFRGS. Surgical time was recorded from first incision to wound closure and surgical complications were reported. The dogs were evaluated for the presence of subcutaneous emphysema, hematoma, seroma, local infection and dehiscence. No conversion to open surgery was necessary during the thoracoscopic procedure in any patient. Thoracoscopic assisted biopsy using guillotine needle and biopsy forceps was a safe and fast technique, without perioperative complications. Both devices provided good quality samples for histopathological analysis of lung abnormalities. However the cutting guillotine needle was more efficient especially in larger pulmonary nodules. The transdiaphragmatic access provided optimal approach for both hemithoraces.(AU)

As afecções pulmonares são comuns na rotina clínica de pequenos animais, todavia, por apresentarem sintomas inespecíficos, muitas vezes o diagnóstico dessas doenças torna-se limitado. Recursos de imagem como a radiografia e a ultrassonografia torácica são válidos como exames de triagem, mas somente a biopsia pulmonar pode possibilitar um diagnóstico específico da doença. A toracoscopia fornece um meio minimamente invasivo de diagnóstico para as doenças torácicas e oferece os benefícios de melhor iluminação e ampliação da imagem, quando comparado com a toracotomia. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as técnicas de biópsia pulmonar por meio da agulha cortante guilhotinada e da pinça de biopsia, guiadas por toracoscopia, pelo acesso transdiafragmático em cães que apresentavam imagem sugestiva de nódulo pulmonar em exame radiográfico prévio. Foram utilizados 14 cães, independente de raça, sexo, idade e peso corporal. Somente caninos com nódulos visíveis na radiografia torácica e que apresentaram condições clínicas e laboratoriais de serem anestesiados foram incluídos no estudo. Os cães foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal e foram realizados dois acessos à cavidade torácica: um primeiro portal intercostal, para introdução dos dispositivos de biopsia; e outro portal paraxifoide transdiafragmático para introdução do endoscópio. Com cada instrumento de biopsia foram coletadas três amostras do mesmo nódulo ou de nódulos macroscopicamente semelhantes e próximos quando o tamanho destes era inferior a um centímetro. Posteriormente as amostras foram encaminhadas para exame histopatológico. O tempo cirúrgico foi cronometrado da incisão ao fechamento da ferida, etodas as informações foram registradas. No pós-operatório os cães foram avaliados quanto à presença de enfisema subcutâneo, hematoma, seroma, infecção local e deiscência de pontos. Não foi necessário converter os procedimentos toracoscópicos para cirurgia convencional em nenhum dos caninos. Concluiu-se tratar de uma técnica segura, rápida sem complicações trans e pós-operatórias. Ambos dispositivos permitiram aquisição de material suficiente para análise histopatológica das alterações pulmonares, no entanto a agulha cortante guilhotinada apresentou maior eficácia, principalmente, em nódulos pulmonares de maior diâmetro. O acesso transdiafragmático mostrou-se eficiente para exploração de ambos os hemitórax.(AU)

Hepatic Sirt3 expression declines postpartum in dairy goats.

The experiments reported in this research communication aimed to plot the expression pattern of Sirt3, a master regulator of energy metabolism and antioxidation defence, in the liver of dairy goats during perinatal period. Ten healthy dairy goats in late pregnancy were chosen, and needle biopsy was applied to collect liver samples at 1-week intervals. Protein levels of hepatic Sirt3 were analysed by western-blotting. Serum enzyme activities of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels were measured, and their correlation with Sirt3 mRNA levels was also estimated. Compared with >3-week before parturition (BP), Sirt3 proteins were significantly reduced at 1-week after parturition (AP) and 2-week AP (P < 0·05), but increased on the day of parturition (P < 0·01). Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between hepatic Sirt3 mRNA levels and serum enzyme activity of Mn-SOD (r = 0·46), but a negative association between that and serum NEFA levels (r = -0·41). These data indicate that the decreased hepatic expression of Sirt3 might be one of the reasons that dairy goats undergo oxidative stress after parturition.

Use of transfer learning to detect diffuse degenerative hepatic diseases from ultrasound images in dogs: A methodological study.

The aim of this methodological study was to develop a deep convolutional neural network (DNN) to detect degenerative hepatic disease from ultrasound images of the liver in dogs and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the newly developed DNN with that of serum biochemistry and cytology on the same samples, using histopathology as a standard. Dogs with suspected hepatic disease that had no prior history of neoplastic disease, no hepatic nodular pathology, no ascites and ultrasonography performed 24h prior to death were included in the study (n=52). Ultrasonography and serum biochemistry were performed as part of the routine clinical evaluation. On the basis of histopathology, dogs were categorised as 'normal' (n=8), or having 'vascular abnormalities'(n=8), or 'inflammatory'(n=0), 'neoplastic' (n=4) or 'degenerative'(n=32) disease; dogs with 'neoplastic' disease were excluded from further analysis. On cytological evaluation, dogs were categorised as 'normal' (n=11), or having 'inflammatory' (n=0), 'neoplastic' (n=4) or 'degenerative' (n=37) disease. Dogs were categorised as having 'degenerative' (n=32) or 'non-degenerative' (n=16) liver disease for analysis due to the limited sample size. The DNN was developed using a transfer learning methodology on a pre-trained neural network that was retrained and fine-tuned to our data set. The resultant DNN had a high diagnostic accuracy for degenerative liver disease (area under the curve 0.91; sensitivity 100%; specificity 82.8%). Cytology and serum biochemical markers (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase) had poor diagnostic accuracy in the detection of degenerative liver disease. The DNN outperformed all the other non-invasive diagnostic tests in the detection of degenerative liver disease.

Electrophysiological and histopathological findings of muscular disease suspected as myotonic dystrophy in a Shiba dog.

An 8-year-old male Japanese Shiba exhibited muscle wasting and a stiff gait. A low-amplitude myotonic discharge was recorded by needle electromyography (EMG). A histopathological examination on a tru-cut biopsy sample from the muscle revealed myofiber size variations. Internal nuclei and cytoplasmic vacuoles were observed in many fibers. A type 1 fiber predominance and many hybrid type fibers were observed immunohistochemically. On the basis of these EMG and histopathological findings, myotonic dystrophy (DM) was suspected as tentative diagnosis. The cytoplasm around the vacuoles was immunopositive for cytochrome c, tom 20, and SOD-1, suggesting that these vacuoles might occur within mitochondria. Collectively, these results indicate that a mitochondrial abnormality partly play the role on the pathogenesis of present case.

Associations of patient characteristics, disease stage, and biopsy technique with the diagnostic quality of core needle renal biopsy specimens from dogs with suspected kidney disease.

OBJECTIVE To identify factors affecting the diagnostic quality of core needle renal biopsy specimens from dogs with suspected kidney disease. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS 522 client-owned dogs with suspected kidney disease for which core needle renal biopsy specimens (n = 1,089) were submitted to the International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service for evaluation and inclusion in their database. PROCEDURES Data regarding dog signalment, clinical variables, biopsy method, needle brand and gauge, biopsy results, and other variables were extracted from the database. Variables were tested for association with 3 outcomes of light microscopic evaluation of core specimens: number of glomeruli per core specimen, obtainment of < 10 glomeruli, and presence or absence of renal medullary tissue. RESULTS Number of glomeruli per core specimen was significantly associated with needle gauge, dog age, serum creatinine concentration, and degree of proteinuria, whereas biopsy method and submitting hospital were significantly associated with the presence of renal medullary tissue in specimens. Mean numbers of glomeruli per core specimen obtained with 14- or 16-gauge needles were similar, but both were significantly greater than the mean number obtained with 18-gauge needles. Needle gauge had a similar association with the likelihood of obtaining < 10 glomeruli in a core specimen. Specimens obtained via laparotomy or laparoscopic approaches more commonly contained medullary tissue than those obtained by ultrasound-guided approaches. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Overall, findings suggested that ultrasound-guided biopsy with a 16-gauge needle should maximize the diagnostic quality of renal biopsy specimens from dogs with suspected kidney disease, while avoiding potential adverse effects caused by larger needles.

Bone Marrow Aspirate Evaluation.

Important steps in bone marrow aspirate evaluation include determining if bone marrow evaluation is indicated; using appropriate aspirate collection, smear preparation, and staining techniques; and performing a systematic approach for the cytologic evaluation. The cytologic evaluation of bone marrow requires knowledge of the morphology of bone marrow cell types, the proportion of these cell types normally present, and the ability to evaluate overall cellularity of bone marrow. Accurate interpretation of bone marrow cytologic findings depends on evaluation of a current complete blood cell count. These components are the pillars of getting the most useful information in the diagnosis of hematologic disorders.

Cytology of Bone.

Cytology of bone is a useful diagnostic tool. Aspiration of lytic or proliferative lesions can assist with the diagnosis of inflammatory or neoplastic processes. Bacterial, fungal, and protozoal organisms can result in significant osteomyelitis, and these organisms can be identified on cytology. Neoplasms of bone including primary bone tumors such as osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, synovial cell sarcoma, and histiocytic sarcoma and tumors of bone marrow including plasma cell neoplasia and lymphoma and metastatic neoplasia can result in significant bone lysis or proliferation and can be diagnosed effectively with cytology.

Diagnostic accuracy of Wright-Giemsa and rhodanine stain protocols for detection and semi-quantitative grading of copper in canine liver aspirates.

BACKGROUND: Canine hepatic copper content has been increasing. Recognition of canine copper-associated hepatopathies is becoming more common. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to assess the diagnostic performance of Wright-Giemsa (WG) and rhodanine staining for detection of increased canine hepatic copper following a proposed cytologic protocol for semi-quantitative evaluation of liver aspirates and the effect of previous WG staining. METHODS: Retrospectively, 40 canine hepatic WG-stained cytology cases were rhodanine stained. Diagnostic performance of WG staining for increased hepatic copper was evaluated. A rhodanine-stained cytologic copper grading system was developed. Prospectively, 67 canine liver samples with quantitative copper measurement, a WG-then rhodanine-stained slide, and a non-WG rhodanine-stained slide were used to assess the performance of the grading system and the effect of previous WG staining. RESULTS: Copper was not described in 40 retrospective cases on initial cytologic evaluation; 8/40 cases had increased copper content after rhodanine staining or quantitative copper assessment. Prior WG staining and destaining significantly affected the cytologic copper grade but not the diagnostic performance as measured by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. Quantitative copper concentration and previously WG-stained copper grade were moderately correlated (n = 67, ρ = .79 [.68-.87]). For detection of ≥ 600 ppm, dry weight (dw) copper, sensitivity was .75 and specificity was .97. For detection of ≥ 1500 ppm, dw copper, sensitivity was 1.0 and specificity was .97. CONCLUSIONS: Wright-Giemsa staining alone does not reliably detect hepatic copper. Grading of rhodanine-stained canine hepatic cytologic samples demonstrates acceptable diagnostic performance for detection of copper content.

Laparoscopic ovum pick-up in spotted paca (Cuniculus pacas) / Aspiração folicular por laparoscopia em paca (Cuniculus pacas)

The aim of this work is study the laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LapOPU) technique in spotted paca, describing surgery details, complications and oocyte recovery rate. Nine healthy adult non-pregnant captive females were used, in a total of 39 procedures. When the surgical plane of anaesthesia was achieved, the females were positioned at 20º Trendelenburg. Three 6mm trocars were placed on right and left inguinal and hypogastric regions. Abdomen was inflated with CO2 and the intra-abdominal pressure was stablished in 10mmHg. Follicular punctures were performed moving the ovaries with atraumatic forceps. For punctures, an 18-gauge 3.5 inch long needle attached to a vacuum system with pressure not exceeding 65mmHg was used. Oocytes were recovered into 50mL centrifuge tubes with media composed of PBS supplemented with 10 IU/mL of heparin and kept at 36°C. R Software was used for statistical analysis. Data normality distribution (Shapiro test) and variances homoscedasticity (Bartlett test) were tested and descriptive statistics (mean±SD) was used to present the results. It was only possible to perform LapOPU in 30 of 39 laparoscopies (76.92%). The surgical total time was 37.34 ± 18.53 minutes. The total number of visualized follicles, aspirated follicles, and retrieved oocytes were 502, 415, and 155, respectively. And the same parameters per animal were: 14.34 ± 12.23, 11.86 ± 10.03, and 4.43 ± 4.69 respectively. Oocyte recovery rate was 32.56 ± 27.32%. In conclusion, caudal positioning of portals with slight triangulation allows good viewing of the abdominal cavity and eases the manipulation of the ovaries. Thus this described LapOPU technique is feasible in spotted paca and easy to perform.(AU)

Objetiva-se, com este trabalho, estudar a técnica de aspiração folicular por videolaparoscopia (LapOPU) em pacas, descrevendo detalhes do procedimento cirúrgico, complicações e taxa de recuperação oocitária. Para isso, foram utilizadas nove fêmeas, saudáveis, adultas, não gestantes e mantidas em cativeiro, totalizando 39 procedimentos. Quandoo plano anestésico cirúrgico foi alcançado, as fêmeas foram posicionadas em Trendelenburg com 20º de angulação. Três trocáteres foram colocados nas regiões inguinais direita e esquerda e hipogástrica. O Abdômen foi insuflado com CO2, e a pressão intra-abdominal foi mantida em 10mmHg. Punções foliculares foram realizadas manipulando-se os ovários com pinças atraumáticas. Para aspirações foliculares, usou-se agulha de 18G com bisel curto acoplado ao sistema de vácuo com pressão não excedendo 65mmHg. Oócitos foram recuperados em tubos de centrifugação de 50mL contendo meio composto de PBS suplementado com 10UI/mL de heparina e mantidos a 36ºC. Usou-se software R para análise estatística. Testaram-se a distribuição normal dos dados (teste de Shapiro) e a homocedasticidade das variâncias (teste de Barlett) e se usaram estatísticas descritivas (média±DP) para apresentar os resultados. Das 39 videolaparoscopias, só foi possível realizar LapOPUem 30 delas (76,92%). O tempo cirúrgico total das LapOPU foi de 37,34 ± 18,53 minutos. Os números totais de folículos visualizados, folículos aspirados e oócitos recuperados foram: 502, 415 e 155, respectivamente. E os mesmos parâmetros por animal foram: 14,34 ± 12,23, 11,86 ± 10,03 e 4,43 ± 4,69, respectivamente. A taxa de recuperação foi de 32,56 ± 27,32%. Assim, conclui-se que o posicionamento caudal de portais, com ligeira triangulação, permite uma boa visualização da cavidade abdominal e facilita a manipulação dos ovários, sendo essa técnica de LapOPU viável em pacas e de fácil execução.(AU)

Systemic infection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis and fungus in a pet dog.

A 3-year-old neutered female poodle with a long history of dermatophytic skin disease was presented with lethargy, anorexia and progressive weight loss. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed markedly enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes and multiple hypoechoic foci in the spleen. Cytology of the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen showed granulomatous inflammation with fungal organisms and negatively stained intracytoplasmic bacterial rods consistent with Mycobacteria spp. Based on culture, multiplex polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis, the bacterium was identified as Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis. Despite treatment with antibiotics, the dog's condition deteriorated, and it died approximately 3 weeks after first presentation.